氧化响应性含硒聚己内酯-b-聚磷酸酯三嵌段 聚合物胶束的合成及性能

以聚己内酯为大分子引发剂、异辛酸亚锡为催化剂引发磷酸酯单体2-乙氧基-2-氧-1,3,2-二氧磷酸酯环戊烷(EOP)开环聚合得到二嵌段的聚己内酯-b-聚磷酸酯聚合物PCL-PEEP。以1-(3-二甲氨基丙基)-3-乙基碳二亚胺,4-二甲氨基吡啶为偶合催化体系,以新合成的二羧酸含硒小分子3,3′-硒代二丙酸(Se-DCP)为偶联剂,得到含硒三嵌段聚合物PCL-PEEP-Se-PEEP-PCL,并采用溶剂挥发法制备该聚合物的胶束。通过核磁共振、红外光谱和凝胶渗透色谱对聚合物的结构进行了表征,通过荧光光谱、核磁共振氢谱、动态光散射和透射电镜对聚合物胶束的临界胶束浓度和氧化响应性进行了分析表征,利用噻唑蓝(MTT)比色法评价了聚合物胶束的生物相容性。结果表明:硒元素成功引入到聚合物中;聚合物胶束的临界胶束质量浓度为0.022mg/mL,胶束为平均粒径约91nm的球形;在过氧化氢的氧化条件下,胶束粒径出现不规则变化且球形胶束发生解组装;聚合物胶束具有良好的生物相容性。     

光敏感三臂星形聚[甲基丙烯酸2-(二甲氨基)乙酯]的合成及其光敏性能研究

以香豆素为光敏感基元,通过多步反应制备了三臂ATRP引发剂C-Br3,然后以CuBr/PMDETA为催化体系、甲基丙烯酸2-(二甲氨基)乙酯(DMAEMA)为单体,ATRP聚合法制备了三臂星形聚合物C-(PDMAEMA)3.用傅里叶变换红外光谱仪(FTIR)、紫外-可见光分光光度计(UV-Vis)和核磁共振仪(1H-NMR)等对C-Br3及聚合物进行了结构表征.研究表明,该三臂星形聚合物可在水中直接形成胶束,且该聚合物可在365和254 nm交替紫外光照下发生可逆光二聚反应.纳米粒度跟踪显示,光照前其胶束粒径为(87.7±27.8)nm、呈高斯分布;而在365和254 nm光反应后,聚合物胶束粒径大小与分布仅发生微弱变化.这可能是因为在光二聚反应前后,聚合物的双亲结构变化微弱所致.     

两亲性杂臂星型嵌段共聚物胶束的制备、表征及载药性能研究

以溴代异丁酰溴与3,5-二羟基苯甲酸制备3,5-二(2-溴-2丙酰氧基)苯甲酸,再与聚乙二醇单甲醚酯化,合成含溴大分子引发剂PEG-Br2。以苯乙烯为单体,利用原子转移自由基聚合方法(ATRP)合成了两种不同亲疏水段比例的两亲性星型杂臂嵌段共聚物PEG-b-(PS)2。本实验利用FTIR、1H-NMR、GPC等技术对聚合物的分子结构及分子量进行表征,利用透析法制备聚合物胶束;采用AFM对聚合物胶束的纳米结构进行观察;采用荧光探针法测得其临界胶束浓度(CMC)分别为0.99 mg·L-1和0.59 mg·L-1;利用DLS测得聚合物胶束粒径为150 nm左右;以疏水型抗肿瘤药物氨甲喋呤(MTX)为模型药物,对载药胶束的体外释药行为进行了研究,测得聚合物胶束的载药量分别为为13.32%和10.00%,包封率分别为61.75%和46.82%。结果表明,随着疏水段的增大,星型杂臂嵌段共聚物胶束药物包载量及CMC随之降低,且在人体pH条件下药物释放较低;同时发现两种载药胶束在肿瘤细胞酸性条件下释药速率增加。综上,此类结构的聚合物胶束作为抗肿瘤药物MTX的载体分子具有很好的应用前景。     

