一维导电聚合物中激发态的链间弛豫

本文系统地研究了顺式高强聚乙炔的Raman和发光光谱,根据其Raman和发光光谱随激发能量的变化规律,以及分子链之间距离的改变对这种变化规律的影响,证明了聚乙炔中存在着激发态的链间弛豫,井且,这种弛豫过程随着分子链之间距离的减小而被加快.     

激子旋转弛豫对低掺杂卟啉侧链聚合物荧光衰变过程的影响

利用激子旋转扩散理论研究了一类低掺杂卟啉侧链聚合物中卟啉侧链基团的旋转对其发光动力学过程的影响.研究表明,卟啉侧链基团的旋转行为是导致激发态无辐射能量弛豫的重要途径.基团旋转越容易,能量弛豫速度越快,这可导致一个快速的荧光衰变动力学过程.在卟啉低掺杂浓度和聚合物分子链间距离较大的情况下,卟啉侧链基团的旋转成为影响荧光寿命和发光效率的主要因素.对实验测得的两种样品的荧光弛豫过程进行了拟合,理论结果与实验结果符合较好. 关键词： 激子旋转弛豫 瞬态荧光 卟啉侧链聚合物     

分子链间距离对于卟啉侧链聚合物稳态及瞬态发光性能的影响

采用荧光光谱技术,测量了一种卟啉侧链聚合物:卟啉丙烯酸酯-苯乙烯共聚物(P[(por)A-S])的稳态和瞬态的发光性能.通过将聚合物P[(por)A-S]掺杂到有机玻璃(PMMA)中,研究了链间距离对于P[(por)A-S]发光性能的影响.结果表明:随着聚合物分子浓度增大,即链间距离减小,导致卟啉侧链基团之间的相互间作用增加,使其激发态无辐射跃迁几率增加,聚合物荧光强度减弱,激发态寿命缩短.讨论了上述过程产生的原因.     

稀土配合物分子内能量传递和弛豫过程的光声和荧光光谱研究

将光声光谱和荧光光谱两种互补的手段结合起来 ,从无辐射跃迁和辐射跃迁两个角度讨论了固态稀土配合物的激发 弛豫过程。测定了稀土配合物 (Tb(AA) 3·2H2 O、Tb(AA) 3bpy和Tb(AA) 3phen)固体粉末的光声光谱和荧光光谱。与荧光光谱相结合 ,光声光谱反映了不同配合物发光效率的变化 ,Tb(AA) 3phen、Tb(AA) 3·2H2 O和Tb(AA) 3bpy的发光效率依次增强。研究了配合物的分子内能量传递和弛豫过程 ,配体最低三重态能级与稀土离子共振能级之间的能级差是否匹配是配体敏化中心离子发光的关键因素     

苯基取代聚乙炔中的元激发

苯环取代聚乙炔是一类具有简并基态的发光聚合物.利用扩展的SuSchriefferHeeger模型,研究了这类聚合物链中的孤子、极化子等元激发特性.结果表明:由于苯环与聚乙炔主链间的强π电子耦合,苯环取代抑制了聚乙炔主链的二聚化,减小了导带与价带之间的能隙;因此取代聚乙炔中的元激发具有较小的激发能,同时具有更大的相干长度.尽管苯基取代对元激发有很大的影响,但是非取代聚乙炔中元激发的基本物理规律依然成立,表明这些元激发的基本特性不受取代基团的影响 关键词： 孤子 极化子 苯基取代聚乙炔     

侧链基团对聚合物薄膜瞬态发光性能的影响

采用飞秒激光光谱技术比较研究了两种卟啉侧链聚合物:卟啉丙烯酸酯-苯乙烯共聚物P[(por)A-S]和卟啉铁(Ⅲ)丙烯酸酯-苯乙烯共聚物P[(por)FeA-S]的瞬态发光性能。并采用纳秒激光光谱技术测量了小分子卟啉(TPP)的荧光动力学过程。结果表明:P[(por)FeA-S]具有比P[(por)A-S]快得多的荧光弛豫过程,而P[(por)A-S]的荧光寿命远小于小分子卟啉的荧光寿命。对上述过程进行了分析,P[(por)A-S]的荧光衰变主要来源于聚合物分子链间的相互作用;而P[(por)FeA-S]的荧光衰变除了来源于聚合物分子链间的相互作用外,中央金属离子与配位体之间的电荷转移也对卟啉发色基团的激发态超快无辐射弛豫具有重要的影响,对上述过程的产生机理进行了讨论。     

