不同雾化模式下乙醇静电喷雾冷却换热特性

为揭示静电喷雾冷却过程传热强化机制,设计搭建了静电喷雾冷却传热实验台,对比研究了滴状、微滴、锥射流及多股射流模式下的喷雾粒径、喷雾速度等雾化特性,分析了雾化模式及工质流量对冷却换热性能的影响规律。研究结果表明,随着电压逐渐增加,喷雾粒径不断减小、喷雾速度不断增大,且电场力逐渐主导液体破碎及喷雾液滴撞击换热面过程;此外,随着雾化模式由滴状/微滴转变为锥射流/多股射流时,电场力可有效促进单相换热区的喷雾液滴铺展以及抑制过热状态下的液滴反弹,使核态沸腾阶段向更高表面温度方向延伸,喷雾冷却换热能力显著提升。     

三组元乳化液雾化特性的研究

采用Malvern粒度仪对柴油、甲醇和水三组元乳化液的雾化特性进行了研究。实验发现:对于压力雾化喷嘴来说,本文所涉及的乳化液由于粘度高于纯柴油,因此雾化效果比纯柴油差,而且喷射压力、乳化剂的粘度和乳化液的组份对乳化液的雾化特性具有显著的影响。随着喷射压力的升高,乳化液喷雾粒径将随之减小;若乳化液中柴油的含量(柴油不少于50％)降低,乳化液的雾化粒径将随之增加;若采用高粘度的乳化剂,相应乳化液喷雾的粒径也大。     

脱硫废水液滴与飞灰颗粒碰撞特性数值研究

在利用烟道余热喷雾蒸发脱硫废水时,烟道中的飞灰会与喷雾液滴发生碰撞,进而影响废水处理效率.本文利用大涡模拟(LES)和离散相模型(DPM),模拟脱硫废水喷入烟道的雾化过程及粒径分布,重点考察了烟道飞灰与喷雾液滴碰撞时烟道流场分布及液滴空间分布,分析了Stokes数和喷雾角对流场和空间分布的影响规律.研究结果表明,采用空气雾化喷嘴雾化333.33 L·h~(-1)的脱硫废水,喷雾液滴的粒径分布为20～250μm;无飞灰进入烟道时,Stokes小于1时喷雾液滴速度衰减极快,Stokes大于1时喷雾液滴速度衰减最慢,且喷雾角较大时衰减更快;含飞灰进入烟道时,由于动量交换,喷雾液滴速度衰减更快,且碰撞主要发生于速度衰减到35 m·s~(-1)后的位置.     

单元推进剂液滴在高温高压下的微爆现象观测

 利用挂滴装置和高速摄影系统研究了单元推进剂LP1846液滴在0.2～4.0 MPa、673～973 K工况下的微爆特性。观察到液滴在不同环境压力和温度下的3种微爆模式,即液滴在着火前的轻度破碎、液滴在燃烧时的部分破碎和全部爆碎,并给出了微爆过程的特征照片,定量测试了液滴微爆延迟期、微爆温度和微爆直径与环境压力、温度的关系。初步分析了液滴微爆机理,认为第一种微爆机理主要是水组分的过热,第二、三种微爆机理是液相化学反应。研究结果对控制LP1846燃烧稳定性和指导液体发射药火炮内弹道设计均有参考价值。     

高温横流燃气喷雾掺混的数值研究

高温高压条件下受限空间内旋流喷雾与横向气流的掺混规律尚不清楚,本文对圆形通道内高温燃气与旋流喷雾掺混蒸发过程进行了三维数值模拟,探究流场特征与掺混规律,研究增强流场掺混效果的方法。研究结果表明,四喷嘴周向均匀布置可以使雾化液滴群较均匀的充满掺混空间。相邻喷嘴中间区域液滴群浓度较高,气相温降较大。靠近壁面区域出现多组小尺度的旋涡对结构,小尺度涡结构的发展是促进掺混蒸发过程的主要方式。喷嘴雾化锥角、轴向倾角、切向倾角影响雾化液滴滞留时间及喷雾轴向贯穿深度,进而对掺混效果有较大影响,选择适中的喷嘴雾化角及入射角有利于流场掺混均匀。     

