聚变反应历程测量系统研制及应用

为了测量惯性约束聚变实验中的聚变反应时间过程,研制了一套时间分辨优于40 ps的聚变反应历程测量系统.该系统由闪烁体及鼻锥部分、光学系统和条纹相机系统三部分组成.其中闪烁体将中子信号转换为可见光信号,光学系统则将闪烁体的发光信号成像在条纹相机上进行记录.为得到信号与入射激光的时间关系,还将时标引入了条纹相机进行记录.在...     

惯性约束聚变反应速率测量

 聚变反应速率是表征惯性约束聚变热核反应的重要参数,为测量聚变反应速率,研制了一套由闪烁体及鼻锥部分、光学系统和条纹相机组成的测量系统。在神光Ⅲ原型装置上利用新研制的聚变反应速率测量系统进行了聚变反应速率测量。在DT中子产额约为10¹⁰条件下,首次获得了聚变反应速率随时间的变化过程。对影响聚变反应速率测量的相关因素进行详细分析后表明,系统的时间分辨力优于30 ps。     

n-r分辨应用于^252Cf自发裂变中子飞行时间谱测量

飞行时间法是精确测量快中子能谱的有效方法。但是在实际应用中，各种中子灵敏探测器同时也对r射线灵敏，中子源的伴随r射线会直接影响中子能谱的求解精度。液体闪烁体BC501具有良好的时间响应特性和n-r分辨本领，广泛适用于r射线场中的快中子参数测量。文中选用液体闪烁体BC501作为快中子探测器，根据中子和丫射线在液体闪烁体中产生的闪烁光退光时间长短的明显差异，应用脉冲上升时间法进行n-r分辨，通过对符合甄别^252Cf自发裂变中子飞行时间谱中的丫射线的效果进行研究，从应用的角度描述了脉冲上升时间法的n-r分辨效果。     

厚闪烁体内次级中子对快中子图像质量的影响研究

利用编制的快中子照相数值模拟程序(FNRSC)模拟计算了入射中子能量为14 MeV时,厚度5—300 mm闪烁体内次级中子对快中子图像质量的影响,结果表明闪烁体厚度d<50mm时,次级中子对图像的影响强烈依赖于闪烁体厚度,而当d>50 mm时,次级中子对图像的影响趋于饱和.将文献中利用蒙特卡罗中子-光子输运程序(MCNP)计算的次级中子对图像影响和文中计算结果进行了对比,给出了二者存在差异的主要原因：次级中子分布对入射中子空间分布的强烈依赖性;能量沉积和荧光输出这两种计算方法对 关键词： 14 MeV中子 快中子照相 次级中子 Monte Carlo模拟     

ICF中子发射时间诊断

 对ICF中子发射时间的诊断技术进行了研究,研制了基于快闪烁体和微通道板式光电倍增管的中子发射时间探测器。在某大型激光原型装置上进行了中子发射时间的实验测量,成功获得多发实验的中子发射时间与打靶激光脉冲的时间及中子发射时间之间的关系。实验结果表明：中子发射时间探测器对DT中子和DD中子都能够响应,中子产额测量下限达到10⁷,时间测量不确定度小于20 ps;CH烧蚀层越厚,中子发射时间越长。     

ICF中子产额测量中统计涨落分析及计算

 塑料闪烁探测器通常用来测量氘氘、氘氚聚变中子产额。中子在闪烁体中产生的质子数的统计涨落及质子在闪烁体中沉积能量的统计涨落为测量结果引入了两项不确定度分量。以氘氚聚变中子为例,分析了这两种统计涨落的概率密度函数的计算方法,该计算方法也适用于其它能量的单能快中子和塑料闪烁体作用的相应计算。     

掺钆液闪中子探测器的研制

中子在探测器中能产生与暗物质粒子(WIMPs)类似的核反冲信号,对于低背景的暗物质直接探测实验,精确测量和排除中子的干扰尤其重要。为测量中国锦屏地下实验室(CJPL)中子本底的通量,研制了高效的、具有很强"中子-伽马"分辨的掺钆液闪快中子探测器。介绍了掺钆液闪中子探测器的研制和性能,包括探测器形状和尺寸的设计,液体闪烁体类型、光电倍增管型号以及液闪容器材料的选择,探测器的伽马能量刻度以及中子与伽马信号的甄别。用Am-Be中子源对探测器进行探测效率刻度,得到阈值为0.2 MeV等效电子能量的中子探测效率为(6.30±0.30)%,满足中国锦屏地下实验室对中子通量测量的要求。     

BESⅢ端盖TOF探测器的研制

针对BESⅢ端盖TOF的研制方案, 设计和制作了特殊构型的闪烁探测器. 研究了光电倍增管(R5924)和塑料闪烁体(BC404, BC408, EJ204)的性能. 测量了几种包装材料对单个闪烁探测器模块光收集和本征时间分辨的影响. 使用800MeV实验电子束对探测器模块的测量结果显示, 采用EJ204和BC404晶体其时间分辨小于80ps; 采用ESR材料包装可获得较大的输出信号, 提高了探测器的性能.     

