微波消解-石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定印钞油墨中砷

采用石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定印钞油墨中总砷的含量。样品经硝酸-过氧化氢混合溶液微波消解,以硝酸镍作为基体改进剂,在优化的仪器工作参数下,砷的质量浓度在20μg.L-1以内与其吸光度呈线性关系,检出限(3s/k)为0.84μg.L-1,方法的回收率在92.5%～104.3%之间。     

钛催化十六烷基三甲基溴化铵活化H2O2氧化甲基绿褪色动力学光度法测定痕量Ti（Ⅳ）

基于在稀H2SO4介质中及90℃条件下,痕量Ti(Ⅳ)对十六烷基三甲基溴化铵活化H2O2氧化甲基绿褪色反应有明显的催化作用,据此建立了催化动力学光度法测定痕量Ti(Ⅳ)的分析方法。优化了实验条件。非催化反应(吸光度为A0)与催化反应(吸光度为A)在波长631nm处的吸光度差值△A与Ti(Ⅳ)的质量浓度ρ在0.03～1.50μg/25 mL范围内呈良好的线性关系,检出限为7.488×10-10g/mL。在25 mL溶液中对1.0μg Ti(Ⅳ)标准溶液测定12次,相对标准偏差为1.3%。测定了动力学参数,反应为准一级反应,表观速率常数为5.72×10-4/s,表观活化能为41.78 kJ/mol。该分析方法用于炼钢烧结矿中痕量Ti(Ⅳ)的测定,样品中钛含量与对照值吻合较好,RSD(n=6)为0.18%和0.22%,回收率在98%～101%,符合痕量分析要求。     

比色法测定水中As(Ⅲ)和As(Ⅴ)含量

采用钼蓝比色法测定水中As(Ⅲ)和As(Ⅴ)的含量,实验优化了测定As(Ⅲ)和As(Ⅴ)的条件。结果表明,显色温度在24~28℃范围,配合物在40min后吸光度达到最大;显色温度高于30℃时,还原剂不稳定导致配合物吸光度一直增大;增大抗坏血酸的量可以消除过量的氧化剂对配合物显色的影响,过量的还原剂对配合物显色无影响;砷的检测在5~100μg/L范围线性良好,线性相关系数为0.9989;检出限为5μg/L;相对标准偏差为2.1%~5.9%。采用该方法测定实际水样中无机砷的含量,砷的加标回收率在98.2%~104.5%之间。     

1,10-二氮杂菲分光光度法测定金属硅中铁

研究了1,10-二氮杂菲分光光度法测定铁的酸度条件以及共存离子的影响,建立了1,10-二氮杂菲分光光度法测定金属硅中铁含量的方法。实验表明,在pH4~6的HAC-NaAC缓冲溶液中,铁质量浓度在0.50～5.0 μg/ml范围内吸光度线性良好,线性回归方程为y=0.00140x(μg/100mL)+0.0003,R2=0.9999。试液中其他共存离子不干扰测定。按照实验方法测定2个金属硅样品中铁的结果与电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法和X射线荧光光谱法的测定值均基本一致,于6个不同实验室应用实验方法测定样品和标准样品中铁的结果均与标准值吻合;方法用于实际样品中0.053%～0.77%铁的测定,相对标准偏差(RSD,n=22)为1.27%～2.45%。     

湿法消解–石墨炉原子吸收标准加入法测定土壤中的镉

土壤样品经过硝酸–氢氟酸于130℃加热回流处理后,采用石墨炉原子吸收标准加入法测定半消解样品中镉的含量。以5%氯化铵或0.1%硝酸钯作为化学改进剂,灰化温度为500℃、原子化温度为2 000℃。当标准系列吸光度在0.18以内时,镉标准溶液的质量浓度在0~3.0μg/L内与吸光度呈良好的线性,相关系数r=0.998 6,方法的检出限为0.02 mg/kg,实际样品测定结果的相对标准偏差为3.93%~5.30%(n=5)。用该法与国标方法对土壤标准样品进行测定,两种方法测定结果一致。该法快速、简便,适用于土壤中镉含量的快速检测。     

氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法测定铝合金中痕量砷

建立了测定铝合金中痕量砷HG-AFS分析方法.采用王水溶解样品,在硫脲和抗坏血酸的存在下将As(Ⅴ)还原为As(Ⅲ),以KBH4溶液(20g/L)作为还原剂,HCl(5+95)溶液作为载流,用原子荧光光谱法测定样品中痕量砷.在选定的实验务件下,方法的线性范围为0.05～40μg/L,线性回归方程为,If=108.17+272.49ρ(μg/L),相关系数r=0.9997,检出限0.019μg/L.并与ICP-AES法进行了对照试验.     