双路离心式喷嘴雾化特性研究

在常温常压条件下,使用激光相位多普勒分析仪PDA(Phase Dopplor Analyzer)对某型双路离心式喷嘴的雾化 特性进行了试验研究。测量了不同工况下的喷雾特性参数,通过喷雾液滴粒子的索太尔平均直径SMD、通量及粒子速度 等量的变化规律分析了喷嘴的喷雾特性。     

喷钙脱硫系统中增湿活化器的作用以及液滴和固体颗粒的碰撞实验研究

本文介绍了喷钙脱硫系统的实验研究结果，在调试工况和Ｃａ／Ｓ＝２．１３下采用增湿活化器能增加脱硫率１２．２％；此值和液滴蒸发所需时间有关。本文还利用多脉冲激光全息冷态试验台，对雾化液滴与固体颗粒的碰撞做了初步研究，证实了碰撞的存在，为增湿脱硫机理中的碰撞模型提供了依据。     

二次脉冲气动喷雾系统的设计与实验研究

基于多相爆炸装置液雾燃爆的实验要求,设计了一套二次脉冲气动雾化系统,以水为液体介质对其喷雾过程进行了实验研究。通过数字图像处理技术和激光多普勒法对气液输送管段的流型结构,喷雾室内的气液掺混过程、喷雾张角、索特平均直径D32及尺寸分布进行了实验测定,得到了高压气室压力0.8~3.3 MPa、储液室液体50~500mL、电磁阀开启时长450ms条件下,气液输送管段呈现环状液膜流型为主,气液掺混过程为二次脉冲气动雾化,雾化张角在138°~170°之间,500ms时刻液滴的索特平均直径为61μm。     

空气雾化喷嘴喷雾特性实验研究

基于在低温环境下使用空气雾化喷嘴进行喷雾结冰实验的实际需求,在喷嘴投入使用前,标定了日本雾的池内公司生产的BIMJ 7004型空气雾化喷嘴的喷雾特性,包括各工况下的压缩空气流量、水流量,喷雾锥角和液滴群中值体积直径(MVD),并重点探究了环境温度对MVD的影响。实验结果表明,喷嘴喷雾的MVD受喷嘴气路和水路入口压力的影响最大,且基本不受环境温度的影响,即在0²0℃的环境温度下,喷雾距离D=0.8 m时,喷雾中心线处的液滴蒸发对MVD的影响很小。     

高速数字全息测量乙醇喷雾火焰中液滴三维位置、粒径及蒸发率

喷雾蒸发燃烧的研究对指导发动机燃烧系统设计具有重要意义。本文搭建了高速数字全息系统,在线测量乙醇喷雾火焰中液滴的粒径、三维位置、速度及蒸发率。对喷雾火焰中的液滴进行了统计分析,得到液滴粒径及三维空间分布。燃烧喷雾场液滴的平均粒径为68μm;非燃烧火焰测试区液滴数量多且较密集,燃烧火焰测试区液滴数量少且稀疏.追踪单液滴并处理得到湍流火焰中液滴的运动轨迹及速度。通过研究粒径的平方D2随停留时间ts的变化,测得液滴平均蒸发率为-3.343×10-7 m2/s.     

Modeling droplet breakup processes under micro-explosion conditions

This paper presents a numerical model of micro-explosion for multicomponent droplets. The first part of the model addresses the mass and temperature distribution inside the droplet and the bubble growth within the droplet. The bubble generation is described by a homogeneous nucleation theory, and the subsequent bubble growth leads to the final explosion (i.e., breakup). The second part of the model determines when and how the breakup process proceeds. Unlike ad hoc/empirical approaches reported in the literature, the size and velocity of sibling droplets were determined by a linear instability analysis. After validated against available experimental data for bubble growth and homogeneous nucleation, the developed model was first used to study the effects of various parameters on the onset of micro-explosion. It was found that, optimum composition and high ambient pressure favor micro-explosion; however, extremely high pressures suppress micro-explosion because the volatility differential decreases. The vaporization behavior of an oxygenate diesel blend was analyzed at the end. It was found that micro-explosion is possible under typical diesel engine environments for this type of fuel. Occurrence of micro-explosion shortens the droplet lifetime, and this effect is stronger for droplets with larger sizes or a near 50/50 composition.     

