光度法测定罗红霉素及麦迪霉素

罗红霉素、麦迪霉素与稀硫酸作用生成棕色化合物,其最大吸收波长均为482 nm,表观摩尔吸光率分别为5.00×103>L·mol-1·cm-1和1.02×104L·mol-1·cm-1,线性范围分别为17.0 mg·L-1以内和20.5 mg·L-1以内.由此建立了两种抗生素中主成分含量的光度测定法,通过该两药物片剂实样的分析证实了此方法的可行性.     

固相萃取-气相色谱法测定饮用水中12种农药

提出了固相萃取-气相色谱法测定饮用水中12种农药残留量的方法。取水样250mL过固相萃取柱,用乙酸乙酯、正己烷各5mL洗脱,经无水硫酸钠脱水,采用DB-5MS毛细管色谱柱分离,电子捕获检测器检测。溴氢菊酯的线性范围为0.05~0.5mg·L-1,其他农药的线性范围均在0.01~0.1mg·L-1。溴氰菊酯的检出限为24.2ng·L-1,其他农药的检出限均低于10ng·L-1。12种农药的加标回收率在70.0%~110%之间,相对标准偏差(n=6)均小于10%。     

基于乙酰胆碱酯酶生物传感平台的西维因检测北大核心CSCD

为给农药西维因检测提供一种新方法,根据西维因抑制乙酰胆碱酯酶活性的原理,以黑珍珠2000(BP2000)为乙酰胆碱酯酶的固定化材料,采用滴凃电极法构建了基于乙酰胆碱酯酶的西维因生物传感平台.结果表明,固定在BP2000上的乙酰胆碱酯酶保持了对氯化乙酰胆碱的催化活性,并且由于BP2000材料的引入,提升了电极有效的电化学活性表面积,而且电极上物质的电化学氧化拥有较低氧化电位(0.630 V)并伴随质子传输.由BP2000搭建成功的乙酰胆碱酯酶生物传感平台对西维因检测的线性响应范围为2.0 ng·m L-1~12.5 ng·m L-1,检测限为3.15 ng·m L-1.本研究对酶生物传感平台和酶生物燃料电池体系中酶电极的构建提供了一种简单方法及高效载体.     

高效液相色谱电化学安培法同时测定大米中4种氨基甲酸酯农药残留量

报道了用液相色谱法测定微量氨基甲酸酯农药的方法，氨基甲酸酯先在碱性条件水解，生成的酚用液相色谱安培法测定。研究了最优色谱条件。该法简单、快速、灵敏，已应用于测定大米中克百威、西维因、异丙威和甲硫威４种氨基甲酸酯农药残留量。     

离子色谱法测定水果中亚硝酸盐和硝酸盐

建立了离子色谱法测定水果中亚硝酸盐和硝酸盐的方法.试样溶液中亚硝酸盐和硝酸盐在YSA-8阴离子色谱柱分离,以4 mmol.L-1碳酸钠-3 mmol.L-1碳酸氢钠为流动相,电导检测.亚硝酸盐和硝酸盐的检出限分别为0.02 mg·L-1和0.11 mg·L-1,工作曲线的线性范围分别在0.2～20.0 mg·L-1和0.3～30.0 mg·L-1范围内.该方法已应用于水果中亚硝酸盐和硝酸盐的测定,测得回收率在93.4%～105.2%之间.     

非完全消化-火焰原子吸收光谱法测定润滑油中钙锌

在低温加热的条件下,油样用浓硝酸消化,所得试液中加入适量Triton X-100及Tween 80使乳化从而得到均匀的透明或半透明的呈橙黄色或黄绿色的试样溶液,供火焰原子吸收光谱法(FAAS)测定钙及锌.对非完全消化所用的酸和乳化剂的选择和FAAS测定中的化学干扰、背景干扰以及空白溶液及试样溶液粘度的一致性等分析务件进行了试验和优化.钙及锌两元素的线性范围依次为0～12 mg·L-1和0～1.6 mg·L-1,检出限(3σ/s)依次为0.14 mg·L-1及0.018 mg·L-1.此方法应用于润滑油实样分析,所得两元素分析结果的RSD(n=6)值均小于5%,回收率均在100.0%～102.1%之间.     

顺序注射荧光光谱法测定环境水中痕量西维因

利用农药西维因与β-环糊精在pH 5.0的磷酸氢二钠-柠檬酸缓冲溶液中反应生成主客体包合络合物,导致西维因本身的特征荧光增强的现象,结合顺序注射进样方式提出了顺序注射荧光光谱法测定环境水样中痕量西维因的方法。试验得出仪器的主要工作条件:①进样方式:两区带;②环糊精的浓度:3.5mmol·L-1;③试样体积:240μL;④缓冲溶液体积:100μL;⑤测定流量:5.0mL·min-1;⑥扫描速率:12 000nm·min-1;⑦激发波长:280nm,发射波长:334nm。在设定条件下,西维因的质量浓度在0.90~210μg·L-1范围内与相对荧光强度呈线性关系。检出限(3s)为0.3μg·L-1。用此方法测定了河水、湖水和自来水样品中西维因含量,并在此3种样品的基体中加入标准溶液进行回收试验,测得回收率在91.8%~109%之间。     

