火焰原子吸收光谱法测定炭末中银

炭末中银的准确测定对于其金属平衡和贸易结算具有重要意义。采用硝酸-硫酸体系除碳分解试样,在20%盐酸介质中,采用空气-乙炔火焰,以328.1nm作为测定波长,建立了火焰原子吸收光谱法（FAAS）测定炭末中银的方法。在最优的实验条件下,银质量浓度在0.30~3.00μg/mL范围内与其吸光度呈良好线性关系,相关系数为0.9999。方法检出限为0.004μg/mL,定量下限为0.013μg/mL。干扰试验表明,根据炭末中干扰元素含量,在载金炭国家标准物质中加入一定量的共存元素,共存元素不影响银量的测定。实验方法用于测定实际炭末样品中银,结果的相对标准偏差（RSD,n=7）为0.91%~3.4%,且结果与《GB∕T 29509.2-2013 载金炭化学分析方法 第2部分：银量的测定 火焰原子吸收光谱法》方法测定结果一致。按照实验方法测定了4个载金炭标准样品中银,结果与标准值吻合。准确度和精密度符合实际生产需求,可用于炭末中银的测定。     

硫脲络合–火焰原子吸收光谱法测定低硅铝合金中的银含量

采用硫脲络合–火焰原子吸收光谱法测定低硅铝合金中的银元素含量。实验探讨了酸度及硫脲用量对银测定的影响及铝合金中基体元素与共存元素对银元素分析线的干扰情况。结果表明:选用9%的盐酸和3%的硝酸溶解试样最好,加入5 mL 50 g/L硫脲溶液可消除氯离子对试验结果的影响,基体铝元素和其它共存元素不干扰银的测定。根据低硅铝合金中银元素的含量范围,合成系列标准溶液,建立工作曲线,工作曲线的线性范围为0.05%~0.50%。银元素含量为0.30%的样品测定结果的相对标准偏差为0.15%(n=8),标准加入回收率为96.8%~98.5%。该方法操作简便、重现性好、测量结果准确可靠。     

巯基棉分离富集-分光光度法测定矿石中银含量

矿石中银的测定主要采用原子吸收光谱法[1]和分光光度法,原子吸收光谱法准确、快速,但仪器较昂贵,不适合小型矿山及选厂对矿石中银测定的需要;而分光光度法测定银存在干扰问题。本工作提出了用巯基棉富集硝酸介质中的银,在pH 5.0的乙酸-乙酸钠缓冲溶液中,银与硫代米蚩酮(TMK)、吐温-80形成紫色配合物,与干扰元素分离[2-4],于波长540nm处测定。方法选择性好、准确度高,适合于较复杂矿石中银的测定。     

铅试金富集条件对KSCN滴定铜阳极泥中银的影响

针对铅试金重量法测定铜阳极泥中银时存在 Pb、Bi、Pd、Cu、Te 等元素干扰的问题,建立了铅试金捕集贵金属—硫氰酸钾滴定测定铜阳极泥中银。选取代表性、银品位较高的铜阳极泥为样品,在熔渣硅酸度 K=1.5,温度由 900℃升至 1100℃用时 40min 条件下熔炼 30min,在 920℃以 1.0g/min 金属铅的速度进行灰吹,灰吹结束后立即关闭电源,降温取出灰皿,合粒硝酸溶解后采 用 KSCN 直接滴定银,优化条件下银品位测定平均值为 86.31 kg/t（n=4）、RSD=0.42%,加标回收率在 98.85%~99.52%、RSD=0.28%。该法可有效消除 Pb、Bi、Pd、Cu、Te 等元素对银测定的影响,提高检测铜阳极泥中银品位的精确度。     

