Na3GdSi2O7:Tb3+荧光粉发光特性及Gd3+→Tb3+之间的能量传递

采用高温固相法合成了Na3Gd1-xTbxSi2O7(x=0.01,0.02,0.04,0.06,0.08,0.1)系列荧光粉。研究了荧光粉的真空紫外-可见发光光谱和荧光寿命,讨论了Tb3+在扭曲八面体结构(标示为Gd(1)3+)和正三棱柱构型(标示为Gd(2)3+)两种格位中的最低5d轨道能级。同时研究了Gd3+→Tb3+之间无辐射能量传递速率K和无辐射能量传递效率η。研究结果表明:Tb3+在Gd(1)3+格位中的最低允许跃迁和禁戒跃迁的5d轨道能级分别位于235 nm和280 nm,在Gd(2)3+格位中的最低允许跃迁和禁戒跃迁的5d轨道能级分别位于224nm和256 nm。随着Tb3+浓度的增加,能量传递效率及速率显著增大,说明在Na3Gd1-xTbxSi2O7中存在有效的Gd3+-Tb3+能量传递。     

Er~(3+),Yb~(3+)共掺杂的NaYF_4荧光粉的制备及下转换发光研究

采用高温固相法合成了Er3+、Yb3+共掺杂的NaYF4荧光粉。XRD测量数据表明合成的样品为纯相。测量了样品的激发谱和发射谱,证明377 nm的紫外光通过量子剪裁的形式将能量传递给一个Yb3+,发射一个975 nm的红外光子,再从4F9/2能级跃迁到基态发射一个红外光子。测量了377 nm激发下,监测541 nm的发光寿命曲线,计算得到最大的量子效率为126.35%。通过监测Yb3+的975 nm的近红外发射,证明了Er3+的4F7/2和2H11/2能级通过下转换的形式将吸收的485 nm和519 nm的能量传递给Yb3+。这种将Er3+在可见光波段的多种光子能量传递给Yb3+发射975 nm的近红外光子的思想在以前的研究中从未被提出。     

下转换材料β-NaYF4:Tb3+,Yb3+的水热法合成和发光性质研究

利用水热法合成了粉末发光材NaYF4∶Tb3+,Yb3+。分别用X射线衍射(XRD),光致发光谱(PL)和激发谱(PLE)测试了合成材料的物相结构和发光性质。研究结果表明:合成的NaYF4∶Tb3+,Yb3+材料为六方相的晶体,无立方相的。改变Tb3+和Yb3+的掺杂浓度后晶格结构没有变化,说明离子Tb3+和Yb3+取代的是Y3+离子的晶格位置。在355nm脉冲激光激发下,检测到了Tb3+的5 D3→7 FJ(J=5-0)和5 D4→7 FJ(J=6,5,4,3)可见波段特征发射光和Yb3+950～1 050nm(2 F5/2→2 F7/2)的近红外发光,研究了可见和近红外的发射强度随Yb3+掺杂浓度的变化,表明Tb3+和Yb3+之间存在能量传递,其可能的能量传递方式是共合作能量传递过程。当Tb3+和Yb3+的掺杂摩尔浓度分别是1mol%和6mol%时具有最强的近红外发射。     

