用赤霉素作还原剂钼蓝分光光度法测定钢铁中的硅

用赤霉素作还原剂，对硅钼杂多酸的还原反应进行了系统研究。在０．２ｍｏｌ／ＬＨ２ＳＯ４介质中生成硅钼杂多酸之后，赤霉素能在相当宽的酸度范围内将其还原成十分稳定的硅钼蓝，其最大吸收波长为８１０ｎｍ，表观摩尔吸光系数为３．５１×１０４Ｌ·ｍｏｌ－１·ｃｍ－１。方法的检测限为２．９×１０－６ｇ／Ｌ。硅浓度在０～０．８０ｍｇ／Ｌ范围内符合Ｂｅｅｒ定律。该法已用于钢铁中硅的测定。     

用氯丙嗪-磷钼杂多酸分光光度法测定烟叶中的磷

在１－５ ｍｏｌ／ＬＨＣｌ 介质中及聚乙烯醇（ＰＶＡ） 存在的条件下,氯丙嗪能与磷钼杂多酸形成摩尔比１∶１ 的离子缔合物, 可稳定１－５ ｈ 以上, 其最大吸收波长在３４５ ｎｍ 处, 磷在０ ～０－４８ ｍｇ／Ｌ 范围内符合Ｂｅｅｒ 定律, 表观摩尔吸光系数为６－０５ ×１０４ Ｌ·ｍｏｌ－ １ ·ｃｍ － １ 。 该法用于烟叶中磷的测定, 操作简便, 选择性好, 灵敏度高, 结果令人满意。     

流动注射速差动力学化学发光分析Ⅱ微量磷的快速测定

本文根据磷钼杂多酸可直接氧化Ｌｕｍｉｎｏｌ产生化学发光的特性，建立了磷的流动注射化学发光分析方法。利用磷钼杂多酸、硅钼杂多酸、砷钼杂多酸形成速率的差异，在磷、硅、砷共存时，可不经任何分离，实现对水样和钢样中磷的快速测定。该法检出限为３．６×１０－５ｇ／Ｌ，线性范围２．０×１０－４～１．０×１０－２ｇ／Ｌ，相对标准偏差为１．８％（磷浓度１．０×１０－３ｇ／Ｌ；ｎ＝１１次）。采样频率４５样／ｈ。     

赤霉素在钼蓝法测定砷,磷,硅中的应用——连续测定钢铁中的砷,磷,硅

将植物生长刺激素赤霉素引入光度分析作新显色剂，研究了赤霉素将砷、磷、硅杂多酸还原成相应杂多蓝的显色反应。在０８４、１２０、２１６ｍｏｌ／ＬＨＣｌ介质中，赤霉素能分别将砷、磷、硅杂多酸还原成相应的杂多蓝，其最大吸收波长分别为８３５、８２０和８１０ｎｍ，表观摩尔吸光系数分别为２６４×１０４、２５４×１０４和３５１×１０４Ｌ·ｍｏｌ－１·ｃｍ－１。线性范围分别为０～２４ｍｇ／Ｌ、０～１ｍｇ／Ｌ和０～０８ｍｇ／Ｌ。该法应用于钢铁中砷、磷、硅的连续测定，结果令人满意。     

显色试剂6—硝基—苯并噻唑重氮氨基偶氮苯的合成及与镉的显色反应

合成了新的显色试剂６－硝基－苯并噻唑重氮氨基偶氮苯，并研究了在乳化剂ＯＰ存在下马镉的显色反应。镉与试剂于ｐＨ ９．０～１０．０的缓冲介质中形成稳定的红色络合物，表观摩尔吸光系数 ε５２６＝２． ４５ × １０５Ｌ·ｍｏｌ－１·ｃｍ－１，镉浓度在０～ ０． ５ ｍｇ／Ｌ范围内符合比尔定律。该方法灵敏度高，选择性好，并用于废水和环境水样中的微量镉的测定。     

