无金属催化合成2,6-二氯嘌呤核苷和2-氯腺苷

提出了合成2,6-二氯嘌呤核苷和2-氯腺苷的新方法。 以商品化的2,6-二氯嘌呤和四乙酰核糖为原料,在5%(摩尔分数)三氟甲磺酸催化下,得到缩合物2',3',5'-三-O-乙酰基-2,6-二氯嘌呤核苷。 缩合物在浓H₂SO₄催化下,以89%的收率得到2,6-二氯嘌呤核苷;在NH₃/CH₃OH体系中氨解和脱除乙酰基,以92%的收率得到2-氯腺苷。 反应规模可以扩大到100 g,收率未降低。 该方法原料价格低廉,避免使用重金属催化剂,操作简便,中间体及产物可以通过结晶的方法纯化得到,显示出潜在的应用价值。     

无溶剂、无催化剂条件下α-腺嘌呤阿拉伯糖苷的合成

为了发展有效合成α-腺嘌呤阿拉伯糖苷的方法,以1,2,3,5-四-O-乙酰基-β-D-阿拉伯糖和6-氯嘌呤为原料,在微波辐射和无溶剂、无催化剂条件下反应得到中间体9-α-D-(2',3',5'-三-O-乙酰基)阿拉伯呋喃糖基-6-氯嘌呤,收率85%。该中间体物在Na2CO3催化下脱除乙酰基,然后"一锅"加入饱和的NH3/CH3OH溶液氨解,以90%的收率得到α-腺嘌呤阿拉伯糖苷。关键中间体9-α-D-(2',3',5'-三-O-乙酰基)阿拉伯呋喃糖基-6-氯嘌呤的合成反应规模可以扩大到100 g。类似地合成α-2-氟腺嘌呤阿拉伯糖苷和α-2-氨基腺嘌呤阿拉伯糖苷。     

N6-烷基-2-烷氧基腺苷化合物的合成及抗血小板凝集活性

以鸟瞟呤核苷(1)为原料,经羟基保护得到2’,3’,5’-三-O-乙酰基鸟嘌呤核苷(2),2与三氯氧磷反应得到2-氨基-6-氯-9-(2’,3’,5’-三-O-乙酰基-β-D-呋喃核糖)嘌呤(3),3经重氮化、水解和O-烷基化得到2-烷氧基-6-氯-9-(2’,3’,5’-三-O-乙酰基-β-D-呋喃核糖)嘌呤(4a～...     

卡培他滨的合成工艺改进

以D-核糖为起始原料经缩酮化、酯化、NaBH_4在DMSO与石油醚(1∶0.5∶1.5)还原、水解、无水醋酸钠催化酰化制备中间体(6a6b)与5-氟胞嘧啶进行Silyl反应制备同一构型的5′-脱氧-2′,3′-二-O-乙酰基-5-氟胞苷(7),(7)再与氯甲酸正戊酯进行酰胺化,最后水解去除乙酰基得到卡培他滨,总收率42.17%。HPLC纯度为99.81%。该新合成方法原料廉价易购、反应条件温和、操作简单,适合工业化生产。     

2′-O-乙酰基-3-酮基-10,11-脱水-12-O-咪唑酰基-6-O-甲基红霉素的合成

以2′-O-乙酰基-3-羟基-11,12-环碳酸酯-6-O-甲基红霉素为原料,通过DMSO/P2O5氧化其3-羟基;再以六甲基二硅胺基钠为碱,经消除、咪唑酰基化"一锅煮"方法合成了抗生素泰利霉素的关键中间体--2′-O-乙酰基-3-酮基-10,11-脱水-12-O-咪唑酰基-6-O-甲基红霉素,总收率68.3%.     