纳米相氟氧化物玻璃陶瓷中Er3+Yb3+离子对的量子剪裁发光造成的强的光谱调制

研究了纳米相氟氧化物玻璃陶瓷中Er3+Yb3+离子对的量子剪裁发光造成的强的光谱调制现象。测量了Er3+Yb3+双掺纳米相氟氧化物玻璃陶瓷的X射线衍射谱、表面形貌、激发光谱、吸收光谱、和发光光谱;而且也与Tb3+Yb3+双掺纳米相氟氧化物玻璃陶瓷的相对应的光谱参数进行了比较。发现378 nm光激发样品(A) Er(1%)Yb(8.0%)∶FOV和样品(B) Er(0.5%)Yb(3.0%)∶FOV所导致的652.0 nm红色发光强度为522 nm光激发时的680.85倍和303.80倍;我们还发现378 nm光激发所导致的样品(A) Er(1%)Yb(8.0%)∶FOV和样品(B) Er(0.5%)Yb(3.0%)∶FOV的 652.0 nm红色发光强度为样品(C) Er(0.5%)∶FOV 的491.05和184.12倍。我们还发现在378 nm光激发时的样品(A) Er(1%)Yb(8.0%)∶FOV和样品(B) Er(0.5%)Yb(3.0%)∶FOV的{978.0和1 012.0 nm}红外发光强度依次分别为样品(C) Er(0.5%)∶FOV 的{58.00和293.62}倍和{25.11和 67.50}倍。更进一步,对于652.0 nm波长发光的激发谱,发现(A) Er(1%)Yb(8.0%)∶FOV和(B) Er(0.5%)Yb(3.0%)∶FOV的378.5 nm激发谱峰强度是(C) Er(0.5%)∶FOV的大约606.02和199.83倍。同时,也发现样品(A) Er(1%)Yb(8.0%)∶FOV和样品(B) Er(0.5%)Yb(3.0%)∶FOV的一级量子剪裁红外1 012或978 nm发光强度为样品(D) Tb(0.7%)Yb(5.0%)∶FOV的二级量子剪裁红外976 nm发光强度的101.38和29.19倍。发现的该量子剪裁是目前所报道的最强的量子剪裁。因此,相信所发现的氟氧化物纳米玻璃陶瓷中Er3+Yb3+离子对的一级量子剪裁发光是强的可以作为量子剪裁层应用到提高晶硅太阳能电池的发电效率。研究结果也能加速对目前国际热点的下一代环保的光谱调制太阳能电池的探索。     

Tb~(3+)和Yb~(3+)掺杂Y_2O_3发光粉体的制备和近红外量子剪裁研究

采用共沉淀法制备了Y2O3∶Tb3+和Y2O3∶Tb3+,Yb3+两种样品。通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)和荧光光谱仪分析和测试了样品的形貌、微结构和室温下的荧光光谱,得到了不同掺杂浓度、退火温度、溶液pH值下Y2O3∶Tb3+的最优工艺制备条件:Tb3+浓度1.5%、退火温度1 400℃、溶液偏碱性环境下,样品在300nm光激发下于543nm处有最大绿光发射。详细分析了Tb3+能级结构和跃迁属性与实验光谱的对应关系,阐述了工艺条件的影响机理和主要影响样品发光的荧光猝灭效应。制备的Y2O3∶Tb3+,Yb3+粉体,敏化离子Tb3+与激活离子Yb3+间存在能量传递过程,使样品在近红外区有可观的发光,从能级角度对两离子间的合作下转换发光过程进行了描述,同样分析了该体系下的荧光猝灭过程。实验证明近红外量子剪裁可有效提高掺杂离子的发光效率,在硅太阳能电池等领域有广阔的应用前景。     