含香豆素基团超支化星形聚合物的合成与表征

设计并合成了含有香豆素基团的自引发单体, 与2-(2-甲氧基乙氧基)乙基甲基丙烯酸酯(MEO₂MA)进行自缩合乙烯基共聚合后得到超支化聚合物H-PMEO₂MA. 以其作为大分子引发剂, 进行二甲氨基乙基甲基丙烯酸酯(DMAEMA)的原子转移自由基聚合, 合成了具有温度响应性的超支化星形聚合物H-PMEO₂MA-star-PDMAEMA. 将此超支化星形聚合物在水中自组装成胶束后, 利用支化点处香豆素基团的光二聚性能, 在λ=320 nm的紫外光照射下进行香豆素间的光交联反应, 形成核交联胶束. 此核交联胶束在254 nm紫外光照射下则会发生解交联反应. 采用尼罗红作为模型药物, 将其装载到超支化星形聚合物胶束中, 研究了不同条件下的药物释放行为.     

聚肽-壳聚糖复合体系的自组装行为研究

以聚肽、壳聚糖为原料,制备复合纳米粒子,采用透射电镜、动态激光散射仪及Zeta电位分析仪、荧光光谱仪对制备成的聚肽-壳聚糖复合体系纳米粒子的形貌、粒径、Zeta电位及临界胶束浓度等自组装行为进行表征,结果表明:聚肽-壳聚糖复合体系纳米粒子是具有壳-核结构的球型粒子;纳米粒子平均粒径为240nm,粒径分布较均匀,稳定性较好;复合体系中聚肽的临界胶束浓度为4.55×10-4mg/mL.     

双重敏感的磺酸甜菜碱-姜黄素药物载体的合成和表征

合成了聚姜黄素-二硫键-聚甲基丙烯酸二乙胺基乙酯-聚磺酸甜菜碱(Cur-DA-ss-PDEA-PS,或简写为Cur-ss-PDEA-PS),采用核磁、红外对聚合物结构进行了表征,用示差扫描量热法测试了聚合物热性能.用溶剂挥发法制备聚合物胶束,形成了聚磺酸甜菜碱为亲水壳层、聚姜黄素为疏水核、二硫键作为还原敏感基团和聚甲基丙烯酸二乙氨基乙酯为p H敏感基团的胶束.用荧光分光光度计测定了临界胶束浓度,动态光散射以及扫描电镜对胶束结构及性质进行了表征.结果显示,胶束稳定性良好,粒径分布较窄,且具有p H敏感性和还原敏感性.胶束载药量及包封率测试结果显示,相比于聚己内酯为内核的聚合物胶束,聚姜黄素的引入提高了胶束对药物的封装效果.     

类肝素超支化聚醚的制备、组装及其生物相容性的研究

利用超支化的聚(3-乙基-3-羟甲基氧杂环丁烷)(HBPO)与1,3-丙烷磺内酯反应,制备了磺酸基修饰的水溶性的类肝素超支化聚醚(HBPO-SO3),1H-NMR和FTIR表征产物具有预期的结构.通过粒径分析仪、透射电镜(TEM)和荧光探针对聚合物在水溶液中的自组装行为进行表征,证明当HBPO-SO3在水溶液中的浓度大于0.017mg/mL时,可形成尺寸在25～70nm之间的具有疏水内核的胶束.复钙化凝血时间(PRT)的测定证明这种类肝素超支化聚醚具有良好的抗凝血性能,体外细胞活性测定和细胞形貌观察证明其具有良好的细胞相容性.     