人工神经网络分光光度法同时测定钼和铬

在钼，铬－二溴邻硝基苯基荧光酮－ＣＴＭＡＢ显色体系中，应用三层ＡＮＮ－ＢＰ网络解析钼和铬的吸收光谱，不经分离分光光度法同时测定钼和铬。钼和铬的表观摩尔吸光系数分别为ε５４５＝ ６．４８×１０４Ｌ·ｍ ｏｌ－ １·ｃｍ － １，ε５４７＝ １．５４×１０４Ｌ·ｍ ｏｌ－ １·ｃｍ － １。对合成样品和合金钢中钼和铬进行了同时测定，结果满意。使用改进的ＢＰ算法，避免了神经网络学习过程中可能产生的麻痹现象。提出了目标向量的简单变换方法及便于网络参数选择的收敛评价函数。     

7-(1-苯偶氮)-8-羟基喹啉-5-磺酸-曲拉通X-100双波长分光光度法测定微量铟

研究了７－（１－苯偶氮）－８－羟基喹啉－５－磺酸与铟的显色反应及分析应用,在曲拉通Ｘ－１００存在下,于ｐＨ４．５的ＮａＡｃ－ＨＡｃ缓冲介质中,铟与题示试剂形成组成比为１∶３的黄色配合物,最大吸收波长为４４０ｎｍ,表观摩尔吸光系数为３．８６×１０４Ｌ·ｍｏｌ－１·ｃｍ－１,同时在５５０ｎｍ呈现负峰,用双峰双波长法测定铟的表观摩尔吸光系数为７．３３×１０４Ｌ·ｍｏｌ－１·ｃｍ－１,灵敏度为单波长法的１．９倍,线性范围为０～０．６ｍｇ／Ｌ,该法用于硫硒化锌基陶瓷颜料及镀膜玻璃中铟的测定,结果满意。     

溴水氧化氰根光度法测定微量氰化物

在磷酸介质中,氰根被饱和溴水氧化为溴化氰,剩余的溴水用磺基水杨酸除去。溴化氰与碘化钾反应生成单质碘,碘与淀粉显色,从而测定氰化物。其最大吸收波长λｍ ａｘ＝ ５６５ｎｍ ,ＣＮ－ 在０～１５μｇ／２５ｍ Ｌ范围内呈良好线性关系,表观摩尔吸光系数为３．１×１０４Ｌ·ｍ ｏｌ－ １·ｃｍ － １。已用于测定废水中的氰化物。     

丁基罗丹明B-铜钨杂多酸光度法测定微量铜

在聚乙烯醇（ＰＶＡ）存在下，丁基罗丹明Ｂ（ＢＲＢ）与铜钨杂多酸形成离子缔合物。缔合物的形成条件为ｃＨ２ＳＯ４＝１．２ｍｏｌ／Ｌ，ｃＷＯ２－４＝６．１×１０－５ｍｏｌ／Ｌ，ｃＢＲＢ＝３．８×１０－５ｍｏｌ／Ｌ和ＰＶＡ０．０８％。缔合物的最大吸收波长位于５７０ｎｍ，摩尔吸光系数ε＝１．６６×１０６Ｌ·ｍｏｌ－１·ｃｍ－１，铜量在每２５ｍＬ０～０．５μｇ范围内服从比耳定律，检测限为每ｍＬ０．６５ｎｇ（ｎ＝１２），对每ｍＬ１８ｎｇＣｕ测定的ＲＳＤ为０．８５％（ｎ＝１０）。缔合物至少稳定１５０ｈ，其摩尔比为Ｃｕ∶Ｗ∶ＢＲＢ＝１∶１２∶５，红外图谱表明铜钨杂多酸具有Ｋｅｇｇｉｎ结构。考察了４０多种共存离子的影响，大多数常见元素不干扰。本法已用于天然水、自来水、降水、人发、中药和蔬菜中铜的测定，结果满意。     