大气环境下合成白光发射的Tb3+/Eu3+共掺杂全无机卤化物钙钛矿量子点

为克服因混合不同卤化物钙钛矿量子点发生阴离子交换反应、不稳定的红光发射卤化物钙钛矿量子点等而导致在获取白光发射方面存在的不足,提出了一种可以在大气环境下合成Tb³⁺,Eu³⁺稀土离子共掺杂全无机卤化物钙钛矿量子点的方法。调节Tb³⁺,Eu³⁺稀土离子的掺杂比例,调控从钙钛矿量子点主晶格到Tb³⁺和Eu³⁺离子的能量转移,获得了单一组分、白光发射的钙钛矿量子点(Tb,Eu):CsPbCl3和(Tb,Eu):CsPb(Cl/Br)3,并对量子点的形貌、结构、发光性能及能量传递机理和稳定性进行了详细研究。研究结果表明:在365nm激光激发下,不同含量Tb³⁺/Eu³⁺离子共掺杂的钙钛矿量子点(Tb,Eu):CsPbCl3发射光谱对应的色坐标位于1931色度图中的白光区域。在进料比PbCl2∶TbCl3∶EuCl3为1∶1.5∶1时,量子产率为3.59%,比纯的CsPbCl3量子点的量子产率(0.57%)提高了6倍。进一步研究发现,该(Tb,Eu):CsPbCl3量子点在空气中储存2个月之后,量子产率几乎保持不变(3.63%),保持了良好的稳定性。此外,研究了采用不同溶剂(正辛烷、十八烯)合成Tb³⁺/Eu³⁺共掺杂钙钛矿量子点的发光特性。Tb³⁺/Eu³⁺离子共掺杂的钙钛矿量子点(Tb,Eu):CsPbCl3可实现单一组分的白光发射,有良好的稳定性,具备一定的应用前景。     

Yb3+和Er3+共掺杂的Y2O3,Y2O2S和NaYS2粉末材料的上转换发光

在980 nm LED激光器激发下,研究了Yb3+-Er3+共掺杂的Y2O3,Y2O2S和NaYS2粉末材料的上转换发射特性。比较了Y2O3∶0.20 Yb3+,0.03Er3+和Y2O2S∶0.20 Yb3+,0.03Er3+以及NaYS2:0.20 Yb3+,0.03Er3+粉末样品的上转换发光光谱,探讨了Er3+上转换发射对基质的依赖性,分析了S2--Yb3+和S2--Er3+电荷转移态对Yb3+-Er3+间能量传递和能级间跃迁几率的影响,借助于能级图解释了在不同基质中Yb3+-Er3+间的能量传递和Er3+的上转换发光机制。     

CaSnO3∶Tb3+绿色长余辉荧光粉的制备与发光性质的研究

采用高温固相法合成了CaSnO3∶Tb3+绿色长余辉荧光粉。利用X射线衍射分析了CaSnO3∶Tb3+物相结构。研究了Tb3+浓度对样品发光强度的影响,结果显示:随Tb3+浓度的增大,发射光谱强度先增大后减小,出现了浓度猝灭效应,Tb3+的最佳摩尔分数为0.3%。发射光谱由4个主要发射峰组成,峰中心分别位于492,546,588,623 nm处,以Tb3+的5D4→7F5(546 nm)跃迁发射为最强。对样品的温度特性进行了测量,通过对数据进行拟合得到样品的激活能为0.58 eV,陷阱深度为0.622 eV。最后,给出了CaSnO3∶Tb3+绿色长余辉荧光粉可能的余辉发光机理。     

方波激发下Ho3+上转换绿色发光粉的激发机理

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了BaGd2ZnO5:Yb3+,Ho3+的发光材料,测量了样品在不同激发密度下的上转换光发射光谱。用方波调制的971 nm LD激光激发样品得到上转换绿光发射的上升和衰减变化曲线,通过建立Ho3+离子5F4(5S2)和5I6能级及Yb3+离子2F5/2能级的速率方程,并利用速率方程对绿光的上升和衰减过程进行拟合,确定了Yb3+离子2F5/2能级寿命及Ho3+离子5F4(5S2)和5I6的能级寿命,并证实在Ho3+离子能级粒子数布居趋于稳定时,Yb3+→Ho3+的能量传递是Ho3+离子5F4(5S2)能级粒子的主要布居途径,而激发态吸收对粒子布居数的贡献较小。     

GdBO3：Pr3+，Yb3+中Pr3+到Yb3+的能量传递及发光性质

采用高温固相法制备了一系列单掺或双掺Pr3+和Yb3+的GdBO3材料,分别测试分析了材料的物相结构和发光性质。在446 nm蓝光( Pr3+：3 H4→3 P2)激发下,检测到Yb3+的近红外特征发射,表明样品中存在Pr3+到Yb3+的能量传递。 Pr3+的掺杂浓度一定时,样品的发光会随着Yb3+掺杂浓度的改变而发生变化。通过对比不同掺杂情况下Pr3+：3 P0能级的衰减曲线,发现随着Yb3+的掺杂浓度的增加,该能级的荧光寿命不断缩短;同时利用不同条件下的衰减特性计算得出不同 Yb3+掺杂浓度样品的能量传递效率。用 Inokuti-Hirayama模型分析表明Pr3+-Yb3+能量传递类型为偶极子-偶极子相互作用。     