王水提取-在线氩气稀释-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定地质样品中的银

采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法（ICP-MS）测定地质样品中的银（Ag）时,会遭受以锆（Zr）源为代表的氧化物与氢氧化物质谱干扰。本文建立了一种基于王水提取-在线氩气稀释-ICP-MS的分析方法,样品中超过90%的Zr组分在沸水浴-王水提取过程中被去除,样品溶液中残余Zr对107Ag所造成的质谱干扰,则通过在线氩气稀释技术（在样品气溶胶进入ICP炬焰前使用适量Ar气进行稀释）被有效消除（Zr0+ZrOH/Zr＜0.01%）。在最佳化的运行条件下,本方法获得的Ag方法检出限（LOD, 3σ)为1.86ng/g,20种国家地质标准参考物质在本方法下的分析结果与标准值相符,本方法能够充分应用于批量地质样品分析。     

喹哪啶红萃取比色测定银

本文研究了在氨性溶液中用喹哪碇红发色,甲基异丁酮和醋酸异戊酯混合溶剂萃取后比色测定银。络合物的最大吸收峰在525毫微米。克分子吸收系数为37.800。0—15微克银/10毫升服从比尔定律。络合物中银与喹哪啶红的组成比为1:4。微量铂、金和卤族元素不干扰测定;在有EDTA和柠檬酸铵等掩蔽剂存在下,一般常见元素也均不干扰测定。应用于铅锌矿中银的测定,操作简便,准确度和重现性均较好。     

全自动石墨消解-火焰原子吸收光谱法测定矿石中银的含量

<正>银是8种贵金属元素之一,在电子工业、照相等领域应用广泛。研究矿石中银的分析方法,对于矿石的开采利用和贸易结算具有重要意义。目前,测定矿石中银含量的方法有火试金法、硫氰酸钾滴定法、火焰原子吸收光谱法等[1]。其中,火试金法对于铅、铋、碲含量高的样品需要采用减杂法得出银的含量,操作繁琐;硫氰酸钾滴定法通常需要与火试金技术结合使用,准确度高、精密度好,但对于钯含量较高的样品需要先消除钯干扰后,才能进行滴定;     

电感耦合等离子体质谱测定地质样品中多种元素

用电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)测定了地质样品中多种元素。考察了测量过程中的基体效应及质谱干扰,利用In内标,补偿由于基体效应的影响所引起的测量偏差,建立校正公式校正质谱干扰。方法的检出限为0.06~250ng/L,精密度为1.7%~3.2%,加标回收率为91%~108%,方法适于批量地质样品分析。     

二氧化钛中杂质元素ICP-MS法测定的研究

本文报道了用电感耦合等离子质谱（ICP-MS）测定二氧化钛中18种杂质元素的方法。样品用浓硫酸及固体硫酸铵溶解至清亮后,加入内标元素45Sc、115In、205Tl,用内标法直接测定。讨论了二氧化钛的基体效应及钛产生的质谱干扰对测定结果的影响。方法的检出限是0．03～12．0ng／mL,相对标准偏差是1．4～12．5％,加标回收率是92．0％～103％。该法具有简便、快速、灵敏、准确等优点。     

岩石矿物中银的容量法测定

原子吸收法测定岩石矿物中银,是目前地质样样品中低含t银的较好的分析方法.但在测定1。。g/T以上的银时,结果不理想.鉴于地质工作的发展,要求侧定高含t银的样品日益增多,因此,制定一个高     

电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)法测定钒银矿中硒

提出了电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)法测定钒银矿中硒的含量。样品经逆王水加高氯酸溶解,并采用内标法消除了可能存在的质谱干扰。实验结果表明,方法检出限为0.066ng/mL,加标回收率为94%~104%,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=7)均小于5.0%。方法简单、快速、准确,适用于钒银矿中硒含量的测定。     

电感耦合等离子体发射光谱(ICP-OES)在地质样品中的研究进展

电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪在地质样品无机元素分析测试中常用,具有灵敏度高,干扰小,测定线性范围广、稳定性好等优点。本文就电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定地质土壤,岩石样品时,综述了酸溶法、碱熔法、烧结法三种消解体系各自特点及消解剂的特性;详细分析了样品测定时外标法、内标法、标准加入法的选择及应用;探讨了样品测试时仪器条件的优化措施,同时对电感耦合等离子体发射光谱的干扰及校正做了分析。最后,对电感耦合等离子体发射光谱测定技术在地质样品中非金属元素分析物测定的应用及未来发展进行了展望。     