发光中心中的热发光和弛豫过程

本文评述了热发光自第一个理论和实验发表以来所取得的研究结果,并考查了热发光的现状。 在快速弛豫系统中热发光的主要特点是:(1)快速弛豫杂质中心中的低强度是由热发光强度、弛豫速率和光学寿命之间的一般关系确定的;(2)热发光光谱对激发频率的特征依赖关系与“热发光是在受激发的     

共轭聚合物中的量子限制效应和能量传递

在共混的两种共轭聚合物中,采用分子自级装技术制备了嵌段共轭聚合物量子线的异质结构,通过室温下吸收光谱、发光光谱和激姨光谱的研究证实了在这种嵌段共轭聚合物量子线的异质结构中存在很强的激子限制效应以及链内和链间的有效能量传递。     

纳米MEH-PPV阵列的光致发光

以多孔氧化铝为模板,将可溶性发光聚合物聚（2-甲氧基-5-（2’-乙基己氧基）-1,4-对苯乙炔）（MEH-PPV）镶嵌在纳米孔中,制备出高发光效率的纳米发光聚合物阵列,其光学特性与MEH-PPV薄膜显著不同。纳米孔内的MEH-PPV分子链形成链束,链束中的分子链数目依赖于制备纳米MEH-PPV阵列所用溶液的浓度。相对于稀溶液,在由浓溶液制备的纳米MEH-PPV阵列中,MEH—PPV链束的分子链数目较多,链间作用使MEH-PPV的能带展宽,能隙减小,因而浓溶液获得的纳米MEH—PPV阵列的光致发光峰红移。热处理纳米MEH-PPV阵列的PL谱表明,纳米孔内的聚合物分子链的弛豫运动受到限制。     

高浓度敏化剂掺杂的NaYF4∶Yb3+,Er3+纳米材料的合成及发光性能研究

为了探究泵浦功率对不同浓度敏化剂离子掺杂的上转换材料发光特性的影响,采用溶剂热法,成功制备了不同浓度敏化剂Yb3+掺杂的NaYF₄∶Yb3+, Er3+上转换纳米颗粒。首先对这种纳米晶体的结构和形貌进行了详细的分析,使用X射线粉末衍射仪和透射电子显微镜测试了制备的纳米晶体的结构和形貌。表征结果证明了制备的纳米颗粒均为结晶性良好、形状规则的六方相纳米晶体,随着Yb3+掺杂浓度的提高,纳米晶体的粒径有所增加。在此基础上,通过控制泵浦功率对不同浓度敏化剂Yb3+掺杂的NaYF₄∶Yb3+, Er3+上转换纳米颗粒在980 nm激发光下的光致发光特性做了详细的研究。对于不同浓度敏化剂掺杂的样品,随着泵浦功率的提高,上转换发光的强度增强,这可以归因于高泵浦功率促进材料对激发光的吸收。上转换发光的红绿比也得到了提高, 值得注意的是, 在不同浓度敏化剂Yb3+掺杂的样品中,发光的红绿比改变的程度和可调谐的范围有所不同。为了深入的了解上转换发光机制,对不同浓度样品中可能发生的电子能量传递机制进行了讨论并提出假设,认为上转换发光过程中,不同浓度样品中红绿比变化程度的不同是发光离子组合之间的平均距离和包括多声子弛豫、交叉弛豫和反向能量传递的非弛豫过程的综合作用。在低浓度敏化剂掺杂的样品中,由于掺杂浓度导致Yb3+和Er3+之间的平均距离较大,反向能量传递过程比较微弱。在非弛豫过程中,发生在同一发光中心Er3+上的多声子弛豫和相邻发光中心Er3+之间的交叉弛豫为主要过程。随着泵浦功率的提高,高能级的布居速率增加减弱了非辐射弛豫对发光的影响,材料的红绿比只有微弱的提高,绿光是上转换发光中的主要成分。随着掺杂浓度的提高,敏化剂离子Yb3+和激活剂离子Er3+之间的平均间距减小,反向能量传递过程得到增强,成为非辐射弛豫过程中的主要部分。由于泵浦功率增强而提高的高能级对上转换发光的贡献,通过相邻敏化剂和激活剂离子之间的反向能量传递过程得到迅速的衰减,使红光成为上转换发光中的主要成分。在980 nm的近红外光激发下,在不同浓度Yb3+掺杂的样品中存在不同侧重的非辐射弛豫过程, 由于多声子弛豫、交叉弛豫和反向能量传递共同作用,红绿比随着泵浦功率提高而增加。这种发光特性不但使得我们得到红光性能更好的上转换荧光材料,而且可以通过测定材料的红绿比来判定材料的掺杂浓度。经过进一步的设计和修饰,这种纳米材料很有潜力作为一种多功能光动力治疗纳米平台在生物检测领域中得到应用。不同浓度样品中可能发生的电子能量转移过程的提出,有利于对上转换发光机理的了解和稀土发光离子组合的设计和优化。     