有机半导体材料聚(3-己基噻吩)及[6,6]-苯基-C60丁酸甲酯在氯苯溶液中粒径研究

以聚(3-己基噻吩)(P3HT)为电子给体,[6,6]-苯基-C60丁酸甲酯(PCBM)为电子受体材料,制备了不同浓度活性层材料(P3HT:PCBM)的聚合物太阳能电池.通过对比电池性能参数,活性层表面形貌,进一步分析了氯苯溶剂中有机半导体材料的分散规律,并讨论了溶液温度和浓度对溶质粒径的影响,以及粒径大小对器件性能的影响.结果表明,溶液中溶质直径在4000 nm左右的粒子占有较大比例,溶液的浓度和温度对溶液中粒子的粒径有明显的影响,浓度较低时,溶质粒径受温度影响较大.相反,温度对高浓度溶液中的溶质粒径的影响作用减小.溶液浓度为12.67 mg/mL时,分散效果最好,具有最优的填充因子,浓度为19.00 mg/mL时,具有最优的短路电流和能量转换效率.     

嵌段共聚物聚(异丙基丙烯酰胺)-b-聚(双丙酮丙烯酰胺)制备及其对叶酸的载负和释放

以N-异丙基丙烯酰胺(NIPAm)和双丙酮丙烯酰胺(DAAM)为原料,采用可逆加成 断裂链转移(RAFT)可控聚合反应法合成了两亲性两嵌段共聚物 聚(异丙基丙烯酰胺)-b-聚(双丙酮丙烯酰胺)(PNIPAm-b-PDAAM),用红外光谱(FT-IR)、核磁共振(1H NMR)和凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)对其结构和组成进行了表征。 这种共聚物在水溶液中能够自组装成稳定的聚合物胶束,通过荧光探针测得其低临界胶束浓度(CMC)约为7.0 mg/L。 采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和动态激光光散射(DLS)测得,PNIPAm-b-PDAAM在水溶液中自组装成核壳结构的球形胶束,SEM测得其直径约150 nm,且分散性良好。 以其聚合物胶束为载体、叶酸(FA)为模型药物,模拟人体生理环境进行药物体外释放。 结果表明,叶酸的负载量及负载率分别为25%和74%。 在人体温度37℃、pH值分别为4.0、6.86、9.18磷酸缓冲溶液(PBS)中,FA在20 h内的释放均比25 ℃快,释放速率随pH值增加而增大,最大累积释放率分别为31%、67%和72%。     

稀溶液滴膜法制备聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯伸展链及其构象转变

采用聚苯乙烯-b-聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯嵌段共聚物(PS-b-PMMA)的甲苯稀溶液滴膜法制备PMMA伸展链,用原子力显微镜观察了PMMA分子链形貌及其在丙酮、水蒸气退火后的构象转变.结果表明,浓度(聚合物质量/溶液质量)为1×10~(-6)的PS-b-PMMA甲苯溶液可以在云母基底表面制备出高度为0.2 nm、长度为100~300 nm的PMMA伸展链;该方法可以适用于不同分子量的PS-b-PMMA共聚物,当PMMA嵌段分子链大于PS时,更容易制备高度伸展的PMMA分子链.丙酮蒸气退火可使胶束中的PMMA伸展链迅速收缩并与PS核融为一体变成球形结构.水蒸气退火作用下PMMA分子链的构象转变与制备胶束的起始浓度有关,浓度为1×10~(-6)的胶束只形成球状结构;浓度为5×10~(-6)的胶束含有较多的PMMA伸展链,在水蒸气退火后可形成花状胶束并可以组装成周围带有台阶状PMMA分子层的棒状胶束.     

Formation and morphologies of novel self-assembled micelles from chitosan derivatives

We successfully synthesized N-phthaloyl-carboxymethylchitosan (CMPhCh) from chitosan. CMPhCh could be self-assembled to form various morphologies of crew-cut micelle-like aggregates using a mixed solution of water and N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF). The results of scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and dynamic light scattering (DLS) revealed that the morphologies of the aggregates exhibited vesicles, vesicle-encapsulating vesicles, onion-like vesicles, and large compound micelles (LCM). Their morphologies were changed with varying the concentration of CMPhCh, the ratio of DMF in the mixture, and the self-assembly process. In relatively high CMPhCh concentration and content of DMF, CMPhCh was self-assembled to form the onion-like vesicles with a thin wall and 80-240 nm diameter. For the first time, TEM observation provided straightforward evidence of the onion-like vesicles prepared from natural polymer.     

