基于混合漫射近似的空间分辨漫反射光学参量灵敏度的研究

根据空间分辨漫反射的双点源混合漫射近似模型, 推导了空间分辨漫反射率对生物组织吸收系数μ_a和有效散射系数μ'_s灵敏度的解析表示, 系统研究了在强吸收条件近光源区域吸收系数μ_a和有效散射系数μ'_s对漫反射光子分布的影响. 研究表明: 吸收系数的灵敏度随光源与探测器间距ρ的增加呈线性增长, 其斜率正比于(μ'_s/μ_a)^1/4, 比例系数约为1.4, 同时获得一个优化的探测距离ρ_opt, 距离光源约3.4个输运平均自由程, 在这个距离处有效散射系数的变化对测量吸收的影响最小. 这项研究对于生物组织的光学性质测量以及漫反射光谱技术的应用具有重要意义.     

模型及其参数对确定K介子有效质量的影响

分别使用线性和非线性Walecka模型,讨论了重子标量密度ρS和矢量密度ρB的关系.运用相对论平均场理论给出了不同模型下ρ_S-ρ_B关系曲线.利用这些结果,分析了模型和参数组对核物质中K介子有效质量影响的大小,得到了不同参数组下K介子有效质量随核物质密度的变化关系曲线.同时计算了非对称核物质中K介子有效质量在不同模型和不同参数下的有效质量的曲线,并与对称核物质中的情况进行了比较.     

相对论重离子碰撞中的K+产生及集体流

用自洽的相对论BUU模型研究了相对论重离子碰撞的K⁺产生及流,研究结果表明K⁺集体流在相对论重离子碰撞中对核态方程(EOS)和K–N标量吸引项(∑_KN)是敏感的,在对K⁺流中心度依赖的研究中发现在大碰撞参数时有反向流出现,可为确定∑_KN值提供更为有效的信息.对K⁺产生的总产额及各个不同道的贡献与EOS和∑_KN关系进行了细致分析,表明N△道对K⁺产生的贡献和影响都是最显著的; 不同道的贡献对∑_KN的灵敏程度不同,其中∑_KN对N△道的影响要比对πB道的大.     

单轴晶体包层光纤Bragg光栅反射谱特性模拟研究

本文推导了包层为单轴各向异性晶体的光纤理想正规模特征方程, 应用中值定理, 结合Matlab的数值求解, 提出了这一超越方程的一种求解算法, 并在此基础上, 对包层为单轴各向异性材料的光纤Bragg光栅的反射谱与包层折射率关系进行了模拟分析. 模拟结果表明, k_cl 对反射谱有很大的影响, 不同的k_cl 可以导致不同的光栅反射率和Bragg波长.     

样品温度对CF3+ 与Si表面相互作用影响的分子动力学模拟

利用分子动力学模拟方法研究了不同温度下CF_x层对CF⁺₃刻蚀Si表面过程的影响.由模拟数据可知,温度对C和F的沉积有显著的影响,通过提高样品的温度,物理刻蚀得到了加强,而化学刻蚀被减弱.同时,随着温度的升高,Si的刻蚀率相应增加.刻蚀产物中的SiF,SiF₂的量随温度的增加而增加,SiF₃的量与基体温度没有直接的关系.Si刻蚀率的增加主要是通过提高SiF,SiF_{2相似文献}   

Cd0.9Zn0.1Te晶体的Cd气氛扩散热处理研究

将生长得到的Cd_0.9Zn_0.1Te晶体在Cd气氛下及不同的温度条件下进行了退火处理. 借助已建立的退火处理过程中Cd_1-xZn_xTe晶体材料电阻率及导电类型变化和扩散杂质的扩散系数之间关系的模型，结合实验数据，获得了1073K，973K和873K下Cd在Cd_0.9Zn_0.1Te晶体中的扩散系数，并估算了其激活能. 通过使用获得的扩散系数，研究了在不同温度及饱和Cd气氛下，退火时间对Cd_0.9Zn_0.1Te晶体电阻率分布及导电类型等的变化的影响.     