New high-energy luminescence bands from Co2+ in ZnSe

Three sharp absorption features in the energy range 2.36–2.55 eV have been detected in the transmission spectrum of Co-diffused ZnSe, and a number of luminescence transitions originating from the lowest of these states at 2.361 eV have been observed. Photoluminescence excitation spectra prove that these are high energy excited states of the Co²⁺_Zn impurity, a conclusion confirmed by comparison of measured and predicted luminescence energies. This represents the first identification of luminescence branching from a higher excited state of a transition metal ion in any semiconductor. The sharp, weakly phonon-coupled transitions involve either intra-impurity excitation or transitions from the impurity to localised states split off from a minimum in the conduction band. The implications of these observations for the mechanism of host-impurity energy transfer and for the nature of the excited state wavefunctions are discussed.     

高温氧化多孔硅的电子束辐照效应

通过高温氧化处理得到的多孔硅,其阴极射线发光谱呈现明显的三峰结构。峰强随电子束辐照时间而下降。对光致发光很弱的样品,电子束辐照后光致发光明显地增强。红外透射谱及Raman谱分析表明样品基本上成为SiO_x.进一步分析指出三峰可能来源于SiO_x中的缺陷中心发光。电子束辐照在SiO_x禁带中引进了一些缺陷能级,通过这些能级使得紫外线可激发样品发光,出现光致发光增强的现象。     

Effect of strain on the structural and optical properties of Cu-N co-doped ZnO thin films

Polycrystalline ZnO thin films co-doped with Cu and N have been obtained by chemical bath deposition. Introduction of Cu and N causes the change of strained stress in ZnO films, which subsequently affects the structural and optical properties. The dependence of structural and optical properties of the ZnO films on lattice strained stress is investigated by XRD measurement, SEM, PL spectrum, optical reflection and Raman spectrum. The result of photoluminescence of Cu-N co-doped ZnO films indicates that the UV emission peaks shift slightly towards higher energy side with decrease in tensile strain and vise versa. The blue-shift of the absorption edge and up-shift of E2 (high) mode of the films can be observed in the optical reflection and Raman spectra.     

Simultaneous Raman and fluorescence spectroscopy of single conjugated polymer chains

Simultaneous surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) and fluorescence is demonstrated from single conjugated polymer chains. As resonance enhancement of SERS depends on the spectral overlap of the polymer's absorption and the incident laser, resonance Raman and fluorescence effectively probe the absorbing and emitting part of the polymer, respectively. The optical phonon energies change along the polymer chain, providing a window to spatially track excited state relaxation. Whereas a mean spatial redistribution of the excitation is witnessed by a change in vibronic fingerprint following interchromophoric energy transfer, intrachromophoric exciton self-trapping leaves the vibrations unchanged.     