Intelligent crew-cut aggregates formed by thermosensitive block copolymers and their multiple morphologies

The thermosensitive block copolymer poly(2-cinnamoylethyl methacrylate)-block-poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PCEMA-b-PNIPAAm) can form crew-cut aggregates with multiple morphologies under various micellization conditions. Spherical, rod-like, vesicular, lamellar aggregates, and large compound micelles were obtained from the block copolymers. The effects of different conditions, such as the copolymer composition, the nature of the common solvent, the initial copolymer concentrations, and the water content on the morphologies of the aggregates were studied in detail. The thermosensitive property of the aggregates was investigated through measuring the change of the dimension of the aggregates with changing the external temperature.     

两亲性含糖嵌段共聚物在水中分子聚集形态的转变

两亲性嵌段共聚物在不同的介质中可形成不同形态的有序分子聚集体［１～３］．当其亲水段长度远大于亲油段时,在水中主要形成球形胶束［１］;但当亲水段长度远小于亲油段时,则形成多种形态的分子聚集体,即所谓的“ｃｒｅｗ－ｃｕｔ”聚集体,如球形、柱状、层状、囊泡和管状等［４］．Ｅｉｓｅｎｂｅｒｇ等［４～６］详细研究了聚苯乙烯－ｂ－聚丙烯酸在水中的“ｃｒｅｗ－ｃｕｔ”聚集体,发现聚集体的形态和多种因素有关,如共聚物组成、溶剂、ｐＨ值和金属离子等．以两亲分子形成的囊泡不但可以用来模拟生物膜的结构,而且在药物载体…     

Multiple morphologies from a novel diblock copolymer containing dendronized polymethacrylate and linear poly(ethylene oxide)

A novel amphiphilic diblock copolymer, consisting of dendronized polymethacrylate‐b‐poly(ethylene oxide), was synthesized via atom transfer radical polymerization; from it, micellelike aggregates of various morphologies, prepared under near‐equilibrium conditions, were studied with transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The effects of various factors on the aggregate morphologies of the amphiphilic copolymer, such as the water content, the copolymer concentration, and the type of common solvent, were investigated systematically. The unique architecture of the block copolymer led to morphological variety and peculiarities such as dendritic and shuttle‐shaped aggregates, which could be attributed to the effective packing of the bulky side chains, that is, another driving force for the aggregates. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 43: 2291–2297, 2005     

Aggregation behavior of star-like PEO-PPO-PEO block copolymer in aqueous solution

The aggregation behavior of a star-like amphiphilic block copolymer (denoted as AP432, which was synthesized via anionic polymerization), in aqueous solutions was investigated by surface tension, steady-state fluorescence, dynamic light scattering (DLS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). For comparison, a commercially available linear amphiphilic PEO-PPO-PEO block copolymer, Pluronics L64, which has a similar PEO fraction to AP432, was also studied. It is found that the different molecular structure of AP432 and L64 leads to a significant difference on their behavior both at the air/water interface and in bulk aqueous solutions. The results of surface tension measurements indicate that the surface activity of AP432 is much more pronounced than that of L64. The formation of AP432 and L64 aggregates are identified by DLS, fluorescence and TEM measurement.     

Synthesis and Characterization of Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) and Poly(vinyl acetate) Diblock Copolymers via MADIX Process

The synthesis of diblock copolymers of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) and poly(vinyl acetate) (PVAc) was performed by macromolecular design via interchange of xanthates (MADIX) process. Following the preparation of methyl (isopropoxycarbonothioyl) sulfanyl acetate (MIPCTSA) as chain transfer agent, it was reacted with vinyl acetate to obtain PVAc macro-chain transfer agent. Then, block copolymerization was completed by successive addition of N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM). ¹H NMR spectroscopy confirmed the presence of both blocks in the copolymer structure, with the expected composition based on the feed ratio. Size Exclusion Chromatography (SEC) was used to investigate the relative values of molecular characteristics. Only 20% of PVAc was converted to block copolymer. The resultant block copolymer structures were further examined in terms of their morphologies as well as critical micelle concentration (CMC) by using ESEM and Fluorescence Excitation Spectroscopic techniques, respectively. Morphological characterization confirmed amphiphilic block copolymer formation with the existence of mainly ca. 100 nm well distributed micelles. The thermo responsive amphiphilic behavior of the block copolymer solutions were followed by Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) technique.     

