热解析与催化发光联用技术测定空气中甲苯含量的方法研究

研究了甲苯在Y2O3粉体表面催化发光行为,发现基于这种催化剂的气体传感器对甲苯的检测具有较高灵敏度。在波长425nm处进行定量分析,催化发光强度与甲苯浓度在相当宽的范围内呈良好的线性关系,其线性范围为0.86—130mg/m3(r=0.9960);检出限为0.29mg/m3(信噪比=3)。对浓度为17.32mg/m3的甲苯气体平行测定了9次的发光强度,其相对标准偏差为5.4%。该传感器连续工作时间达85h以上,其发光信号没有明显下降,是一种长寿命的、性能稳定的气体传感器,并成功地实现了对空气中痕量甲苯的检测。     

荧光碳点的制备、发光机理及应用

碳点合成原料来源广泛,发光性能可调,生物相容性良好,在生物成像、离子检测、发光材料等领域具有巨大的应用潜力。本文综述了碳点的制备方法、发光原理以及应用,重点介绍了碳点的制备方法,总结了近年来碳点在催化、生物成像等领域的最新进展;指出未来研究中需要进一步对碳点的合成进行优化,深入探究碳点的发光机理;制备发光波长可调、尺寸可调的碳点,对其在发光器件、生物成像、传感等领域的应用具有重要意义。     

基于上转换发光技术的生物传感器及其应用

为实现对特定生物分子的高灵敏度快速检测与分析。采用上转换发光材料作为标记物,研制成功一台基于上转换发光技术的新型光学免疫生物传感器。该传感器利用上转换发光材料在红外光激发下发射可见磷光的特性,通过对免疫层析试纸条上经生物反应而结合上去的上转换发光材料颗粒的含量进行检测,计算出被测样品中特定生物分子的浓度。实验结果表明,该传感器具有较好的生物特异性,对兔抗鼠疫免疫球蛋白(IgG)标准样品的检测灵敏度达到ng／ml量级,并在200～6000ng／ml浓度范围内具有良好的线性响应特性,相关系数R^2≥0．95;对鼠疫耶尔森氏菌抗体的敏感性明显高于间接血凝实验,且与免疫印迹检测实验结果具有较好的一致性。该传感器具有稳定、可靠、灵敏的工作性能,符合实际检测与分析的要求。     

太赫兹超材料生物传感器的应用研究进展

太赫兹（THz）波,是指频率范围在0.1～10 THz的电磁波,在电磁波谱中处于红外与微波之间。太赫兹波的光子能量相对于可见光更低,1 THz对应的能量大约只有4.14 meV,意味着这将大大减少对生物体内组织器官的辐射而引起的伤害,不会对生物分子产生电离。因此,该波段在基础科学、人体安检、危险品检测、高速通信和医学成像等领域具有重要的潜在应用价值。但在医药和生物探测的应用中,通常需要检测微量的分析物,这就需要更高的灵敏度和检测的准确度。但是现存的检测方法受到太赫兹波强度检测可靠性不高的影响。基于超材料的生物传感可以通过增强局域电磁谐振,实现亚波长分辨,大大提高了传感器的分辨率与灵敏度,引起了人们的广泛关注。超材料是一种人工设计的周期性结构,通过合理设计可以增强局域电磁谐振响应,实现亚波长分辨,大大提高传感器的分辨率与灵敏度。太赫兹超材料传感器为生物传感领域提供了一种新的检测方法,具有灵敏度高、响应速度快、无标记检测等优点。随着微纳加工技术的快速发展,制作超材料太赫兹传感器的成本不断降低,从而在生物医学领域具有非常大的潜在应用价值。基于超材料的太赫兹传感器的研究已成为目前一个非常热门的国际前沿方向。但是关于太赫兹超材料传感器的最新研究进展未见报道,为此通过大量搜集并整理相关资料,综述了太赫兹超材料传感器在各种生物探测场景中的最新应用,分别从医学诊断、食品安全、农药检测等方面展开介绍。最后,对太赫兹超材料在生物传感器的发展和应用前景进行了总结和展望。该研究将为人们充分掌握太赫兹超材料生物传感器的最新应用进展提供重要参考,同时为太赫兹超材料传感器的发展和应用提供方向性的指导。     

金纳米簇化学发光体外生物检测应用研究进展

金纳米簇是一种制备工艺简单、具有分子级尺寸和量子效应的新型发光材料,近年来在化学发光检测中得到了广泛应用,特别是较多应用于体外生物检测.本文综述了金纳米簇化学发光(含电化学发光)体系在体外生物检测中的应用进展.首先,阐释了金纳米簇的合成方法、结构、性质及其化学发光基本原理;其次,总结了国内外近年来基于该体系的体外生物检...     