一种胞苷衍生物的合成

以胞苷为原料,首先通过单乙酰化反应保护-NH2;再分别用二对甲氧基三苯甲基氯和氯甲氧基三异丙基硅烷保护5-′OH和2-′OH;被保护的胞苷经磷酰化反应合成了一种用于制备RNA长链的胞苷衍生物单体——N-乙酰基-5′-O-二对甲氧基三苯甲基-2′-O-三异丙基硅氧甲基-3′-O-双(N,N-二异丙基氨基)(2-氰乙氧基)磷基胞苷(1),总收率29.8%。1及其中间体的结构经1H NMR,MS和元素分析表征。     

6-取代氨基-2-烷硫基腺苷化合物的合成及抗血小板凝聚活性

以鸟苷(1)为原料, 经过糖环保护得到2',3',5'-三-O-乙酰基鸟嘌呤核苷(2), 化合物2与三氯氧磷反应得到2-氨基-6-氯-9-(2',3',5'-三-O-乙酰基-β-D-呋喃核糖基)嘌呤(3), 化合物3经重氮化后再与二烷基二硫醚反应得到2-烷硫基-6-氯-9-(2',3',5'-三-O-乙酰基-β-D-呋喃核糖基)嘌呤(4a~4d), 化合物4a~4d与胺进行亲核取代反应后, 脱去糖环保护得到12个新型的6-取代氨基-2-烷硫基腺苷化合物(5a~5l). 采用¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR, IR和高分辨质谱(HRMS)对目标化合物的结构进行了确证, 并对所有化合物进行了体外抗血小板聚集活性测试. 结果表明, 当测试浓度为10 μmol/L时, 化合物5a~5l仍具有一定的抗凝活性, 其中, 6-(3-苯基丙基)氨基-2-丙硫基腺苷(5d)活性最为显著, 抑制率可达90.2%.     

无溶剂、无催化剂条件下α-腺嘌呤阿拉伯糖苷的合成

为了发展有效合成α-腺嘌呤阿拉伯糖苷的方法,以1,2,3,5-四-O-乙酰基-β-D-阿拉伯糖和6-氯嘌呤为原料,在微波辐射和无溶剂、无催化剂条件下反应得到中间体9-α-D-(2',3',5'-三-O-乙酰基)阿拉伯呋喃糖基-6-氯嘌呤,收率85%。 该中间体物在Na₂CO₃催化下脱除乙酰基,然后“一锅”加入饱和的NH₃/CH₃OH溶液氨解,以90%的收率得到α-腺嘌呤阿拉伯糖苷。 关键中间体9-α-D-(2',3',5'-三-O-乙酰基)阿拉伯呋喃糖基-6-氯嘌呤的合成反应规模可以扩大到100 g。 类似地合成α-2-氟腺嘌呤阿拉伯糖苷和α-2-氨基腺嘌呤阿拉伯糖苷。     

2-氯腺苷的合成研究

以价格低廉的商品化2',3',5'-三-O-乙酰基鸟苷为原料,和POCl3反应,将6位羰基转化为Cl,继而用亚硝酸叔丁酯和Sb Cl3体系,将2-NH2转化为Cl,最后在饱和的NH3/CH3OH溶液中选择性地将6-Cl氨解为-NH2,同时脱除乙酰基,以3步和72%的总收率得到2-氯腺苷。该方法不需要重金属催化剂,原料价格低廉,产物成本低,易于扩大生产。     

微波辐射下水中6-氯嘌呤(核苷)及8-溴嘌呤核苷的脱卤反应

以6-氯嘌呤,6-氯嘌呤核苷或8-溴嘌呤核苷为原料,微波辐射下与水合肼反应生成相应的6-肼嘌呤(2a～2e),6-肼嘌呤核苷(2f和2g)或8-肼嘌呤核苷(2h和2i);2在微波辐射下经Wolff-Kishner-HuangMinlon还原反应得到6-脱氯嘌呤,6-脱氯嘌呤核苷或8-脱溴嘌呤核苷,总收率46%～83%,其结构经1HNMR和13CNMR表征。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.