PS-b-P4VP/PFOA配合物在氯仿中的自组装及形态表征

全氟辛酸(PFOA)与聚苯乙烯-b-聚-4-乙烯吡啶(PS-b-P4VP)的配合能诱导嵌段共聚物在其共同溶剂氯仿中胶束化. 胶束化不仅能形成棒状聚集体, 还能得到椭球形胶束. 当嵌段共聚物PS-b-P4VP浓度为1.0 g/L时, 使用光散射和扫描电镜研究了MR值(全氟辛酸与聚合物中吡啶环的物质的量比)在1/30到1/10之间的聚集行为及形态. 发现即使当MR值小到1/30时仍然形成稳定的聚集体. 通过扫描电镜观察发现: 改变MR值可以获得不同形态的聚集体.     

Block polyelectrolytes in aqueous environments

Analogous to the self-assembly of low-molecular-weight amphiphiles in aqueous solutions, the formation of spherical micelle-like aggregates has been observed in systems of amphiphilic block copolymers in water. The aggregates, often called micelles due to structural similarities with surfactant associates, are found to exist above the critical micelle concentration (cmc). The micellization of amphiphilic block copolymers has been investigated using a wide range of techniques, such as size-exclusion chromatography (SEC), static and dynamic light scattering (SLS and DLS), small-angle x-ray scattering (SAXS), small-angle neutron scattering (SANS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), viscometry, and steady-state fluorescence spectroscopy. The present lecture is a review of recent work in our laboratory concerning the micellization of ionic block copolymers. These high-molecular-weight amphiphiles may contain one or more of a variety of ionic blocks, such as poly(4-vinylpyridinium alkyl halides), poly(metal acrylates), poly(metal methacrylates) and sulfonated polystyrene. In water, such polymers are referred to as block polyelectrolytes, as they combine the colloidal behavior of block copolymers with the long-range electrostatic interactions of polyelectrolytes. Early work in this field has been reviewed by Selb and Gallot.¹     

溶剂尺寸对ABA两亲性三嵌段共聚物在选择性溶剂中自组装行为影响的Monte Carlo模拟

采用Monte Carlo模拟方法研究了溶剂尺寸对ABA两亲性三嵌段共聚物在选择性溶剂中自组装行为的影响。模拟结果表明,溶剂尺寸是决定共聚物聚集形态的重要因素之一。随着溶剂尺寸的增大,嵌段共聚物自组装所形成的胶束可以发生从球状到棒状再到囊泡状的转变。通过对各组分的相互作用对数随溶剂尺寸变化曲线的分析发现,增大溶剂尺寸会使溶剂的溶解性变差,由此引发体系中的一系列形态转变。此外,通过对体系自组装形貌结构相图的分析发现,增大溶剂尺寸或增加疏水作用同减小亲水作用对于自组装形态的改变具有同等效果。     

ABA两亲性嵌段共聚物在双选择性溶剂中自组装行为的Monte Carlo模拟

采用Monte Carlo模拟方法研究了ABA两亲性三嵌段共聚物在两种选择性溶剂中的自组装行为.模拟结果表明,在保证溶剂总浓度一定的情况下,改变两种选择性溶剂的体积比对于ABA两亲性嵌段共聚物自组装所形成的胶束形貌结构有很大影响.随着双选择性溶剂体积比的改变,体系中胶束形貌结构将会发生由囊泡到层状,再到环状、棒状直至球...