2-吡啶重氮氨基偶氮苯与镉(Ⅱ)的显色反应及其应用

报道了一种新型的三氮烯类偶氮染料的合成方法及其与Ｃｄ（Ⅱ）的显色的反应。在Ｔｒｉｔｏｎ Ｘ－１００存在下的弱碱性介质中，该试剂与镉形成 ４： ｌ的红色络合物，最大吸收波长位于５３０ ｎｍ处；表观摩尔吸光系数为 １．９２ ×ｌ０５ Ｌ·ｍｏｌ－１· ｃｍ－１；镉含量在 ０－ ０，５ ｍｇ／Ｌ范围内遵守比耳定律。直接应用于废水中微量镉的测定，结果令人满意。     

磷钼钨三元杂多酸光度法测定药物中的抗坏血酸

研究了抗坏血酸与磷钼钨三元杂多酸的显色反应,提出了借磷钼钨杂多蓝测定抗坏血酸的分光光度法.最大吸收波长为730nm,抗坏血酸在0.08～10mg/L范围内线性良好.回归方程为A=1.05×10⁴C+0.017,线性相关系数γ=0.9995,表观摩尔吸光系数ξ₇₃₀=1.05×10⁴L·mol^-1·cm^-1,方法检出限为0.04mg/L,回收率为94～102%,相对标准偏差≤1.5%(n=8).本方法由于钨钼的混合配位增强了氧化能力,较之二元杂多酸的方法,省去了水浴加热等操作,只需在室温下反应30min,吸光值至少可稳定6h.过量的黄色杂多酸可加入适量的氢氧化钠溶液分解,从而获得色泽纯正的高灵敏度显色体系.     

Determination of Tannic Acid by Flow Injection Analysis with Inhibited Chemiluminescence Detection

A novel flow injection procedure has been developed for the determination of tannic acid based on the inhibition of the chemiluminescences in luminol-H₂O₂-Manganese tetrasulfonatophthalocyanine (MnTSPc) system by tannic acid. The method is simple, rapid and sensitive with a detection limit of 8 × 10⁻¹⁰ mol·L⁻¹ and a linear range of 7 × 10⁻⁹–5 × 10⁻⁶ mol·L⁻¹. The relative standard deviation is 1.9% for eleven measurements of 5 × 10⁻⁷ mol·L⁻¹ tannic acid. The method has been successfully applied to the determination of tannic acid in real Chinese gall and hop pellets samples.     

Simultaneous Determination of Dopamine and Ascorbic Acid at a Triazole Self-Assembled Monolayer-Modified Gold Electrode

A 3-amino-5-mercapto-1,2,4-triazole (TA) self-assembled monolayer-modified gold electrode (TA SAM/Au) is characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, A.C. impedance, cyclic voltammetry, chronoamperometry and chronocoulometry. The TA SAM/Au exhibited good promotion of the electrochemical oxidation of dopamine. Some electrochemical parameters of dopamine such as electron transfer number, exchange current density, standard heterogeneous rate constant, diffusion coefficient, etc., were measured by different electrochemical methods. The peak currents of dopamine were linearly dependent on its concentration in the range of 1.5 × 10⁻⁶–1.0 × 10⁻⁴ mol L⁻¹, with a detection limit of 5.0 × 10⁻⁷ mol L⁻¹. The oxidative peak potentials of dopamine and ascorbic acid were well separated at about 190 ± 10 mV in pH 2.0 BR buffers at TA SAM/Au, the oxidation peak current increases approximately linearly with increasing concentration of both dopamine and ascorbic acid in the concentration range of 9.98 × 10⁻⁶–4.54 × 10⁻⁴ mol L⁻¹. It can be used for simultaneous determination of dopamine and ascorbic acid.     

