王水提取-在线氩气稀释-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定地质样品中的银

采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法（ICP-MS）测定地质样品中的银（Ag）时,会遭受以锆（Zr）源为代表的氧化物与氢氧化物质谱干扰。本文建立了一种基于王水提取-在线氩气稀释-ICP-MS的分析方法,样品中超过90%的Zr组分在沸水浴-王水提取过程中被去除,样品溶液中残余Zr对107Ag所造成的质谱干扰,则通过在线氩气稀释技术（在样品气溶胶进入ICP炬焰前使用适量Ar气进行稀释）被有效消除（Zr0+ZrOH/Zr＜0.01%）。在最佳化的运行条件下,本方法获得的Ag方法检出限（LOD, 3σ)为1.86ng/g,20种国家地质标准参考物质在本方法下的分析结果与标准值相符,本方法能够充分应用于批量地质样品分析。     

动态反应池-电感耦合等离子体质谱法同时测定地质样品中的金和银

采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)测定地质样品中的痕量Au和Ag时会受到Zr,Nb,Ta,Hf元素的氧化物和氢氧化物的干扰,本研究利用碰撞反应池(DRC)技术,采用O_2作为反应气,将干扰物氧化成多氧化物和/或多氧氢化物以消除干扰,同时通入CH_4修饰Ar等离子体,提高Au和Ag的灵敏度,建立了ICP-MS同时测定地质样品中Au和Ag的方法。在反应气O_2流速为2.2 mL/min时,Ag在m/z 109处的干扰可以降低250多倍,Au在m/z 197处的干扰可以降低500多倍。修饰气CH_4流速为3 mL/min时,Au和Ag的灵敏度分别可以提高3倍和1.5倍。在优化的条件下,Au和Ag的定量限分别为0.01 ng/g和0.007 ng/g。该方法采用岩石标准参考物质进行了验证,结果令人满意。     

膜去溶-ICP-MS法测定高纯Eu_2O_3中14种痕量稀土杂质

研究了不需基体分离,膜去溶-ICP-MS法直接测定高纯Eu2O3中的14种痕量稀土杂质的分析方法。讨论了Eu基体产生的多原子离子对被测元素的质谱干扰。使用膜去溶后,待测元素灵敏度提高3倍左右,EuO/Eu产率从去溶前的0.016%降低为0.0007%。建立了Tm的数学校正方程,通过膜去溶结合数学校正可将Eu基体对Tm干扰完全消除。14种稀土杂质的检出限和(∑RE)为70 ng/L,测定下限和(∑RE)为0.54μg/g。对6N高纯Eu2O3样品进行了分析,样品回收率为96%~109%,RSD小于10%。所建立的方法对Eu2O3标准样品的测定结果与国家标准方法测定结果相一致。     

王水提取-电感耦合等离子体质谱法同时测定地质样品中微量银、镉、铋

样品用水浴加热、王水提取预处理,采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法同时测定了土壤、水系沉积物及岩石等地质样品中的痕量Ag、Cd和Bi。在样品预处理阶段,主要干扰元素Zr和Nb只有少量被溶出,而分析元素Ag、Cd和Bi的溶出趋于完全,这样在样品预处理阶段就完成了分析元素与干扰元素的有效分离,减小了多原子离子93Nb16O ,92Zr16OH ,92Mo16OH 对109Ag的干扰和95Mo16O ,94Zr16OH ,94Mo16OH 对111Cd的干扰。方法对实际样品的检出限(10σ,DF=300)Ag,Cd和Bi的质量分数分别为5.1,4.3和10.5ng/g。对不同含量样品7次测定的RSD为8.7%~1.8%。用该方法对土壤、水系沉积物及岩石等国家一级标准物质进行分析,分析数据均在标准推荐值的允许误差范围内。     

膜去溶-ICP-MS测定高纯CeO2中14种痕量稀土杂质分析方法研究

研究了不经基体分离, 膜去溶-ICP-MS法直接测定高纯CeO2中14种痕量稀土杂质的分析方法, 讨论了Ce基体产生的多原子离子对被测元素的质谱干扰, 并且对影响多原子离子产率的因素进行了分析, 同时建立了Pr, Gd, Tb和Yb数学校正方程. 通过使用膜去溶雾化器和优化ICP-MS参数, 消除了CeH+, CeO2+和CeO2H+产生的质谱干扰, 将CeO/Ce产率降为0.008%, 同时结合数学校正方程彻底消除了CeO+, CeOH+和CeOH2+的质谱干扰. Pr, Gd, Tb和Yb的方法测定下限分别为0.08, 0.1, 0.15和0.008 μg · g-1, 14种稀土杂质方法测定下限和为0.75 μg · g-1. 99.999%高纯CeO2实际样品测定加标回收率为96%～103%, RSD为 1.2%～4.3%.     

