捕捉瞬间,“问”出精彩——浅谈初中数学课堂的有效提问策略

课堂提问是教师实现师生有效互动的重要教学手段,目前的课堂提问教学中常存在一些问题,如缺乏设置、针对性不强等,而在问题回答导向上往往出现较大偏差.因此,在课堂教学提问实践中,应深入剖析提问中存在的突出问题,提高课堂提问的运用技巧以及策略,有效保证教学的质量和效率.     

初中数学课堂有效提问的特征与实施策略

课堂提问是一种重要的教学手段,是师生之间进行对话和交流的重要方式,在教学中有检查评估、启迪思维、引导学习等多种功能.而课堂提问作为一种教学行为,它不仅仅指教师向学生发问这种单向行为,还包括学生的回答以及教师对回答情况作出的评价与反馈.在热闹的数学课堂背后,课堂提问存在着一些问题:如问题设计不准确、提问重"量"轻"质"、提问空洞导致学生机械作答等.什么样的提     

品味提问艺术，优化解题教学

课堂提问是数学教学中师生之间交流的重要手段.数学解题教学中的提问并非是简单的问答式,而是激发学生思维的方式与艺术,更是实现有效教学的重要手段.本文研究者从自身多年的教学实践中积累和总结的经验延伸开来,阐述了凸显层次性、体现探究性、注重针对性、彰显主体性的课堂提问策略,达到优化解题教学的效果.     

试论课堂提问的“窍门”

在高考改革的背景下,如何提高课堂效率是摆在每位高中数学教师面前的重要问题.设计有效的课堂提问是提高课堂效率的重要途径.笔者从课堂提问的作用、提问的原则、提问的技巧三方面阐述课堂提问的“窍门”。课堂提问对教师的专业水平提出了更高的要求,要设计一组有效的课堂提问,教师必须对教材了然于胸,明确每个知识点的发生过程,充分了解学生的知识掌握程度,并能根据学生回答随时应变修正,从而完成教学任务,努力培养学生的思维能力和良好的思维习惯.     

促进高效数学教学的课堂提问策略

提问,是课堂中必不可少的一种重要交流活动.没有提问,课堂缺少生气;没有提问,学生缺少动力;没有提问,教和学产生分离;提问是促进学生学习动力的源泉,是教学相互交流的主要渠道,是营造良好课堂氛围、提高教学效益的主要教学手段.但提问不是处处可用,不是时时有效或者高效;那么什么样的提问能够促进课堂达到高效呢?所提问题能够最大程度的发挥其激发兴趣、拓展思路、启迪思维的功能[1],能使课堂由教师的单方行为真正变为师生的共同行为,才能真正发挥提问应有的功效[2].如何实现这些功能,这就涉及到提问艺术和策略.提问艺术相对于提问技能,它充满了教学智慧,这种艺术不仅体现于问题本身,还体现于提问方式、组织形式、问题解决方式以及问题讨论方式等各个环节中.本文将以"圆周角"这堂课的两种上法(分别即为A和B)为例,来探讨如何更好的用提问开展高效率教学?     

课堂教学中常见教学行为的反思

人类自古以来就具有反思意识,在我国古代有“反求诸己”、“扪心自问”、“吾日三省吾身”等至理名言.反思是个体乃至整个群体成熟的一个重要标志.反思教学实践的思想,主张从一般的推理和行为方式中突破出来,更清楚地、更全面地了解自己的教学行为.本文通过数学教学中常见的课堂提问、学习评价、师生对话等教学行为的反思,感受反思的思想、方法与价值.一、课堂提问课堂提问是数学教学中最基本的教学行为,是了解教学信息的途径之一.教学的艺术全在于如何恰当地提出问题和巧妙地引导学生作答.课堂提问应充分体现启发性、渐近性、层次性、适时…     

有效性——课堂提问的基本原则

课堂教学的主要目标是使学生获取知识、形成技能、训练思维 ,而课堂提问是实现这一目标的重要手段 .因此 ,如何提高课堂提问的有效性 ,就成为一个值得研究的问题 .本文结合数学科的教学对此作初步探讨 ,并约定 :课堂提问的有效性是指在课堂教学中教师根据教学目标 ,结合学生的认知水平设计问题、引导学生开展思维、探索正确答案时学生的接受度与效率 .1　课堂提问要有科学性和针对性课堂提问要紧扣教学目标和教材内容 ,即教师首先应对教材进行分析 ,明确本节课在整个教材中的地位 ,明了本节知识点与其它知识点的联系 ,明晰考纲要求 .并以此…     

数学教学中提问的误区与对策

课堂提问是课堂教学活动的有机组成部分,合理的课堂提问有助于启发学生积极思考,沟通师生的情感交流,调节课堂气氛;课堂提问还是教师诊断学生学习状况,有效改进教学的基本手段.所以,“教学的艺术全在于如何恰当地提出问题和巧妙地引导学生作答.“但在实际教学中,往往由于不太注意课堂提问的艺术和策略,影响了学生的积极思维和学习效果.提问的问题主要有以下几点.……     

数学课堂高效提问的实践探索

课堂提问是课堂教学中普遍采用的一种教学手段.本文结合数学教学拟就课堂提问的作用、原则与方法,作初步阐析.     