Application of a Glassy Carbon Electrode Modified with Poly(Glutamic Acid) in Caffeic Acid Determination

Glassy carbon electrodes were coated with films of poly(glutamic acid) (PG), and the modified electrode proved to be very effective in the oxidation of caffeic acid. The performance of the film was also tested with ascorbic acid, coumaric acid, ferulic acid, sinapic acid and chlorogenic acid. At pH 5.6, all the hydroxycinnamic acids yield a higher peak current intensity when oxidized after incorporation in the PG-modified electrode, and only the oxidation of ascorbic acid exhibits overpotential reduction. At pH 3.5 only caffeic and chlorogenic acid are incorporated in the modified electrode and exhibit a well-defined oxidation wave at +0.51 V and +0.48 V, which is the base for their determination. Linear calibration graphs were obtained from 9 × 10⁻⁶ mol L⁻¹ to 4 × 10⁻⁵ mol L⁻¹ caffeic acid by linear voltammetric scan and from 4 × 10⁻⁶ mol L⁻¹ to 3 × 10⁻⁵ mol L⁻¹ by square wave voltammetric scan. The method was successfully applied to the determination of caffeic acid in red wine samples without interference from other hydroxycinnamic acids or ascorbic acid.     

Electrochemical Behavior of Uric Acid and Epinephrine at a Meso-2,3-Dimercaptosuccinic Acid Self-Assembled Gold Electrode

A self-assembled electrode with a meso-2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) monolayer has been characterized by electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance and complex impedance analysis, surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry. The self-assembled electrode was used for the simultaneous electrochemical detection of epinephrine (EP) and uric acid (UA) in phosphate buffer of pH 7.7. The simultaneous oxidation of EP and UA was performed by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), and the signals for each method were well separated with a potential difference of over 330 mV and without interference by each other. The detection limit of EP is 5.4 × 10⁻⁸ mol L⁻¹ by CV and 5.3 × 10⁻⁸ mol L⁻¹ by DPV and that of UA is 8.4 × 10⁻⁸ mol L⁻¹ by CV and 4.2 × 10⁻⁸ mol L⁻¹ by DPV. The DMSA self-assembled electrode can be applied to the simultaneous determination of EP and UA.     

Electro-Catalytic Oxidation of Ascorbic Acid at a Cobalt-Salen Polymer Modified Electrode and Analytical Applications

ABSTRACT

The preparation and electrochemical characteristics of electrodes modified by cobalt complexes of N, N' - bis(salicylidene)-ethane -1, 2- diamine (salen) are described. A cobalt-salen polymer film modified electrode has strong electro-catalytic effects for the oxidation of ascorbic acid. The anodic peak potential of ascorbic acid shifted negatively for 400 m V. The catalytic reaction rate constant determined by rotating disk experiments is 7.08×10⁵ mol s^?1 cm^3. The catalytic mechanism and the effect of film thickness are discussed. A sensitive voltammetric response for ascorbic acid was obtained covering a linear range from 1.0×10^?6 to 1.0×10^?3 mol-L^?1 The modified electrode showed good stability and reproducibility. The electrode was used to the determination of ascorbic acid in fruit juices and showed promising results compared with conventional methods. The electro-catalytic effect of several metal-salen complexes and a similar Schiff base derivative for ascorbic acid was compared.     

Meldola's Blue Immobilized on a SiO2/SnO2/Phosphate Xerogel,a New Sensor for Determination of Ascorbic Acid in Medicine and Commercial Fruit Juice

A modified carbon paste electrode with SiO₂/SnO₂/Phosphate/Meldola's blue, SSPMelB, was used to study the electrocatalytic oxidation of ascorbic acid by cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry. The adsorbed dye mediates ascorbic acid oxidation at an anodic potential of 0.04 V vs. saturated calomel electrode (SCE) at pH 7.0, in 0.5 mol L^?1 solution. The linear range of the sensor is between 4.0×10^?7 and 2.0×10^?3 mol L^?1, with a limit of detection of 4.0×10^?7 mol L^?1. This novel electrode shows good analytical performance for determination of ascorbic acid in medicine and commercial fruit juice.     

