埋置量子点应力分布的有限元分析

通过衬底材料和外延材料的交替生长方式制备出多层排列的自组装量子点超晶格结构.这些埋置量子点的应力/应变场影响着它们的光电性能、压电性能以及力学稳定性.基于各向异性弹性理论的有限元方法,研究了埋置金字塔形应变自组织Ge/Si半导体量子点的应力/应变分布以及流体静应变和双轴应变分布,并与非埋置量子点的应力/应变分布做了比较,指出了它们之间的异同以及覆盖层对量子点应力/应变分布的影响. 关键词： 量子点 应力分布 应变分布     

基于权重函数优化的渐进多焦点镜片设计

探究渐进多焦点镜片间接法设计中权重函数和平均曲率分布对镜片光焦度和像散的影响。设计了两组权重函数分布以及平均曲率分布,提出了根据符合度矩阵重置镜片权重分布的优化方法。在相同参数下计算出5组具有不同权重函数和平均曲率分布的渐进多焦点自由曲面面型。对镜片进行加工和评价测量,实验结果表明：权重函数的形状、面积以及权重值的不同,可对镜片光学性能带来不同方面的优化,且权重函数和平均曲率分布共同影响镜片的光焦度和像散分布。     

光学速调管磁场测量和磁场误差分析

 给出了储存环光学速调管磁场的测量结果,包括轴向分布、横向分布均匀度以及积分场分布;分析了磁场分布的随机误差和系统误差,计算了积分多极场的大小; 讨论了非零积分场引起的闭轨畸变和对储存环工作点的影响。     

侧面抽运掺Yb3+双包层光纤激光器的理论研究

建立了侧面抽运掺Yb3+双包层光纤激光器的数值模型,推导出激光分布的近似解析式,并进行了数值模拟,得到了光纤内抽运光和激光功率的分布特性,以及激光输出功率随抽运光注入位置,光纤长度以及端镜反射率的变化关系.结果表明,抽运光注入位置对激光分布和激光输出功率有较大的影响.     

简谐势阱中理想任意子气体的空间分布与动量分布

应用分数不相容统计,求出了球对称简谐势阱中有限理想任意子气体的广义费米能和广义费米温度,揭示了广义费米能、广义费米温度的粒子数效应及其物理实质.导出了零温和有限温度时任意子气体的空间分布和动量分布,给出了广义费米球及其半径,研究了统计参数和粒子数效应以及非零温时温度对分布的影响,并与理想费米气体的空间分布及动量分布进行了比较.     

基于拖尾分布的高分辨率合成孔径雷达图像建模

基于中心极限定理的合成孔径雷达(SAR)图像统计分布不能反映高分辨率SAR图像尖峰和厚尾的统计特征.文中使用广义中心极限定理,由雷达回波的实部和虚部的对称稳定分布,得到SAR图像的拖尾分布(幅值图像的拖尾Rayleigh分布以及强度图像的拖尾指数分布),并以拖尾Rayleigh分布为例,讨论了拖尾分布的代数拖尾特征以及尖峰厚尾的统计特性.为了实现拖尾分布对高分辨率SAR图像的精确建模,基于第二类统计量,提出了对数累积量的参数估计方法,从而高效估计出拖尾分布的参数.真实SAR图像的建模实例表明,基于广义中心极限定理的拖尾分布可以精确描述高分辨率SAR图像的尖峰和厚尾的统计特征.     

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将等离子体作为磁流体,考虑其流体属性和电磁属性,介绍了利用FLUENT软件包并将其进行二次开发,解算电磁场方程、质量连续性方程、动量守恒方程、以及能量守恒方程的数值模拟方法,得到了以磁矢势为表达形式的电磁场分布、温度分布和速度分布.数值模拟了粉末球化所用的感应耦合等离子体炬电磁场分布、温度分布、速度分布.分析了温度分布、速度分布产生的物理原因,为感应耦合等离子体炬球化粉末颗粒提供理论性指导.     

重力场中理想气体密度分布的 Monte Carlo 模拟

利用Monte Carlo 方法模拟了重力场中理想气体的密度分布,直观展现了重力场中气体分子位置的改变和分布特点,讨论了分子质量和系统温度对气体密度分布曲线以及重力势能零点处密度n0的影响.模拟结果与玻耳兹曼分布律完全吻合.另外,模拟结果表明玻耳兹曼分布律不仅对纯的理想气体成立,而且对混合理想气体中各成分气体也成立.     