基于空芯光纤的新型化学发光传感系统

结合溶胶-凝胶固定酶的方法和介质膜金属空芯光纤,提出了一种新型空芯光纤结构的化学发光传感腔。研究了将溶胶-凝胶敏感膜镀制在空芯光纤内壁的工艺,并对此种新型传感器件的发光和导光模式进行了仿真计算,讨论了传感腔各项参数的优化。设计和搭建了基于新型空芯光纤化学发光腔的传感系统,对隐形眼镜液中双氧水含量的实际测量表明,系统具有较高的检测灵敏度(10μM)和良好的重复性。传感系统操作简单、响应快速、可小型化,在生化研究、环境监测以及食品工业等领域有广阔的应用前景。     

纳米类酶催化材料SERS基底的构筑及其应用研究

兼具多功能性质的材料是当今表面增强拉曼(SERS)基底构筑的发展方向。纳米模拟酶催化剂近年来发展迅速,引起了不同领域包括材料、化学、生物学、医学等学科的广泛研究兴趣。与天然酶相比,纳米酶具有高稳定性和可调催化活性以及价格低的优点,并能够避免生物酶易失活的特点,使其在催化和酶动力学领域具有广泛的应用前景,特别是在分析化学中有重要意义。构筑了一系列兼具类酶催化活性和SERS活性的纳米酶SERS基底,利用SERS及其他技术研究了类酶催化过程中分子的反应动力学过程,探讨了其类酶催化机理,并将其应用于多种有机分子及生物分子的超灵敏检测中。这里我们介绍几种多功能纳米类酶催化材料SERS基底的构筑及其应用研究:(1)石墨烯/半导体/金属复合纳米酶催化材料的构筑及其对生物体系的超灵敏检测;(2)碳点/金属复合纳米材料的构筑及其SERS增强机制与类酶催化性质研究;(3)导电高分子/金属复合材料的制备及其SERS与类酶催化性质研究;(4)金属/MOF复合材料的构筑及其SERS与类酶增强催化机理与检测研究。     

聚集诱导发光材料在食品安全检测中的应用

食品中有害物质的快速检测对预防食源性疾病和保障食品安全至关重要。荧光传感具有选择性好、灵敏度高和响应迅速等优点,相较于传统的检测方法具有很大的应用优势。聚集诱导发光材料(AIEgens)在分散状态下荧光较弱,而在聚集态时发出强烈的荧光,可有效克服传统荧光材料聚集荧光猝灭(ACQ)的应用局限。独特的荧光激活特性、较弱的背景荧光、较大的斯托克斯位移和出色的光稳定性等优势将AIEgens推广到食品安全检测领域。本文分析了近年来AIEgens在食品安全检测中的应用进展,如检测农药残留、兽药残留、重金属、病原体、食品添加剂等的荧光传感器,并对其存在的问题和应用前景进行了总结和展望。     

基于PDMS材料的Sagnac干涉光纤挥发性有机物传感器

在一段8cm长的保偏光纤两端分别熔接两段普通的单模光纤,在保偏光纤的侧面均匀地镀上一层聚二甲基硅氧烷材料,聚二甲基硅氧烷材料经该段保偏光纤接入到一个光纤耦合器中,从而形成一个光纤Sagnac干涉仪.聚二甲基硅氧烷材料吸附挥发性有机物分子时,会引起聚二甲基硅氧烷材料体积上的膨胀,导致Sagnac干涉波长的漂移,通过对Sagnac干涉光波长漂移的测量即可实现对挥发性有机物气体的检测.实验测量了传感器对挥发性有机物浓度的响应,结果表明,在0~6 000ppm浓度范围内,传感器的灵敏度为1.03pm/ppm,由光谱仪的最小分辨率为0.02nm可知,该传感器对挥发性有机物的检测下限约为19.4ppm.该传感器相比聚二甲基硅氧烷材料与光纤光栅结合的传感器,灵敏度提高了4 300倍.     