CH(CH3)3 的耦合CH伸缩和弯曲振动的纠缠

以不同的多极量子数和初态,我们用约化的线性熵研究CH(CH3)3 的耦合CH伸缩和弯曲振动的动力学纠缠,结果表明：在多极量子数大于等于３时,态|0,2N>的最大纠缠能在较短的时间内得到;态|N,0>的纠缠振荡频率比态|0,2N>的要小,而振荡的幅度要大．     

2018年5期 电子期刊

研究了不同Mn/Pb量比的Mn掺杂CsPbCl₃（Mn：CsPbCl₃）钙钛矿量子点的发光性质。Mn/Pb的量比增加引起的Mn²⁺发光峰的红移,被认为是来源于高浓度Mn²⁺掺杂下的Mn²⁺-Mn²⁺对。进一步研究了Mn：CsPbCl₃量子点的发光效率与Mn/Pb的量比之间的关系,发现随着量比达到5：1时,其发光效率明显下降。这种发光效率下降是由于Mn掺杂浓度引起的发光猝灭。Mn：CsPbCl₃量子点的变温发光光谱证实,随着温度的升高,Mn离子发光峰蓝移,线宽加宽,但其发光强度明显增加。     

Optimal Phase-Covariant Cloning in 3 Dimensions

In this paper, we present the explicit transformations of the optimal 1 → 3, 4, 5 phase-covariant cloning in 3 dimensions. The cloning fidelities are covered by the theoretical bounds of the optimal 1 → 3k, 3k + 1, 3k + 2 phase-covariant cloning of qutrits, where k ≥ 1 is the integral [Phys. Rev. A 67 (2003) 042306].     

用于GaAs太阳能电池的NaYF4中Tb3+-Er3+耦合对的光谱转换

观测到一种以Tb³⁺-Er³⁺进行光谱转换的量子剪裁现象。一个高能紫外光子(Tb³⁺的⁷F₆→⁵L₁)被量子剪裁成两个低能光子:一个是近红外光子(Er³⁺的⁴I_9/2→⁴I_15/2),另一个是蓝色光子(Tb³⁺的⁵D₄→⁷F₆),它们两个 都可以被GaAs太阳能电池有效地吸收。量子剪裁效率高达188%,接近理论极限的200%。从Tb³⁺(⁵L₁→ ⁵D₄) 到Er³⁺(⁴I_15/2→⁴I_9/2)的能量传递的能量失配是237 cm^-1,比NaYF₄中的声子能400 cm^-1小,能量传递是近共振的。Tb³⁺施主间的能量迁移可以近似地用扩散模型处理, 从Tb³⁺-Er³⁺对之间能量传递的初始过程发现,偶极-偶极相互作用占主导地位。     