键合界面阻抗对VCSEL的电、热学特性的影响

采用一电阻层来表征键合界面处的阻抗.通过求泊松方程、电流密度方程、载流子扩散方程以及有源层结压降方程自洽解的方法，计算了VCSEL的电势分布，进而求解热传导方程，得到VCSEL的温度分布.详细分析了键合界面阻抗对晶片键合结构垂直腔面发射激光器内部的电势分布、温度分布以及有源层中的注入电流密度、载流子浓度、结压降和温度沿径向分布的影响.     

质子治疗装置的束流扩展研究

对扩展质子束流的双环双散射体方法进行了探讨, 研究了它的束流分布函数与束利用率和束分布均匀性的关系, 以及照射野形成距离的改变和束偏离对束流分布的影响. 计算了散射体的厚度与照射野的关系, 并提出了用液体散射体代替固体散射体的可能性.     

Entropy-Based Shear Stress Distribution in Open Channel for All Types of Flow Using Experimental Data

Korean river design standards set general design standards for rivers and river-related projects in Korea, which systematize the technologies and methods involved in river-related projects. This includes measurement methods for parts necessary for river design, but does not include information on shear stress. Shear stress is one of the factors necessary for river design and operation. Shear stress is one of the most important hydraulic factors used in the fields of water, especially for artificial channel design. Shear stress is calculated from the frictional force caused by viscosity and fluctuating fluid velocity. Current methods are based on past calculations, but factors such as boundary shear stress or energy gradient are difficult to actually measure or estimate. The point velocity throughout the entire cross-section is needed to calculate the velocity gradient. In other words, the current Korean river design standards use tractive force and critical tractive force instead of shear stress because it is more difficult to calculate the shear stress in the current method. However, it is difficult to calculate the exact value due to the limitations of the formula to obtain the river factor called the tractive force. In addition, tractive force has limitations that use an empirically identified base value for use in practice. This paper focuses on the modeling of shear-stress distribution in open channel turbulent flow using entropy theory. In addition, this study suggests a shear stress distribution formula, which can easily be used in practice after calculating the river-specific factor T. The tractive force and critical tractive force in the Korean river design standards should be modified by the shear stress obtained by the proposed shear stress distribution method. The present study therefore focuses on the modeling of shear stress distribution in an open channel turbulent flow using entropy theory. The shear stress distribution model is tested using a wide range of forty-two experimental runs collected from the literature. Then, an error analysis is performed to further evaluate the accuracy of the proposed model. The results reveal a correlation coefficient of approximately 0.95–0.99, indicating that the proposed method can estimate shear-stress distribution accurately. Based on this, the results of the distribution of shear stress after calculating the river-specific factors show a correlation coefficient of about 0.86 to 0.98, which suggests that the equation can be applied in practice.     

Droplet growth by coalescence in binary fluid mixtures

The evolution of the drop-size distribution in immiscible fluid mixtures following well-specified shear histories is investigated by in situ microscopy, allowing determination of the shear-induced coalescence efficiency epsilon. At small capillary number Ca, epsilon is constant, whereas at larger values of Ca, epsilon decreases, in agreement with theory accounting for slight deformation of the drops in close approach. Coalescence causes the drop-size distribution to broaden in general, but greater deformation of the larger drops at high shear rates causes the drop-size distribution to remain narrow.     

Shear stress fluctuations in the granular liquid and solid phases

We report on experimentally observed shear stress fluctuations in both granular solid and fluid states, showing that they are non-Gaussian at low shear rates, reflecting the predominance of correlated structures (force chains) in the solidlike phase, which also exhibit finite rigidity to shear. Peaks in the rigidity and the stress distribution's skewness indicate that a change to the force-bearing mechanism occurs at the transition to fluid behavior, which, it is shown, can be predicted from the behavior of the stress at lower shear rates. In the fluid state stress is Gaussian distributed, suggesting that the central limit theorem holds. The fiber bundle model with random load sharing effectively reproduces the stress distribution at the yield point and also exhibits the exponential stress distribution anticipated from extant work on stress propagation in granular materials.     

Exact solutions for free vibration of shear-type structures with arbitrary distribution of mass or stiffness.

In this paper, shear-type structures such as frame buildings, etc., are treated as nonuniform shear beams (one-dimensional systems) in free-vibration analysis. The expression for describing the distribution of shear stiffness of a shear beam is arbitrary, and the distribution of mass is expressed as a functional relation with the distribution of shear stiffness, and vice versa. Using appropriate functional transformation, the governing differential equations for free vibration of nonuniform shear beams are reduced to Bessel's equations or ordinary differential equations with constant coefficients for several functional relations. Thus, classes of exact solutions for free vibrations of the shear beam with arbitrary distribution of stiffness or mass are obtained. The effect of taper on natural frequencies of nonuniform beams is investigated. Numerical examples show that the calculated natural frequencies and mode shapes of shear-type structures are in good agreement with the field measured data and those determined by the finite-element method and Ritz method.     