气相色谱法同时测定大米中37种农药残留

提出了分散固相萃取-气相色谱法同时测定大米中37种农药残留量的方法。采用C18、乙二胺-N-丙基硅烷(PSA)和无水硫酸镁固相材料分散净化技术,以丙酮-正己烷(25+75)溶液为萃取溶剂,用脉冲火焰光度检测器和电子捕获检测器同时测定37种农药。13种有机氯农药的线性范围为0.02～0.2 mg.L-1,16种有机磷农药和8种拟除虫菊酯农药的线性范围为0.1～1.0 mg.L-1,方法的检出限(3S/N)均小于0.02 mg.kg-1。以大米样品为基体,加入三种不同浓度的农药标准溶液作回收试验,测定回收率在71.8%～111.8%之间,相对标准偏差(n=3)在1.1%～14.0%之间。     

高效液相色谱法测定茶饮料中的黄酮类化合物

建立了茶饮料中六种黄酮类化合物的高效液相色谱检测方法。流动相采用梯度洗脱。结果表明芦丁、漆黄素、木犀草素、芹菜素在0.025~20 mg·L-1范围内呈现良好线性关系,桑色素、槲皮素在0.050~20 mg·L-1范围内呈现良好线性关系。加标回收率在84.5%~107.5%。该方法精密度良好(六种黄酮类化合物的相对标准偏差均不大于3.2%),检测限为6.2~34μg·L-1。该方法简便,灵敏、重现性好,可用于同时分析茶饮料中的黄酮化合物。     

果汁中有机磷农药残留的动态液相微萃取/气相色谱法检测

应用动态液相微萃取与气相色谱联用技术建立了果汁中3种有机磷农药(敌敌畏、甲基对硫磷、对硫磷)的快速分析方法.考察了萃取溶剂、溶剂体积、萃取次数、水样pH值以及离子强度对液相微萃取的影响.3种有机磷农药的线性范围均为40 ～400 μg·L-1,富集倍数22.3 ～51.5,回收率80% ～120%,相对标准偏差2.0% ～8.1%,检出限12.2 ～20.6 μg·L-1.     

利用手持技术改进测定乙醇分子结构实验

利用压强传感器代替排水集气法,改进测定乙醇分子结构实验的仪器装置,并探索最佳反应条件。另外,设计两个空白实验,结合压强变化曲线对实验误差进行相关讨论。     

Neutral diterpenoids of oleoresins of five species of conifers of Transcarpathia

The compositions of the neutral diterpenoids of the oleoresins of five species of conifers growing in the Transcarpathia have been studied. It has been found that the oleoresins ofAbies alba M.,Larix decidua M., andPicea excelsa L. contain more than 50% of neutral diterpenoids. The group and qualitative compositions of the oxygen-containing diterpenoids have been determined. In the oleoresins ofAbies alba,Picea excelsa, andPicea abies tertiary alcohols — cis-abienol and isocembrol — predominate, while inLarix decidua the main component is the hydroxy ester larixyl acetate. Primary alcohols related to the resin acids have been found in all the oleoresins investigated. Features of the distribution of diterpenoids according to the species of conifers have been revealed. The results obtained are necessary for the chemotaxonomy of conifers of the family Pinceae.Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Translated from Khimiya Prirodynkh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 812–816, November–December, 1988.     

光谱仪测试范围的扩展

由于石化行业的生产需要，其材质的使用具有多样性和广泛性，经常会出现顾客委托的测试样品的一个或几个元素跨越光谱仪现有测试程序测量范围的情况。本法通过对光谱仪测试原理的认识，根据光谱仪的测试能力及标样的采集，实现了一个或几个元素测量范围的扩展，并对其测量的影响因素进行了研究。     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

Influence of viscosity of medium on processes of oxygen quenching of excited states of mesoporphyrin

The oxygen quenching rate constants for singlet and triplet excited states of the dimethyl ester of mesoporphyrin IX increase with decreasing viscosity of the medium and reach a maximum at a viscosity of approximately 0.4 mPa·sec, after which the rate constants begin to decrease. The drop in rate constant with increasing fluidity of the medium may be related to a nonequilibrium character of the elementary act in the interaction of the reactants in the solvent cage. In viscous media such as isopropyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol, and isoamyl alcohol, the reaction radius is greater than the sum of the radii of the reacting particles. The long-range character of these processes is due to the relatively weak dependence of the quenching probability on distance.Translated from Teoreticheskaya i Éksperimental'naya Khimiya, Vol. 25, No. 2, pp. 161–167, March–April, 1989.     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

物质分配系数的测定实验改进

实验教学目的是从解决实际问题出发,以实验技术训练和实验设计思想培养为目标。介绍了将单一的物质分配系数测定实验改进为综合实验,提高了实验效果及实验资源利用率。     

Calculation of enthalpies of hydrogenation of hydrocarbons

Sets of hydrogen molecule equivalents have been developed which permit the calculation of hydrogenation of different types of carbon-carbon bonds from ab initio total energies (3-21G and 6-31G* basis sets, and, to a more limited extent, for MP2/6-31G* data) of reactants and products. The calculated enthalpies of hydrogenation are in good agreement with experiment for unstrained molecules, with average errors on the order of 2 kcal/mol. The 6-31G* equivalents allow the enthalpies for strained molecules to be calculated accurately, but the 3-21G equivalents do not. The equivalents for both basis sets have been tested by calculating the enthalpies of hydrogenation of carbon-carbon bonds in nitrogen- and oxygen-containing organic molecules, free radicals, and classical carbocations. The results are in good agreement with experiment in most cases.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。