圆波导TE11主模辐射方向性系数的误差分析

 对不同尺寸圆波导TE₁₁模，以及TE₁₁和TM₀₁不同比例混合模式的辐射情况进行了模拟研究，得到了E面、H面功率方向图，通过高功率微波远场测量常采用的假设方向图对称的方法，计算出E面、H面方向性系数，并与模拟得到的方向性系数进行对比。结果表明：TE₁₁单模及TE₁₁模与功率占5%，10%的TM₀₁模混合情况下，H面方向性系数与模拟得到的方向性系数最大差值小于0.8 dB，E面方向性系数与模拟值最小差值大于1 dB。因此，在这些情况下，H面方向性系数更接近于方向性系数，采用H面方向性系数计算功率结果更接近实际值。     

层间热处理对SiO2/ZrO2双层膜的影响

 以正硅酸乙酯和丙醇锆为前驱体,用溶胶-凝胶法在K9基片上提拉镀制SiO₂/ZrO₂双层膜。采用不同实验步骤制备了2个样品,样品1镀完SiO₂后直接镀ZrO₂ ,样品2镀完SiO₂经热处理后再镀ZrO₂。采用原子力显微镜、椭偏仪、紫外-可见分光光度计对薄膜进行表征。针对SiO₂/ZrO₂双层膜,考虑到膜间渗透的影响,采用３层Cauchy模型进行椭偏模拟,椭偏参数的模拟值曲线与椭偏仪的测量值曲线十分吻合,进而发现热处理可以使SiO₂/ZrO₂双层膜之间的渗透减少近23 nm,从而提高其峰值透射率。利用输出波长1.064 mm,脉宽8.1 ns的激光束对样品进行了损伤阈值的测试,用光学显微镜观察损伤形貌,结果发现两者损伤阈值分别为13.6 J/c2和14.18 J/cm²,均为膜的本征损伤。     

C2H2分子受激Raman光谱中的光学Stark效应研究

本文研究了C₂H₂分子受激Raman光谱(SRS)中的光学斯塔克(Stark)效应,同时还研究了激光功率以及单一转动态量子数J与Stark效应的关系.实验表明:C₂H₂分子在高强度激光电场作用下,它的SRS由于光学Stark效应产生明显的非对称加宽,利用Stark线型加宽数值模拟,从理论上计算了Raman光谱线型,与实验的SRS线型比较,二者符合程度相当好.     

Molecular Dynamics Simulations for Melting Temperatures of SrF2 and BaF2

利用壳层模型分子动力学方法,考虑萤石结构分子中的预熔化现象,对SrF₂和BaF₂的分子动力学模拟熔化温度进行修正,获得了高压下SrF₂和BaF₂的熔化温度. 同时给出了300 K、0.1 Mpa～7GPa和0.1 Mpa～3 GPa时SrF₂和BaF₂的状态方程,与已有研究结果的最大误差分别为0.3%和2.2%. 计算所得SrF₂和BaF₂常压下的熔点与已有的实验结果符合较好. 对于SrF₂和BaF₂分子体积变化和已有的熔化模拟的差别也做了比较和讨论.     

Sound field prediction in long enclosures with branches: A combined method

The propagation of sound in long enclosures with branches has been studied theoretically and experimentally, and an efficient combined method is proposed to predict the sound field in long enclosures with branches. Based on the wave-acoustics theory, the theoretical analysis of the sound field of the long enclosures with branches is performed. This paper also investigated the sound field prediction of long enclosures with branches, by using the acoustic modeling program, ODEON. The results obtained by the theoretical analysis and the numerical simulation ODEON are compared with the experimental measurements, and the characteristics of the two methods for predicting the sound field of long enclosures with branches are analyzed. Compared with the experimental results, it is found that: (1) the results predicted by the theoretical analysis fluctuate relatively large with respect to the source-receiver distance, and the sound pressure level (SPL) attenuation obtained is smaller than that measured; and (2) the results predicted by the numerical simulation is smoother, and the calculated SPL attenuation is larger than that measured. To effectively predict the sound field of long enclosures with branches, a combined numerical method is thus proposed. The effectiveness of the proposed combined method is demonstrated by the scale-model experiments.     