有效提问 问出精彩

课堂提问是教师与学生之间相互交流的一种方式.基于理论研究与教学实践，提出有效的问题，问出精彩的教学路径.课前优化提问，使学生注意力集中，实现高效课堂；课堂引入提问，激发学生好奇心，引发学生进行问题的价值判断；概念教学提问，通过设疑释疑，促进学生理解概念的本质；例题教学提问，由浅入深，逐步揭示问题本质.     

对数学创新能力的认识与思考

培养学生数学创新能力是当前数学教育的一个重要目标.数学创新能力的内涵可以从潜在的认知过程和显现的认知结果两个方面去认识.因此,对学生数学创新能力的培养可从以下三个方面去展开:一是培养学生有条件的质疑精神;二是教师具有良好创新素质;三是革新教学方法,实施情境—问题教学模式.     

Similarities and differences in teachers’ questioning in German and Japanese mathematics classrooms

This study aims to capture similarities and differences in teachers’ questioning in German and Japanese mathematics classrooms, specifically focusing on the stage of introducing new mathematical content. The author analyzed consecutive mathematics classes taught by experienced teachers in Germany and Japan, who were recruited based on their locally defined “teaching competence” in the Learner’s Perspective Study. The results revealed that even questions that required students to recall previously learned content or provide the results of a calculation, which were regarded as lower cognitive questions in previous studies, played key roles at the stage of introducing new mathematical content in both German and Japanese classrooms. Further, distinctive patterns in the sequences of teachers’ questioning were identified. These differences suggest what is valued as quality mathematics teaching in each educational system.     

Collaborative Curriculum Investigation as a Vehicle for Teacher Enhancement and Mathematics Curriculum Reform

The Missouri Middle Mathematics (M³) Project is an NSF-funded 3-year professional development project involving teacher/administrator teams from districts statewide. Project activities focus on collaborative investigation of emerging reform-based middle school mathematics curricula to support individual and systemic reform. Collaborative review and field-testing of material facilitates awareness and exploration of alternative instructional and assessment strategies and informed decision making. Early indicators of the model's success are reflected in participants’ enthusiasm and professional growth. Project activities stimulate discussions of critical topics including questioning appropriateness of various teaching practices, research about teaching and learning, tracking policies, appropriate assessment models for gauging student learning and the importance of calculators and manipulatives as teaching and learning tools. These discussions transcend curriculum materials being reviewed and serve as a powerful vehicle for professional growth and development for individual teachers and districts.     

Educating for Good Questioning: a Tool for Intellectual Virtues Education

Questioning is a familiar, everyday practice which we use, often unreflectively, in order to gather information, communicate with each other, and advance our inquiries. Yet, not all questions are equally effective and not all questioners are equally adept. Being a good questioner requires a degree of proficiency and judgment, both in determining what to ask and in deciding who, where, when, and how to ask. Good questioning is an intellectual skill. Given its ubiquity and significance, it is an intellectual skill that, I believe, we should educate for. In this paper, I present a central line of argument in support of educating for good questioning, namely, that it plays an important role in the formation of an individual’s intellectual character and can thereby serve as a valuable pedagogical tool for intellectual character education. I argue that good questioning plays two important roles in the cultivation of intellectual character: good questioning (1) stimulates intellectually virtuous inquiry and (2) contributes to the development of several of the individual intellectual virtues. Insofar as the cultivation of intellectually virtuous character is a desirable educational objective, we should educate for good questioning.     

Student teachers’ types of probing questions in inquiry-based mathematics teaching with and without GeoGebra

Previous studies have produced several typologies of teacher questions in mathematics. Probing questions that ask students to explain are often included in the types of questions. However, only rare studies have created subtypes for probing questions or investigated how questioning differs depending on whether technology is used or not. The aims of this study are to elaborate on different ways of asking students to give explanations in inquiry-based mathematics teaching and to investigate whether questioning in GeoGebra lessons differs from questioning in other lessons. Data was collected by video recording 29 Finnish mathematics student teachers’ lessons in secondary and upper secondary schools. The lesson videos were coded for the student teachers’ probing questions. After this, categories for the types of probing questions were created, which is elaborated in this paper. It was found that the student teachers who used GeoGebra emphasized conceptual probing questions during the explore phase of a lesson slightly more than the other student teachers.     