碳点在鲁米诺和草酸酯化学发光体系中的研究进展

作为一种无需光、热、声、电、磁激发的自发光现象,化学发光已经在化学分析检测、冷光源、生物成像等领域得到了广泛应用。对于多数化学发光体系而言,其化学发光性质不仅取决于化学反应的底物,更与化学反应中使用的催化剂和发光中间体相关。碳点是一种新型的零维发光碳纳米材料,以其优异的物理化学性质和丰富的结构形貌已在各种化学发光体系中获得了广泛的应用。本文主要从鲁米诺和过氧草酸酯两种常见化学发光体系出发,总结了碳点在鲁米诺和过氧草酸酯化学发光体系中的相关研究进展,探讨了碳点在鲁米诺和过氧草酸酯基化学发光中可能存在的作用机制,以及碳点在鲁米诺和过氧草酸酯化学发光体系中的相关应用。为合成具有特定化学发光性能的纳米材料提供思路,有望推动化学发光纳米材料的进一步发展。     

The Progress on Cataluminescence-Based Analytical SystemSCIEI北大核心CSCD

Cataluminescence(CTL) is a phenomenon of light radiation generated when analyte moleculars were oxidized by catalyst. In the past few decades, CTL has developed rapidly and become a promising detection technique, especially in gas sensing, and has attracted much attention of researchers for its potential versatile applications in emission control, public safety, and environmental protection. The analytical system based on CTL has low detection limit, high sensitivity and simple instrument which easy to operate, which shows huge advantages in the detection of inorganic gases and volatile organic compounds. The library of sensing materials has been greatly enriched to thousands kinds, which contains metals, metal/non-metal oxides, sulfide, metal salts, organic compounds, ceramic, glass and other types of materials; Composite materials have been developed; The decreasing of material dimensions to nanoscale provided new opportunities for its development; The morphology of material has also been explored. Some novel hyphenated techniques based on CTL coupled to other techniques including preconcentration/sepration, nebulization, plasma have been developed, as well as some new CTL technique including static CTL, cyclic CTL and ect. Thanks to development of sensing material and the appearance of these novel techniques, the selectivity and sensitivity of CTL system has been improved, and the range of CTL application has been extended. In this article, the progress made in the field of cataluminescence, especially in latest developments of analytical applications were reviewed. The catalysts used in CTL, the recent novel CTL techniques were sumerized. The future of the cataluminescence was also forecasted.     

Rational morphology control of nano-scale amide decorated metal-organic frameworks by ultrasonic method: Capability to selective and sensitive detection of nitro explosives

One of the key challenges in rational design and synthesis of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) is defined control over size and morphology for using these materials in many more advanced applications. Combining ultrasonic method and capping groups makes it possible to control the size and change the morphology of metal organic frameworks without changing material compositions. Nano TMU-46, 47 and 48 with copper metal center and amide functionalized pillar were synthesized by using ultrasonic irritation and characterized by FE-SEM, powder X-ray diffraction, elemental analysis, and FTIR spectroscopy. Sensing properties of these nano scale materials and the correlation between the nano structure and nitroaromatic compounds detection were studied. Nano TMU-46 due to its special and porous structure and available functional group show strong luminescence emission, which is selectively sensitive to Trinitrophenol (TNP) with a detection limit of 10⁻³ M. Furthermore, multiple morphological transition in the structure of these crystals were observed with using different modulators. This morphology transition, in fact, successfully led to significant change in sensing properties of this structure and decreased the detection limit to 10⁻⁵ M.     

Noble Metal Decorated Graphene-Based Gas Sensors and Their Fabrication: A Review

Research on graphene/nanostructure hybrid materials has been gaining momentum in recent years, with wide-ranging applications in gas sensing and detection. Specifically, noble metal decorated graphene-based novel structures were found to be extremely sensitive and selective owing to the synergistic effect of the compound configuration. In this article, recent developments in graphene/noble metal nanostructure hybrids and their promising potential in gas sensing applications has been highlighted. More significantly, an understanding of the electronic mechanism of gas sensing is presented with a specific emphasis on electron transfer and junctions effects at the graphene/nanostructure interfaces. Finally, the future research prospects of application of bi-metallic and tri-metallic nanostructure/graphene-based hybrids and the challenges in this new and rapidly growing domain are discussed.     

Electronic tongue — An array of non-specific chemical sensors — For analysis of radioactive solutions

A variety of novel sensing materials on the basis of phosphine oxides for solvent polymeric sensors have been developed and studied. It was found that phosphine oxide sensors exhibit good sensitivity to rare earth metal cations, such as La³⁺, Pr³⁺, Nd³⁺, Eu³⁺ and also to Y³⁺. Polymeric sensors can be comprised into electronic tongue sensor arrays that may allow detection of several rare-earth metal ions simultaneously in mixed solutions. Such sensor arrays are highly promising for environmental and industrial sensing, e.g., for analysis of spent nuclear fuel.     