Molecular origin of shear thickening in transient polymer networks: A molecular dynamics study

This paper proposes a simple model of transient networks of telechelic associating polymers for molecular simulations and reports the main results obtained by molecular dynamics on the rheological properties of the transient networks. The steady shear viscosity obtained by the non-equilibrium molecular dynamics simulation exhibits shear thickening at moderate shear rates and shear thinning at larger shear rates. The behavior is similar to that observed in experiments of telechelic associating polymers. By analyzing the distribution function of the end-to-end vector of bridge chains as a function of the shear rate, we find that shear thickening is mainly caused by the stress from the bridge chains highly stretched by shear flow. We also find that fracture of the transient network occurs in the shear-thinning regime at high shear rates.     

Local friction at a sliding interface between an elastomer and a rigid spherical probe

This paper reports on spatially resolved measurements of the shear stress distribution at a frictional interface between a flat rubber substrate and a glass lens. Silicone rubber specimens marked close to their surface by a colored pattern have been prepared in order to measure the surface displacement field induced by the steady-state friction of the spherical probe. The deconvolution of this displacement field then provides the actual shear stress distribution at the contact interface. When a smooth glass lens is used, a nearly constant shear stress is achieved within the contact. On the other hand, a bell-shaped shear stress distribution is obtained with rough lenses. These first results suggest that simple notions of real contact area and constant interface shear stress cannot account for the observed changes in local friction when roughness is varied.     

同向与反向切变载荷条件下管道中扭转模态导波激励分析

对轴对称多元同向与反向切变载荷施加方式下管道中扭转模态导波T(0,1)的激励问题进行了分析。采用简正模态展开技术,首先分析了不同切变载荷方向下T(0,1)导波的产生机理,建立了导波激励声场与边界载荷的量化关系。在此基础上,结合实验研究,分析了载荷周向分布参数对T(0,1)导波激励的影响,得到了高效激励T(0,1)导波所需的载荷周向分布条件。研究表明,利用轴对称的多元同向切变载荷激励T(0,1)导波是一种实用、高效的方法;而对于多元反向切变载荷则往往要求换能器与管道具备良好的耦合性能。通过优化同向切变载荷的周向分布参数,如增加载荷周向分布角度、减小载荷间隙与宽度比,将有助于获得高信噪比的T(0,1)导波.      

Modeling shear modulus distribution in magnetic resonance elastography with piecewise constant level sets

Magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) is designed for imaging the mechanical properties of soft tissues. However, the interpretation of shear modulus distribution is often confusing and cumbersome. For reliable evaluation, a common practice is to specify the regions of interest and consider regional elasticity. Such an experience-dependent protocol is susceptible to intrapersonal and interpersonal variability. In this study we propose to remodel shear modulus distribution with piecewise constant level sets by referring to the corresponding magnitude image. Optimal segmentation and registration are achieved by a new hybrid level set model comprised of alternating global and local region competitions. Experimental results on the simulated MRE data sets show that the mean error of elasticity reconstruction is 11.33% for local frequency estimation and 18.87% for algebraic inversion of differential equation. Piecewise constant level set modeling is effective to improve the quality of shear modulus distribution, and facilitates MRE analysis and interpretation.     

Fluctuations of energy injection rate in a shear flow

We study the instantaneous and local energy injection in a turbulent shear flow driven by volume forces. The energy injection can be both positive and negative. Extremal events are related to coherent streaks. The probability distribution is asymmetric, deviates slightly from a Gaussian shape and depends on the position in shear direction. The probabilities for positive and negative injection are exponentially related, but the prefactor in the exponent varies across the shear layer.     

Statistics of particle velocities in dense granular flows

We present measurements of the particle velocity distribution in the slow flow of granular material through vertical channels. The velocities of particles adjacent to the smooth, transparent front face of the channel were determined by video imaging and particle tracking. We find that the mean velocity changes sharply in shear layers near the side walls, but remains constant in a substantial core. The velocity distribution is non-Gaussian, is anisotropic, and follows a power law at large velocities. Remarkably, the distribution is identical in the shear layer and the core. We show evidence of spatially correlated motion, and propose a mechanism for the generation of fluctuational motion in the absence of shear.