电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定地质样品中钨时对锌的光谱干扰校正

采用硝酸-氢氟酸-高氯酸消解样品,电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定地质样品中的钨.讨论了Zn 207.908对W 207.911的光谱干扰,并应用光谱干扰系数校正法(IEC)校正干扰.结果表明:Zn对W的光谱干扰可以用IEC进行有效的消除,进行光谱校正后的结果明显优于未加校正的试验结果.     

A new strategy of solution calibration in laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry for multielement trace analysis of geological samples

Because multielement trace analysis by laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) is often limited by the lack of suitable reference materials with a similar matrix composition, a novel quantification strategy using solution calibration was developed. For mass spectrometric multielement determination in geological samples a quadrupole-based LA-ICP-MS is coupled with an ultrasonic nebulizer (USN). In order to arrange matrix matching the standard solutions are nebulized with a USN during solution calibration and simultaneously a blank target (e.g. lithium borate) is ablated with a focused laser beam. The homogeneous geological samples were measured using the same experimental arrangement where a 2% nitric acid is simultaneously nebulized with the USN. Homogeneous targets were prepared from inhomogeneous geological samples by powdering, homogenizing and fusing with a lithium borate mixture in a muffle furnace at 1050 degrees C. Furthermore, a homogeneous geological glass was also investigated. The quantification of analytical results was performed by external calibration using calibration curves measured on standard solutions. In order to compare two different approaches for the quantification of analytical results in LA-ICP-MS, measured concentrations in homogeneous geological targets were also corrected with relative sensitivity coefficients (RSCs) determined using one standard solution only. The analytical results of LA-ICP-MS on various geological samples are in good agreement with the reference values and the results of other trace analytical methods. The relative standard deviation (RSD) for trace element determination (N = 6) is between 2 and 10%.     

A new strategy of solution calibration in laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry for multielement trace analysis of geological samples

Because multielement trace analysis by laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) is often limited by the lack of suitable reference materials with a similar matrix composition, a novel quantification strategy using solution calibration was developed. For mass spectrometric multielement determination in geological samples a quadrupole-based LA-ICP-MS is coupled with an ultrasonic nebulizer (USN). In order to arrange matrix matching the standard solutions are nebulized with a USN during solution calibration and simultaneously a blank target (e.g. lithium borate) is ablated with a focused laser beam. The homogeneous geological samples were measured using the same experimental arrangement where a 2% nitric acid is simultaneously nebulized with the USN. Homogeneous targets were prepared from inhomogeneous geological samples by powdering, homogenizing and fusing with a lithium borate mixture in a muffle furnace at 1050?°C. Furthermore, a homogeneous geological glass was also investigated. The quantification of analytical results was performed by external calibration using calibration curves measured on standard solutions. In order to compare two different approaches for the quantification of analytical results in LA-ICP-MS, measured concentrations in homogeneous geological targets were also corrected with relative sensitivity coefficients (RSCs) determined using one standard solution only. The analytical results of LA-ICP-MS on various geological samples are in good agreement with the reference values and the results of other trace analytical methods. The relative standard deviation (RSD) for trace element determination (N = 6) is between 2 and 10%.     