Trace detection of light elements by laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS): Applications to non-conducting materials

The existence as well as concentration of light (low-atomic number) elements is directly related to some of the most important properties of almost all materials. Thus, the development of a direct, fast, and sensitive spectroscopic method for the analytical quantification of these elements is considered an important continuing challenge in many fields. In this report, results obtained from previous as well as most recent studies regarding trace detection of light elements in non-conducting materials by laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) technique are reviewed for the first time. Firstly, we introduce investigations performed in the far- and vacuum-UV as well as UV-visible-NIR spectral domains, and cover many non-conducting materials including gases, aerosols, soil, cement, and selected organic compounds. The report also demonstrates important analytical results for the elements lithium, beryllium, boron, carbon, fluorine, phosphorus, sulfur, and chlorine. In addition, key characterization information relating to a specific element in a given matrix and state is summarized in such a way that relevant resources can easily be traced. Furthermore, in order to facilitate tracking down the evolution of the technique for a particular material category, a chronological order has been devised. In the second part of the review, the latest developments and advances in instrumentation and methodologies of the LIBS technique, particularly in the realm of light elements detection, are discussed. The sensitive detection of light elements in the UV-VIS-NIR is still unsatisfactory, and more work is needed in order to achieve better analytical performance in terms of precision, accuracy and limits of detection. The author anticipates that significant sensitivity improvements should be realized by combining LIBS, employing femtosecond laser pulses, with other diagnostic techniques based on probing the plasma via diode lasers.     

基于光纤微结构加工和敏感材料物理融合的光纤传感技术

将功能敏感材料与光纤在物理层面进行有机融合,充分发挥光纤传感器在结构集成、材料集成等方面的优势,将有望发展新型的光纤传感器件和系统.本文综述了飞秒激光光纤微加工技术分别在标准的单模光纤和光纤光栅上制备微结构,再结合敏感材料制备技术,实现在物理层面上光纤传感器材料和结构的集成和融合,探索实现新型高性能的光纤传感新技术.     

Progress in improving thermodynamics and kinetics of new hydrogen storage materials

Hydrogen storage material has been much developed recently because of its potential for proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell applications. A successful solid-state reversible storage material should meet the requirements of high storage capacity, suitable thermodynamic properties, and fast adsorption and desorption kinetics. Complex hydrides, including boron hydride and alanate, ammonia borane, metal organic frameworks (MOFs), covalent organic frameworks (COFs) and zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs), are remarkable hydrogen storage materials because of their advantages of high energy density and safety. This feature article focuses mainly on the thermodynamics and kinetics of these hydrogen storage materials in the past few years.     

Synthesis,Morphological Control,and Properties of Silver Nanoparticles in Potential Applications

Nanostructured materials, especially nanoparticles (NPs), of noble metal NPs such as silver (Ag) have been the focus of research in recent decades because of their distinct physical, chemical, and biological properties. These materials have attracted considerable attention because of their potential applications, such as catalysis, biosensing, drug delivery, and nanodevice fabrication. Previous studies on Ag NPs have clearly demonstrated that their electromagnetic, optical, and catalytic properties are strongly influenced by their shape, size, and size distribution, which can be varied by using different synthetic methods, reducing agents, and stabilizers. The valuable optical properties of Ag NPs have allowed for new approaches in sensing and imaging applications, offering a wide range of detection modes, such as colorimetric, scattering, and surface‐enhanced Raman scattering techniques, at extremely low detection limits. Here, an overview of the various chemical, physical, and biological properties of Ag NP fabrication approaches to obtain the various shapes and sizes is presented.     

紫外拉曼光谱及其在催化研究中的应用

本文介绍了紫外拉曼光谱及其在催化研究中的应用。研究内容包括积炭 ,担载型过渡金属氧化物 ,分子筛 ,杂原子分子筛中骨架杂原子的识别和有机物的单层分散等。由于避开荧光干扰和使用较短波长的激发线提高了拉曼光谱的灵敏度和信噪比 ,特别是利用拉曼共振效应 ,不但灵敏度大幅度提高 ,而且与紫外吸收相关的局部结构被选择地鉴别。紫外拉曼光谱拓宽了拉曼光谱在催化 ,生物化学和材料科学等领域的应用。     

Recent advances in cataluminescence gas sensor: Materials and methodologies

Cataluminescence (CTL), one kind of the chemiluminescence, generates on the surface of solid catalyst during a heterogeneous catalytic oxidation reaction with the advantages of high sensitivity, fast response, simple instrument and longtime stability. This review provides the advances in CTL, mainly discussed the developments of sensing materials, detection technologies and application of CTL in recent 3 years. Also, we proposed various prospects and expectations of CTL-based sensor system at the end of this paper.