Authentic and Simulated Professional Development: Teachers Reflect What is Modeled

Science is a dynamic discipline, representative of the nature of science. Yet, young science students continue to think everything is already discovered. In this study, we examine why students are not actively doing science. From professional development to student engagement, how are classrooms and students changing as we increase teachers' content knowledge? Teaching practices modeled in professional development can change what occurs in the classroom. Our study was designed to probe differences in two different types of professional development programs both focused on content knowledge. We found that what is modeled by the professional developers has a profound effect on the direction of the classroom. This matched controlled study found that teachers reflect the teaching practice modeled by professional developers through their individual classroom teaching practices. A significant difference was found in cognitive activities and questioning skills between teachers in a professional development program modeling authentic inquiry versus the teachers in a professional development modeling simulated inquiry. While both groups increased the amount of overall inquiry used in the classroom, students whose teachers were in authentic inquiry professional development were engaged in higher cognitive activities and questioning skills. If students are engaged in dynamic classrooms, searching for answers to students' questions, perhaps they will understand that science is a dynamic discipline.     

The relationship between mathematicians’ pedagogical goals,orientations, and common teaching practices in advanced mathematics

Despite mathematics educators’ research into more effective modes of teaching, lecture is still the dominant mode of instruction in undergraduate mathematics courses. Surveys suggest this is because most mathematicians believe this is the best way to teach. This paper answers a call by mathematics education researchers to explore mathematicians’ needs and goals concerning teaching. We interviewed eight mathematicians about findings in the mathematics education research literature concerning common pedagogical practices of instructors of advanced mathematics classes: “chalk talk,” the presentation of formal and informal content, and teacher questioning. We then analyzed the responses for resources, orientations, and goals that might influence the participants to engage in these practices. We describe how participants believed common lecturing practices allowed them to achieve their goals and aligned with their orientations. We discuss these findings in depth and consider what implications they may have for researchers that aim to change mathematicians’ teaching practices.     

Teachers’ views on effective mathematics teaching: commentaries from a European perspective

The previous papers of this issue discuss the views teachers from the United States, Australia, Hong Kong SAR, and Mainland China have on effective mathematics teaching and learning. Similarities and differences are found and a differentiation from West to East can be worked out in the order of the regions as listed above. The picture of teachers’ views can, however, be differentiated when they are looked at from a European perspective. On the basis of the analysis of two comparative studies on teaching cultures in three European countries and a questioning of teachers, this commentary therefore locates France, Germany, and England within this framework so that the East–West-contrast is distinguished in more detail.     

A Collaborative Effort to Improve University Engineering Instruction

This study focused on the instructional development of an assistant professor of environmental engineering in collaboration with science education and higher education faculty members. One semester of data was collected in the assistant professor's environmental engineering laboratory class as he endeavored to address his teaching goals. Data collection included pre and post interviews with the assistant professor, students, and program coordinator, and collection of course documents, such as the course syllabus and assignments. In addition, all of the classroom sessions were observed and videotaped, and a midsemester video stimulated‐recall interview was conducted. Results show the assistant professor made growth in the areas of questioning strategies, “think time” for students, increased class participation, and the implementation of a student‐designed field research project. Implications include that new professors can benefit from peer faculty support, and they and their students can benefit when the new professors recognize the complementary nature of research and teaching.     

Disciplinary literacy in mathematics: One mathematician’s reading practices

Recent scholarship on disciplinary literacy calls for an emphasis on teaching discipline-specific language/literacy practices. An understanding of these practices is, therefore, essential to literacy instruction in secondary content areas such as mathematics. This case study examined one mathematician’s reading practices, with a focus on the strategies he used in text comprehension. Data collected include the mathematician’s think-alouds during reading, discussion of his reading think-alouds, and semi-structured interviews. These data were analyzed qualitatively through an iterative process involving multiple readings and identification and refinement of codes. The analysis revealed that the mathematician engaged in extensive reading and employed an array of strategies—rereading, close reading, monitoring and questioning, summarizing and paraphrasing, storying, drawing on prior knowledge and experience, evaluating and verifying, and note-taking and visualizing—to help him make sense of what he read. These findings provide important insights that can inform mathematics teachers’ efforts to support students’ mathematics reading/learning.