微波密闭消解-ICP-MS－标准加入法测定矿石中金和银

建立了微波密闭消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)采用标准加入法测定矿石中痕量元素金和银。考察了微波试样消解、基体效应、质谱干扰,并进行了ICP离子源以及质谱仪检测条件和微波消解参数的最优化。以标准加入法消除复杂多变的矿石基体对分析信号的影响,干扰校正方程消除多原子离子等质谱重叠影响。本法测定矿石中金银结果表明:回收率为197Au 106%～113%、107Ag 95%～105%、 109Ag 93%～103%,相对标准偏差RSD <6%（n=8）,检测限197Au为10 ng/g、107Ag为3 ng/g、109Ag为6 ng/g。方法适用性强,可满足不同类型矿石中超痕量金银的测定,分析步骤少,操作简便,快捷准确     

利用新的指示反应催化光度测定痕量银

催化动力学分析法测定痕量银的报导相对较少,至今仅二十多篇^[1-4],其中大多数是以过硫酸盐作氧化剂。用H₂O₂作氧化剂的体系文献报导很少^[5]。本文在实验基础上,发现在Na₃PO₄-Na₂PO₄介质中,银能催化H₂O₂氧化硫酸对氨基二乙基苯胺,得紫红色产物,其颜色随时间延长而加深,反应速度在一定范围内随银用量增大而加速。本文研究了一系列反应条件之后,拟定出了催化光度测定痕量银的分析方法。     

活性炭吸附-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定化探样品中痕量金

采用王水溶样,活性炭动态吸附富集,电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定化探样品中痕量金,优化了样品分解、吸附条件、干扰消除等条件。结果表明,检出限0．13ng／mL,RSD〈4．7％,回收率97．63％～103．35％。该法准确可靠、简便快速,能满足化探样品检测要求。     

Inorganic trace analysis by mass spectrometry

Mass spectrometric methods for the trace analysis of inorganic materials with their ability to provide a very sensitive multielemental analysis have been established for the determination of trace and ultratrace elements in high-purity materials (metals, semiconductors and insulators), in different technical samples (e.g. alloys, pure chemicals, ceramics, thin films, ion-implanted semiconductors), in environmental samples (waters, soils, biological and medical materials) and geological samples. Whereas such techniques as spark source mass spectrometry (SSMS), laser ionization mass spectrometry (LIMS), laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS), glow discharge mass spectrometry (GDMS), secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) have multielemental capability, other methods such as thermal ionization mass spectrometry (TIMS), accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) and resonance ionization mass spectrometry (RIMS) have been used for sensitive mono- or oligoelemental ultratrace analysis (and precise determination of isotopic ratios) in solid samples. The limits of detection for chemical elements using these mass spectrometric techniques are in the low ng g⁻¹ concentration range. The quantification of the analytical results of mass spectrometric methods is sometimes difficult due to a lack of matrix-fitted multielement standard reference materials (SRMs) for many solid samples. Therefore, owing to the simple quantification procedure of the aqueous solution, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) is being increasingly used for the characterization of solid samples after sample dissolution. ICP-MS is often combined with special sample introduction equipment (e.g. flow injection, hydride generation, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) or electrothermal vaporization) or an off-line matrix separation and enrichment of trace impurities (especially for characterization of high-purity materials and environmental samples) is used in order to improve the detection limits of trace elements. Furthermore, the determination of chemical elements in the trace and ultratrace concentration range is often difficult and can be disturbed through mass interferences of analyte ions by molecular ions at the same nominal mass. By applying double-focusing sector field mass spectrometry at the required mass resolution—by the mass spectrometric separation of molecular ions from the analyte ions—it is often possible to overcome these interference problems. Commercial instrumental equipment, the capability (detection limits, accuracy, precision) and the analytical application fields of mass spectrometric methods for the determination of trace and ultratrace elements and for surface analysis are discussed.     

电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定钛合金中锆

建立电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法(ICP-AES)测定钛合金中锆元素的含量。采用盐酸-氢氟酸-硝酸溶解钛合金样品,选择357.247 nm为锆的分析谱线,通过基体匹配法消除基体钛的干扰,以电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定钛合金中锆的含量。锆的质量分数在0%~0.4%范围内与光谱强度呈良好的线性关系,相关系数大于0.999,定量下限为0.21%。测定结果的相对标准偏差小于2%(n=11),样品加标回收率为99.0%~102.7%。该方法快速、准确,能够满足实际生产中钛合金样品的测定要求。