球形粒子之间的声相互作用

本文讨论某种介质(其中包括许多球形粒子,例如浓悬浮体)对平面波的散射问题,计算了粒子之间的声相互作用场,从而得到了粒子的等效散射截面。当粒子大小比声波波长小很多时,可有如下的结论:(1)由于声相互作用,一个粒子的散射截面只有原来的Q倍,从几何上看,这是由于粒子的互相遮蔽的结果,其遮蔽因子为Q= |1-(γ₀A₀⁽¹⁾+γ₁A₁⁽¹⁾|²;(2)考虑到相互作用之后,散射系数与浓度不再是线性关系;(3)当粒子的尺度比声波波长小很多但比粘滞波波长大很多时,相互作用之后粒子的散射系数与频率的关系仍服从瑞利散射。但当粒子半径接近或小于粘滞波波长时,散射系数与频率的关系比四次方要高。 关键词：     

基于GaSe和ZnGeP2晶体差频产生可调谐太赫兹辐射的理论研究

基于非线性光学频率变换理论,采用已报道的利用非线性光学差频方法产生可调谐太赫兹波的实验条件作为理论分析的实验模型,计算模拟出在不同相位匹配条件下,GaSe和ZnGeP₂晶体差频的相位匹配角、走离角、允许角和有效非线性系数,并对计算结果进行了分析比较,总结出对应输出不同太赫兹波长的最佳相位匹配方式.计算结果为利用非线性晶体差频产生可调谐太赫兹辐射的实验研究提供深入和全面的理论基础. 关键词： 太赫兹波 GaSe晶体 2晶体')" href="#">ZnGeP₂晶体 差频     

X射线同轴轮廓成像中影响成像质量的若干因素研究

采用数字模拟方法较为系统地研究了光子能量、样品直径和散射强度对成像质量的影响，克服了已有实验结果的局限性.研究得到成像质量随光子能量的变化关系，模拟结果与已有实验结果相符.研究发现，当其他成像参数不变时，同一样品存在多个光子能量可实现相近的成像质量，且成像质量都较好，这可用于定量相衬成像中多图重构时图像的选择，也为对辐射剂量有要求的样品提供理论依据.得到了不同直径样品在成像质量最佳时所对应的样品到探测器距离，发现这一距离随样品直径的增加而增加.研究了样品厚度或折射率变化导致的散射X射线对成像质量的影响，发 关键词： X射线同轴轮廓成像 成像质量 X射线散射     

On the effect of the width of the scattering indicatrix on the dispersion of photon density waves in a strongly scattering medium

The dispersion of photon density waves in strongly scattering media with different widths of the scattering indicatrix is studied by the spherical harmonics method using approximations of various orders (up to the P ₇ approximation inclusive). It is shown that, beginning from the P ₃ approximation, the reduction in the velocity of photon density waves that is characteristic of the P ₁ approximation is eliminated and, independently of the width of the scattering indicatrix in the region of modulation frequencies exceeding 10¹⁰ Hz, the velocity of photon density waves asymptotically approaches the speed of light. Our study of the damping of photon density waves has shown that the formula obtained previously for the calculation of the damping coefficient (Imk(μ _s ^′ , ω)) as a function of the transport scattering coefficient and the velocity is valid at Imk ≤ μ_s (μ_s is the light scattering coefficient). The maximum growth in the damping coefficient of photon density waves with a further increase in the frequency is limited by the value of the light scattering coefficient Imk _max ≈ μ_s.     

The effect of scattering-medium parameters on signal magnitude under acousto-optic tomography

We have experimentally studied the influence of scattering anisotropy parameter g of a medium on the magnitude of signal S (visualization parameter) at an ultrasonic frequency that is registered upon acoustooptic tomography. Aqueous solutions of mixtures of cream and skimmed milk with different ratios between them were used as scattering media. The optical properties of media (absorption coefficient μ_a and reduced scattering coefficient μ′ _S ) have been measured on a spectrophotometer (Perkin-Elmer Lambda 950 UV-VIS-NIR) using the inverse adding-doubling technique. As a result of the investigation, we have found that there is a certain correlation between the value of the scattering anisotropy parameter g of aqueous solutions of investigated mixtures and the percentage of the mixture in the aqueous solution, which ensures the required small value of extinction coefficient μ of the scattering medium. An increase in signal S has been revealed with increasing anisotropy parameter g of the medium at a invariable value of extinction coefficient μ. We have concluded that, to solve an inverse problem on the acousto-optic tomography, it is necessary to take into account possible changes in the g factor in scattering media, including biological ones.     