电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法同时测定地质样品中的Zr、Hf、Sc、Th

建立了一种用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法,同时测定地质样品中Zr、Hf、Sc、Th的方法。选择了ICP-AES同时测定上述4种元素的最佳工作条件。采用三乙醇胺-氢氧化物沉淀预先除去大量硅、铝、铁等,以消除其在测定时产生的干扰。考察了基体元素Mn的光谱干扰,采用干扰系数校正法扣除背景干扰。Zr、Hf、Sc、Th的检出限分别为3.69、0.45、0.07、0.41μg/g,RSD<10%。     

等离子体质谱法测定地质样品中痕量稀土元素的基体效应及多原子离子干扰的校正研究

采用模拟地质样品中稀土元素间天然组成比的基体匹配校正标准溶液进行外标校正,有效地抑制了地质样品分析中的基体效应;以¹¹⁵In-¹⁰³Rh双内标元素校正,监控和校正分析信号的短期和长期漂移;通过单个稀土元素及钡的氧化物、氢氧化物的测定计算出等效的干扰浓度,进而校正了稀土元素分析中多原子离子干扰.建立了地质样品中痕量稀土元素测定中基体效应及多原子离子干扰的校正方法,通过对5个标准参考物质的分析,定量测定限为0.0090.133μg·g^-1,RSD小于5%.     

电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定地质样品中银研究进展

应用电感耦合等离子体质谱（ICP-MS）测定地质样品中银时,锆、铌等元素干扰银的测定,造成准确度低、测定偏差大。采用银的富集、王水偏提取和化学分离法等方法可对干扰元素预分离,从而准确测定样品中银;而应用干扰校正方程及碰撞/反应池（CRC-ICP-MS）、膜去溶（DSN-ICP-MS）、激光剥蚀（LA-ICP-MS）和高分辨质谱（HR-ICP-MS）等新技术,能够更加方便、准确测定地质样品中银。     

等离子体质谱法测定地质样品中痕量稀土元素的基体效应 …

采用模拟地质样品中稀土元素间天然组成比的基体匹配校正标准溶液进行外标校正,有效地抑制了地质样品分析中的基体效应,以＾１１５Ｉｎ－＾１０３Ｒｈ双内标元素校正,监控和校正分析信号的短期和长期漂移;通过单个稀土元素及钡的氧化物,氢氧化物的测定计算出等效的干扰浓度,进而校正了稀土元素分析中多原子离子干扰。建立了地质样吕吕痕量稀土元素测定中基体效应及多原子离子干扰的校正方法。通过对５个标准参考物质的分析,定     

膜去溶进样高分辨电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定半导体级氢氟酸中杂质元素

利用高分辨电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定半导体级高纯氢氟酸中的痕量金属杂质,用膜去溶进样系统直接进样检测,无需前处理、快速,避免了在样品前处理时的污染问题。高分辨电感耦合等离子体质谱法可以消除多分子离子干扰,降低检出限,提高定量准确性。方法的检出限为0.09～37.07ng/L,加标回收率为92.3%～116.8%。方法简单,结果可靠,适用于高纯氢氟酸中痕量元素的快速测定。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Microwave-assisted copper-catalyzed stereoselective ring expansion of three-membered heterocycles with α-diazo-β-dicarbonyl compounds

Microwave-assisted copper-catalyzed ring expansions of three-membered heterocycles with α-diazo-β-dicarbonyl compounds were investigated. Thiiranes generated 3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiines in the presence of copper sulfate and trans-3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiines as stereospecific products for 1,2-disubstituted cis-thiiranes through an intramolecular S_N2 process. Oxiranes gave rise to 2-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-dioxines under the catalysis of copper hexafluoroacetylacetonate and cis-3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-dioxines as stereospecific products for 1,2-disubstituted cis-oxiranes via an intimate ion-pair mechanism. The current method provides a direct and simple strategy in efficient preparation of 3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiines and 2-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-dioxines, important agents in medicinal and agricultural chemistry, from readily available thiiranes and oxiranes, respectively.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.