外电场作用下乙酸乙烯酯的分子结构和激发态

采用密度泛函B3LYP方法在6-31G(d)基组水平上,计算了乙酸乙烯酯分子在不同外电场(0.000 a.u.~0.030 a.u.)作用下的基态几何结构、电偶极距、电荷分布及分子总能量,然后利用杂化CIS-DFT方法在相同基组下研究了外电场对乙酸乙烯酯分子前8个激发态的激发能、波长和振子强度的影响.结果表明,分子的几何结构、电荷分布与外电场的大小呈现强烈的依赖关系.随着外电场的不断增加,分子的总能量逐渐减小,偶极距逐渐增大,激发能随电场的增加总体上呈减小的趋势,表明在外电场作用下,乙酸乙烯酯分子易于激发,激发态波长随电场的增加总体上呈增大的趋势,且电子跃迁光谱都集中在紫外区.     

Proton-irradiation effect on the luminescence of the MEH-PPV conjugated polymer

We report proton-irradiation effect on luminescence in the MEH-PPV conjugated polymer. While the luminescence was severely weakened by the low-energy irradiation with a high dosage, it was affected only weakly by the high-energy irradiation with a low dosage. The electroluminescence was affected by the irradiation more severely than the photoluminescence was, preserving the external quantum efficiency. While the luminescence spectrum of the severely damaged polymer was broadened with a blue-shift, a weak damage resulted only in a decrease in the luminescence intensity apparently preserving the spectral shape. The change in the luminescence spectra may be explained by chain conformational disorders as well as chain scission induced by the irradiation.     

Temperature-induced transformations in hydrogenated and fluorinated single-wall carbon nanotubes studied by Raman scattering

Raman spectra of hydrogenated and fluorinated single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) are measured at ambient temperature before and after heat treatment. The spectra of the as-prepared hydrogenated SWCNTs show a giant structureless band in the visible region that screens the Raman peaks related to the carbon atom vibrations. The onset of this strong band follows the excitation laser line, which is typical of hot luminescence. The intensity of the luminescence background decreases exponentially with the annealing time, while the dependence of the luminescence decay time constant on the annealing temperature is of the Arrhenius type with the activation energy E _a = 465 ± 44 meV. The luminescence background in the Raman spectra of the fluorinated SWCNTs is comparable with the Raman peak intensity and decreases exponentially with the annealing time. The dependence of the decay time constant on the temperature is again of the Arrhenius type with the activation energy E _a = 90 ± 8 meV. The appearance of hot luminescence is related to the upshift of the fundamental energy gap in functionalized SWCNTs and the structural disorder induced by random binding of hydrogen or fluorine atoms. The luminescence background disappears upon annealing in vacuum or in air after removal of hydrogen (fluorine), while the annealed samples still demonstrate large structural disorder.     

高密度激发下CdS中束缚激子与激子的散射发光

本文在液氦温度下在CdS中观测到一个新的发光峰,并提出束缚激子与激子非弹性散射发光模型对该峰的产生和特性进行了解释。     

Luminescence in x-irradiated CaF2:Co

Photoluminescence of X-irradiated CaF₂:Co single crystals is reported. The emission spectrum shows four peaks at 505, 550, 640 and 685 nm, all of them with an excitation band at 275 nm. The same emission spectrum, plus a band at 280 nm, is found in X-ray excited luminescence measurements. Thermoluminescence of 80 K X-irradiated crystals gives a glow curve with five peaks at 100, 125, 145, 190 and 225 K. The spectral distribution of these glow peaks is similar to that of the X-ray excited luminescence. The 280 nm band is associated with electron—hole recombination. The other four bands are associated with electron transitions among excited states of Co²⁺ produced by recombination of holes and Co⁺-ions created by X-irradiation.