Bubble Generation in Germanate Glass Induced by Femtosecond Laser

We report the observation of bubble generation and migration in a germanate glass during irradiation by a femtosecond laser of high repetition rate.Bubbles are formed around the focal area of the laser beam,and their movement indicates the presence of thermal gravity convection in the glass melt,which is beyond the existing theoretical model about temperature field of focal area.Inside the bubbles,oxygen molecules are observed by the confocal Raman micro-spectroscopy.The generation of molecular oxygen and bubbles is explained in terms of the spatial separation of Ge and O ions and micro-explosion inside the glass melt.     

单滴燃料热壁蒸发、微爆与着火的实验研究

多组分燃料在热板的蒸发与着火规律与空间相比,具有一些新的特点,特别是乳化油的贴壁燃烧现象更有重要意义。本文通过实验将多组分与单组分的燃烧情况进行了对比研究。结果表明：（１）易挥发组分的着火延迟在较低的温度条件下长于不易挥发份,在较高温度时情况相反。混合物则居于其中;（２）对于含水的乳化油,燃烧与微爆发生先后同的外界条件有关,其着火过程极为迅速。（３）乳化油中易挥发燃料含量较高,环境温度也较高时,微爆滞后很明显。     

Confined micro-explosion induced by ultrashort laser pulse at SiO2/Si interface

Ultrashort laser pulses tightly focused inside a transparent material present an example of laser interaction with matter where all the laser-affected material remains inside the bulk, thus the mass is conserved. In this paper, we present the case where the high intensity of a laser pulse is above the threshold for optical breakdown, and the material is ionised in the focal area. We consider in detail a special case where a micro-explosion is formed at the boundary of a silicon surface buried under a 10-micron-thick oxidised layer, providing the opportunity to affect the silicon crystal by a strong shock wave and creating new material phases from the plasma state. We summarise the main conclusions on ultrafast laser-induced material modifications in confined geometry and discuss the prospects of confined micro-explosion for forming new silicon phases.     

Optical diagnostics and direct injection of liquid fuel sprays

The research described here addresses the problem of a paucity of high quality data on the full field structure of high pressure liquid fuel sprays for gasoline direct injection, GDI, engines. The paper describes the application of phase Doppler anemometry, PDA, and single-shot laser sheet Mie imaging to the study of GDI sprays and discusses the methodologies adopted for the experimental systems and the optimisation of the techniques. Experimental data is presented which defines the spray structure in terms of PDA vector and scalar fields and single-shot CCD digital images. The work demonstrates the essential complementary nature of the single point and planar optical diagnostics for spray studies.     

Gas-phase velocity field measurements in dense sprays by laser-based flow tagging

It is demonstrated in this work that gas-phase velocity measurements can be performed in dense sprays by using a new 2D laser-based flow tagging technique. Velocity measurements in dense sprays, such as automotive direct injection (DI) Otto and Diesel sprays, are difficult with conventional techniques because of the high number densities of droplets, the optical thickness of the medium, and multiple light scattering effects. The present flow tagging technique is performed by two consecutive laser pulses, i.e., 'write' and 'read' lasers. The write laser creates a grid of tracer molecules (NO) by inducing a photodissociation process. The tracer molecules are convected with the flow and probed by the read laser after a certain delay. The instantaneous velocity field is determined by time-of-flight analysis.     

原子团簇对飞秒激光的吸收

使用800nm飞秒脉冲激光研究了Xe,Ar,He等原子团簇对激光的吸收.实验结果表明,脉冲阀门的工作压力、所使用的气体种类等因素对团簇的尺寸及团簇对激光的吸收影响很大.在阀门工作压力为20×10⁵Pa、激光功率密度为1×10¹⁵W/cm²的条件下,Xe团簇对激光的吸收高达45%.激光预脉冲的存在会降低原子团簇对激光能量的吸收.离子能量测量结果表明,团簇对激光的高效吸收导致较高离子温度等离子体的生 关键词： 原子团簇 飞秒激光 能量吸收效率 高能离子     

温度、湿度及压强对激光在水中衰减特性的影响

从实验上研究了不同大气环境(温度、湿度、气压)条件下532 nm激光在水中的衰减特性. 实验结果显示大气环境对激光的衰减系数有着重要的影响. 衰减系数随大气压强的增加而减小, 随温度的增加而增加, 最大衰减系数出现在最高水温和最低气压条件下. 当气压低并且温度高时, 衰减系数最大, 最大衰减系数值是最小衰减系数的三倍.在实验测量的基础上, 详细分析了大气环境影响激光衰减特性的物理机理, 研究结果对分析布里渊激光雷达海洋遥感探测具有重要意义.