原子荧光光谱法测定食品添加剂山梨酸钾中砷含量

采用微波消解法处理样品,建立了原子荧光光谱法测定食品添加剂山梨酸钾中砷含量的方法。实验结果表明,方法的检出限为3.1μg/kg,砷的质量浓度在5~50μg/L范围内,回归方程为:y=91.199x-20.113,r=0.999 9。平均回收率为84.4%~96.8%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为2.4%(n=6)。方法线性关系良好,检出限低,准确度高,精密度好,能够快速准确地检测出食品添加剂中砷的含量,满足食品添加剂山梨酸钾检测工作的要求。     

悬浮液进样-基体改进石墨炉原子吸收法直接测定松香中微量砷

建立了采用悬浮液进样-基体改进石墨炉原子吸收光谱法直接测定松香中微量砷的分析方法。以无水乙醇为样品润湿剂,硝酸钯为基体改进剂,考察了样品粒度、悬浮剂浓度、样品用量、基体改进剂的选择及用量、原子化温度及常见共存离子等因素对测定结果的影响。在优化的实验条件下,方法对砷的检出限(3σ)为0.061μg/g,相对标准偏差(RSD)为3.77%,加标回收率在97.8%～102.2%之间。与干灰化预处理法进行对照实验,测定结果无显著性差异。     

流动注射-氢化物发生-原子吸收光谱法测定中草药中砷

中草药样品经硝酸-高氯酸-硫酸消化处理后,在酸性条件下用硫脲和抗坏血酸将砷(Ⅴ)还原为砷(Ⅲ),然后再以硼氢化钾为还原剂,稀盐酸为载液,用流动注射氢化物发生原子吸收光谱法测定砷含量.砷的质量浓度在1.6～32.0 μg·L-1范围内与其吸光度呈线性关系,检出限(3s/k)为0.32 μg·L-1.用此方法分析了3种草药样品,砷的测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)在5.1%～8.1%之间,加标回收率在91.4%～106.1%之间.     

酶联免疫吸附分析法测定水产品及水中孔雀石绿和无色孔雀石绿

本文报道一种同时测定水产品及水样中孔雀石绿(MG)和无色孔雀石绿(LMG)的间接竞争酶联免疫吸附分析法。对无色孔雀石绿分子进行修饰,使其与载体蛋白交联,得到免疫原和包被抗原,经过多次免疫动物制得抗无色孔雀石绿的多克隆抗体。在优化的实验条件下,IC50值(标准曲线中吸光度抑制至最大吸光度值的50%时所对应的待测物浓度)为0.9~2.6μg/L,检出限为0.02~0.10μg/L,无色孔雀石绿在水样及水产品中的回收率为76.2~95.0%,与孔雀石绿的交叉反应率为95.25%。真实样品测定中,两种食用鱼养殖水样及一个鱼样中未检出孔雀石绿和无色孔雀石绿,但在观赏鱼养殖水样及另一鱼样中检出孔雀石绿和无色孔雀石,浓度分别为1.84μg/L和1.38μg/L。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Microwave-assisted copper-catalyzed stereoselective ring expansion of three-membered heterocycles with α-diazo-β-dicarbonyl compounds

Microwave-assisted copper-catalyzed ring expansions of three-membered heterocycles with α-diazo-β-dicarbonyl compounds were investigated. Thiiranes generated 3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiines in the presence of copper sulfate and trans-3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiines as stereospecific products for 1,2-disubstituted cis-thiiranes through an intramolecular S_N2 process. Oxiranes gave rise to 2-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-dioxines under the catalysis of copper hexafluoroacetylacetonate and cis-3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-dioxines as stereospecific products for 1,2-disubstituted cis-oxiranes via an intimate ion-pair mechanism. The current method provides a direct and simple strategy in efficient preparation of 3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiines and 2-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-dioxines, important agents in medicinal and agricultural chemistry, from readily available thiiranes and oxiranes, respectively.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).