快中子照相中的点扩展函数计算

 快中子照相中，基于反冲核原理探测快中子的有机闪烁体平板是普遍采用的快中子辐射转换体。模拟了D-T中子垂直入射BC400闪烁体平板，计算了不同厚度平板闪烁体的点扩展函数，对14.1 MeV快中子照相中闪烁体固有分辨率随厚度的变化进行了研究。计算结果表明，在不考虑二次中子与闪烁体作用及背景噪声等情况时，点扩展函数几乎不依赖于闪烁体厚度。同时，计算还表明在一定的分辨率范围内，由于荧光收集效率的限制，闪烁体厚度增加并不会改善图像对比度。     

用于DPF装置中子测量的闪烁体探测器

 介绍了一种用于等离子体焦点装置(DPF装置)中子波形测量的塑料闪烁体探测器，该探测器由ST401型塑料闪烁体、XP2262B型光电倍增管构成。利用银活化中子探测器和DPF装置对该塑料闪烁体探测器进行标定，确定其中子灵敏度为0.022 5 pC每中子，，中子产额测量范围达到10⁹～10¹¹每脉冲，可以满足DPF装置中子参数测量的需要。     

NEUTRON TIME OF FLIGHT ENERGY SPECTROMETER FOR ICF ION TEMPERATURE DIAGNOSTIC

A current-mode neutron time-of-flight(nTOF) energy spectrometer for inertial confinement fusion(ICF) ion temperature measurements has been designed which will reduce measuring error of fusion neutron energy spectra when the neutron yield is low. The spectrometer consists of a shallow cup-shaped ST1422 fast plastic scintillator with a thicknees of 3mm and full effective volume of 104cm³, a microchannel plate photomultiplier tube(MCP-PMT), a piece of coaxial cable(SUJ-50-7) with a length of 20m, and a transient oscilloscope with a bandwidth of 7GHz. The main performances of the spectrometer and its components have been calibrated. The rise-time and FWHM of the temporal response function are 260ps and 850 ps, respectively. This spectrometer will be used to measure ion temperature in the direct-driven implosion experiments on Sheng-Guang 2 laser facility at Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanica(SIOFM) next year.     

Diagnostic technique for measuring fusion reaction rate for inertial confinement fusion experiments at Shen Guang-III prototype laser facility

A study is conducted using a two-dimensional simulation program(Lared-s)with the goal of developing a technique to evaluate the effect of Rayleigh–Taylor growth in a neutron fusion reaction region.Two peaks of fusion reaction rate are simulated by using a two-dimensional simulation program(Lared-s)and confirmed by the experimental results.A neutron temporal diagnostic(NTD)system is developed with a high temporal resolution of~30 ps at the Shen Guang-III(SG-III)prototype laser facility in China,to measure the fusion reaction rate history.With the shape of neutron reaction rate curve and the spherical harmonic function in this paper,the degree of Rayleigh–Taylor growth and the main source of the neutron yield in our experiment can be estimated qualitatively.This technique,including the diagnostic system and the simulation program,may provide important information for obtaining a higher neutron yield in implosion experiments of inertial confinement fusion.     

Characteristics of the 2 m long scintillation counters measured by detecting 90 MeV protons

The characteristics of scintillation counters measured in a 90-MeV proton beam have been presented. Two-meter long scintillators BC-404 and BC-408, which were viewed from both ends with photoelectron multipliers R1828-01 (PMT) have been used. Both the amplitude and time distributions of the PMT signals are well described by the Gaussian function. It turned out that the amplitude resolution σ(А)/А weakly depends on the type of scintillator and the proton position along the counter, and lies in the interval between 4 and 5%. The best time resolution σ(T) is about 50 ps near the counter ends and 63 ps at the center.     

利用ICCD定位宇宙线来测量探测器时间分辨的方法研究

本研究采用双层150 mm×150 mm闪烁条阵列定位宇宙线的入射和出射位置. 阵列信号光使用波移光纤吸收传输,在ICCD相机前插入前置像增强器,使信号光延迟大于200 ns, 使ICCD可以由外部高速触发信号控制,有效记录随机触发事例.该宇宙线定位系统可以同时多点密集测量 通用探测器测试平台的时间分辨和闪烁光的渡越时间.该新方法与传统时间分辨测量方法相比提高了30倍以上 的效率.实验结果显示:时间探测器的时间分辨好于200 ps,满足通用探测器测试平台的设计要求.     

近距离n, γ混合脉冲辐射场中γ辐射探测技术

n, γ混合脉冲辐射场中, 在近距离、辐射强度低且中子辐射峰值比被测γ辐射峰值强度高的情况下, 传统γ辐射探测技术实施起来面临困难. 对PbWO4和CeF3等近年国内新研制的无机闪烁体进行了系列研究, 使用CeF3分别配光电倍增管和光电管,组合出了对γ辐射灵敏度高, 对中子相对不灵敏, 同时脉冲响应也快的光电探测系统, 应用以此为基础的探测技术在近距离n, γ混合脉冲辐射场中, 可将脉冲γ辐射探测信噪比提高一个量级以上. It is difficult to detect low intensity γ radiation by using traditional γ radiation detection technique in a close distance n, γ commix pulse radiation field with very high intensity neutron radiation. PbWO4 and CeF3 which are newly developed inorganic scintillator in our country have been studied. Photoelectricity detector systemes which have high γ sensitivity and relative insensitive to neutron and fast time response were assembled by using CeF3 and photomultiplier tube. The ratio of signal to noise for γ ray detection can be up to more than 10 times in close distance n, γ commix pulse radiation field by using this detector system.     

Studies of timing properties for a TOF counter at an external target facility

Timing and amplitude properties of a prototype scintillator TOF counter at an external target facility are studied with a cosmic rays test. The dependence of signal pulse height and time resolution on the coordinate along the scintillator TOF counter is investigated with two different discriminators. A time resolution of 165 ps can be achieved at the center of the counter with a constant fraction discriminator. Time resolution better than 150 ps is obtained at the center with a leading edge discriminator after time walk correction is applied for off-line analysis.