Sensitive spectrophotometric determination of ascorbic acid in fruit juices and pharmaceutical formulations using 2-(5-bromo-2-pyridylazo)-5-diethylaminophenol (Br-PADAP)

A simple and very sensitive method has been developed for the determination of ascorbic acid based on the oxidation of ascorbic acid to dehydroascorbic acid by iron(III), followed by a complexation of iron(II) with 2-(5-bromo-2-pyridylazo)-5-diethylaminophenol(Br-PADAP). The iron(II) complex is formed immediately, with absorption maxima at 560 and 748 nm and a molar absorptivity of 1.31 × 10⁵ l mole^–1cm^–1 and 5.69 × 10⁴ l mole^–1cm^–1, respectively. The ascorbic acid determination is possible with a linear range up to 2.4 μg ml^–1, a calibration sensitivity of 0.744 ml μg^–1 at 560 nm and 0.323 ml μg^–1 at 748 nm, and a detection limit of 15 ng ml^–1 and 44 ng ml^–1, respectively. The procedure was used for the ascorbic acid determination in several fruit juices and pharmaceutical formulations. The results demonstrated a good precision (R.S.D. < 1%) and are in agreement with those obtained with others methods. The Br-PADAP method proposed is six times more sensitive than the method using the iron(II)-1,10-phenanthroline system. Received: 7 May 1996 / Revised: 1 July 1996 / Accepted: 8 August 1996     

Sensitive spectrophotometric determination of ascorbic acid in fruit juices and pharmaceutical formulations using 2-(5-bromo-2-pyridylazo)-5-diethylaminophenol (Br-PADAP)

A simple and very sensitive method has been developed for the determination of ascorbic acid based on the oxidation of ascorbic acid to dehydroascorbic acid by iron(III), followed by a complexation of iron(II) with 2-(5-bromo-2-pyridylazo)-5-diethylaminophenol(Br-PADAP). The iron(II) complex is formed immediately, with absorption maxima at 560 and 748 nm and a molar absorptivity of 1.31 × 10⁵ l mole^–1cm^–1 and 5.69 × 10⁴ l mole^–1cm^–1, respectively. The ascorbic acid determination is possible with a linear range up to 2.4 μg ml^–1, a calibration sensitivity of 0.744 ml μg^–1 at 560 nm and 0.323 ml μg^–1 at 748 nm, and a detection limit of 15 ng ml^–1 and 44 ng ml^–1, respectively. The procedure was used for the ascorbic acid determination in several fruit juices and pharmaceutical formulations. The results demonstrated a good precision (R.S.D. < 1%) and are in agreement with those obtained with others methods. The Br-PADAP method proposed is six times more sensitive than the method using the iron(II)-1,10-phenanthroline system. Received: 7 May 1996 / Revised: 1 July 1996 / Accepted: 8 August 1996     

Simultaneous Detection of Dopamine and Uric Acid under Coexistence of Ascorbic Acid with DNA/Pt Nanocluster Modified Electrode

A novel biosensor by electrochemically codeposited Pt nanoclusters and DNA film was constructed and applied to detection of dopamine (DA) and uric acid (UA) in the presence of high concentration ascorbic acid (AA). Scanning electron microscopy and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy were used for characterization. This electrode was successfully used to resolve the overlapping voltammetric response of DA, UA and AA into three well‐defined peaks with a large anodic peak difference (ΔE_pa) of about 184 mV for DA and 324 mV for UA. The catalytic peak current obtained from differential pulse voltammetry was linearly dependent on the DA concentration from 1.1× 10^?7 to 3.8×10^?5 mol·L^?1 with a detection limit of 3.6×10^?8 mol·L^?1 (S/N=3) and on the UA concentration from 3.0×10^?7 to 5.7×10^?5 mol·L^?1 with a detection limit of 1.0×10^?7 mol·L^?1 with coexistence of 1.0×10^?3 mol·L^?1 AA. The modified electrode shows good sensitivity and selectivity.