阳离子表面活性剂三甲基溴化铵与硝酸铵相互作用的表面和热力学研究

本文系统研究了阳离子表面活性剂三甲基溴化铵和硝酸铵盐的表面现象和自聚集行为. 采用电导法和表面张力法研究在不同温度下阳离子表面活性剂三甲基溴化铵的表面性质和热力学性质. 通过表面张力测定得到临界胶束浓度、吸附自由能、胶束化的自由能、最小分子面积和表面过量浓度. 该研究表明,胶束化过程是自发放热反应. 电导测定结果确定了临界胶束浓度、电离程度和反离子结合度. 加入硝酸铵盐至表面活性剂溶液后,临界胶束浓度降低,电离程度和反离子结合度增加,更加有利于胶束化过程的自发. 该研究对进一步理解电解质和表面活性剂之间相互作用具有重要意义.     

Effects of substrate-induced-strain on the structural and transport properties of La0.7Ca0.3MnO3 thin films

We have studied the structural and electrical properties of epitaxial La_0.7Ca_0.3MnO₃ (LCMO) thin films prepared by metal organic deposition under different types and degrees of substrate-induced strain. 40-nm-thick films have been epitaxially grown on single-crystalline (LaAlO₃)_0.3?C(SrAlTaO₆)_0.7 (negligible tensile strain), SrTiO₃ (tensile strain) and LaAlO₃ (compressive strain) substrates. High-resolution X-ray diffraction and reciprocal space maps demonstrate a direct correlation between the crystalline quality and the substrate-induced strain. The electrical properties were found to be strongly dependent on the substrate used. The temperature dependence of resistivity curves was fitted using various approaches in different phases (below and above the ferromagnetic transition temperature T _P). In the ferromagnetic metallic phase, ??(T) follows a T ^?? power law. The obtained values of the coefficient ???(3.5?C4) indicate that the electrical transport in our films is a combination of spin wave scattering processes and electron?Cmagnon or two-magnon scattering phenomena. In the paramagnetic insulator phase, the activation energy E _A and the variable range hopping characteristics (characteristic temperature T ₀) were found to be strongly dependent on the strain-induced lattice mismatch between the LCMO and the substrate used.     

The influence of absorption factors on the sensitivity of a virtual room’s sound field to scattering coefficients

Currently there is limited information on what scattering coefficients (SCs) to assign materials in geometrical room acoustic computer models. As a result, room modelers rely on general guidelines and intuition when assigning SCs. How sensitive is the predicted sound field to the user’s choice of scattering coefficients? The sound field’s sensitivity depends on its diffusivity (without SCs); the more diffuse the room’s sound field is, the less sensitive the virtual room is to the selection of SCs. In rooms with no fittings to diffuse sound energy, the sound field diffusivity is influenced by (1) room shape, (2) volume, (3) amount and (4) location of absorption, and (5) the choice of SCs. This investigation focuses only on the latter three factors. A rectangular room is modeled in ODEON v6.5 with 10 absorption schemes. These schemes vary in terms of the area of mirrored reflective surfaces, average absorption coefficient, and standard deviation of absorption. The amount of diffuse reflections at each room boundary as dictated by the SC is increased uniformly in each room. Changes in the room sound field, in particular in the reverberation time (T30), are examined at each step. Sound field diffusivity, and consequently a virtual room model’s sensitivity to SCs, is found to depend most on the area of mirrored reflective surfaces. Also, a proposed quantity called the Scattering Sensitivity Index appears to predict sound field diffusivity.     

Nonlinear and nonlocal transport effects in simple fluids

Correlation function formulae for transport coefficients of 2nd order in arbitrarily dense fluids are derived, using a modified Chapman-Enskog solution of the Liouville equation. Some static correlations are neglected. Approximate evaluation for dilute gases gives essentially the same results as the solution of Boltzmann's equation. As an application higher order transport effects in the critical region are estimated. It is conjectured that they are apparent in sound absorption and the line width of Rayleigh scattering if (T?T_c)/T _c?10^?3.