Downconversion for Solar Cells in YF3:Pr3+, Yb3+

ABSTRACT

Energy losses in solar cells caused by the spectral mismatch can be reduced by adapting the solar spectrum using a downconversion material where one higher energy visible photon is ‘cut' into two lower energy near-infrared photons that both can be absorbed by the solar cell. Downconversion with the (Pr³⁺, Yb³⁺) couple in YF₃ is investigated. Based on analysis of luminescence and diffuse reflectance spectra it is evident that two-step energy transfer takes place from the ³P₀ level of Pr³⁺ (around 490 nm) exciting two Yb³⁺ to the ²F_5/2 level giving emission around 980 nm. The transfer efficiency increases with Yb³⁺ concentration and is 86% for YF₃ doped with 0.5% Pr³⁺ and 30% Yb³⁺. Due to concentration quenching the intensity of emission from Yb³⁺ is strongly reduced and the ²F_5/2 emission intensity reaches a maximum for the sample with 0.5% Pr³⁺ and 2–5% Yb³⁺ at 300 K. Temperature dependent measurements reveal the role of the Pr^{3+ 1}G₄ level in the energy transfer between Pr³⁺ and Yb³⁺. Back-transfer of excitation energy from the Yb^{3+ 2}F_5/2 level to the ¹G₄ level of Pr³⁺ occurs and quenches the Yb³⁺ emission. The quenching is shown to become more efficient between 4 and 50 K due to faster phonon-assisted energy transfer between the Yb³⁺ donors. Upon raising the temperature from 50 to 300 K, the luminescence life time of the Yb³⁺ emission increases again because the small energy difference between the Pr³⁺ (¹G₄) level and the Yb³⁺ (²F_5/2) level (～300 cm^?1) which makes the ¹G₄ less efficient as a trap for the excitation energy. The present results give insight into factors involved in the concentration quenching in downconversion materials based on the (Pr³⁺, Yb³⁺) couple.     

Polarization-Dependent Mode Analyzer and Controlled-Z Gate in Ti:LiNbO3 Quantum Photonic Circuits

Abstract

On-chip integrated photonic circuits are crucial for further progress toward quantum technologies and in the science of quantum optics. The quantum controlled-Z gate is an example of the maximally entangling gate, which is universal for quantum computing when coupled with single-qubit gates. This article demonstrates a deterministic controlled-Z photonic quantum gate based on titanium in-diffused channel waveguides in which polarization and modal degrees of freedom of a single photon are used for encoding the control and target qubits, respectively.     

Industry 4.0 Quantum Strategic Organizational Design Configurations. The Case of 3 Qubits: Two Report to One

The goal of this work is to explore how the relationship between two subordinates reporting to a leader influences the alignment of the latter with the company’s strategic objectives in an Industry 4.0 environment. We do this through the implementation of quantum circuits that represent decision networks. In fact, through the quantum simulation of strategic organizational design configurations (QSOD) through five hundred quantum circuit simulations. We conclude that the alignment probability of the leader is never higher than the average alignment value of his subordinates, i.e., the leader never has a better alignment than his subordinates. In other words, the leader cannot present asymptotic stability better than that of his subordinates. The most relevant conclusion of this work is the clear recommendation to the leaders of Industry 4.0 not to add hierarchical levels to their organization if they have not achieved high levels of stability in the lower levels.     

Industry 4.0 Quantum Strategic Organizational Design Configurations. The Case of 3 Qubits: One Reports to Two

In this work we explore how the relationship between one subordinate reporting to two leaders influences the alignment of the latter with the company’s strategic objectives in an Industry 4.0 environment. We do this through the implementation of quantum circuits that represent decision networks. This is done for two cases: One in which the leaders do not communicate with each other, and one in which they do. Through the quantum simulation of strategic organizational design configurations (QSOD) through 500 quantum circuit simulations, we conclude that in the first case both leaders are not simultaneously in alignment, and in the second case that both reporting nodes need to have an alignment probability higher than 90% to support the leader node.     

NPB/Alq3有机量子阱光电特性研究

利用热蒸发的方法制备了有机量子阱发光器件和Alq3单层发光器件,其中NPB(N,N′-Di-[(lnaphthalenyl)-N,N′-diphenyl]-(1,1′-biphenyl)-4,4′-diamine)作垒层,Alq3(Tris-(8-quinolinolato) aluminum)作阱层,量子阱结构类似于无机半导体的Ⅱ型量子阱结构.实验发现有机量子阱发光器件结构中存在垒层向阱层的F(o)rster无辐射共振能量转移,具有良好的电流-电压特性,光谱的窄化及蓝移,并且光谱的蓝移程度随电压的增大而逐渐增强.