添加稀土和重金属氧化物玻璃陶瓷的制备和烧结及性能研究

通过分别添加稀土氧化物和重金属氧化物作为烧结助剂 ,采用电子陶瓷工艺制备了具有非化学计量组成的堇青石基玻璃陶瓷。为了评价玻璃粉末的烧结特性 ,对烧结热处理后试样的密度和显气孔率进行了测定。结果表明 ,两种烧结助剂能促进玻璃的烧结致密化和降低 μ 堇青石向α 堇青石转变的温度并影响玻璃陶瓷的介电性能。玻璃陶瓷的完全致密化温度可以低到 90 0℃。该材料具有低的介电常数 (≈ 5 )和低的介质损耗因子 (≤ 0 2 % )以及合适的热膨胀系数 ((2 80～ 3 5 2 )× 10 - 6 ℃ - 1) ,能够在低于 95 0℃与高导电率的金属如金、铜和银 /钯共烧 ,是一种潜在的低温共烧陶瓷基板材料。     

低温烧结NaBi(WO4)2陶瓷的介电性能

采用固相合成法制备了NaBi(WO₄)₂(NBW)陶瓷,研究了NBW陶瓷的相结构、形貌、烧结特性和微波介电性能。NBW陶瓷在625～800℃烧结1～4 h能够致密化。X射线衍射表明在625～800℃烧结2 h的NBW陶瓷均为四方晶系白钨矿结构的单相陶瓷。随着烧结温度的提高,NBW陶瓷的介电常数、品质因数(Qf值)先增加后降低,谐振频率温度系数逐渐降低。经650℃烧结2 h获得的NBW陶瓷的介电常数为14.36,Qf值为16 503 GHz,谐振频率温度系数为-1.055×10^-5℃^-1。NBW陶瓷与银共烧反应生成Ag₂W₂O₇相,而与Au、Al共烧具备化学兼容性。     

硅基聚合物前驱体转化陶瓷微观结构研究进展

聚合物前驱体转化法使得陶瓷材料的制备实现了可分子设计和可聚合物工艺加工,在陶瓷基复合材料、陶瓷纤维、功能涂层、特种胶粘剂等方面具有重要应用价值.不同于传统粉末烧结工艺,该方法涉及有机聚合物至无机陶瓷的转化过程,因此,聚合物前驱体的分子结构以及陶瓷化工艺对所制备陶瓷材料的微观结构和功能特性具有直接影响.本文综述了基于聚合...     

溶胶-凝胶法制备功能陶瓷超微粉末

陶瓷超微粉末的研究是目前高技术领域中的一项重要课题。溶胶-凝胶法是近几年来才开发的一种制备陶瓷超微粉末的新技术。应用该方法所合成的粉末纯度高、化学成份均匀、颗粒度小且分布范围窄,易烧结成致密的陶瓷体,尤其对于多元陶瓷粉末的制备这些优点更为突出。因而对该方法的研究及应用已引起人们的普遍重视。PbTiO_3、BaTiO_3和Pb(Zr,Ti)O_3作为陶瓷压电材料广泛应用于电子信息技术和光电技术领域;有关它们的研究报道甚多。     

低温烧结NaBi(WO4)2陶瓷的介电性能

采用固相合成法制备了（WO₄）₂（NBW）陶瓷，研究了NBW陶瓷的相结构、形貌、烧结特性和微波介电性能。NBW陶瓷在625~800℃烧结1~4 h能够致密化。X射线衍射表明在625~800℃烧结2 h的NBW陶瓷均为四方晶系白钨矿结构的单相陶瓷。随着烧结温度的提高，NBW陶瓷的介电常数、品质因数（Qf值）先增加后降低，谐振频率温度系数逐渐降低。经650℃烧结2 h获得的NBW陶瓷的介电常数为14.36，Qf值为16 503 GHz，谐振频率温度系数为-1.055×10-5℃^-1。NBW陶瓷与银共烧反应生成Ag₂W₂O₇相，而与Au、Al共烧具备化学兼容性。     

生物模板法制备木材陶瓷*

生物模板法是一种制备具有生物形貌特点的结构和功能材料的新方法。由于木材组织结构方面的独特性,制备其多级孔结构的木材生态陶瓷在探索特殊微观结构和性能之间的关系方面有着重大的意义。本文总结了生物模板法制备陶瓷材料技术的发展现状,并且指出了各种工艺的优缺点,着重介绍了木材陶瓷的发展历史、制备方法、机理和性能,概述了木材陶瓷在骨移植材料和催化材料方面的应用和发展前景。     

新型导电陶瓷Sm0.9Sr0.1Al0.5Mn0.5O3-δ的制备及其电性能研究

采用有机凝胶法结合固相烧结技术制备了Sm0.9Sr0.1Al0.5Mn0.5O3－δ (SSAM9155)新型导电陶瓷. 通过TG/DTA, FTIR, XRD, SEM和直流四引线法系统研究了凝胶前驱体的热分解及其相转化过程和烧结体的结构、相稳定性、微观形貌、电导率以及电输运机制. 结果表明, 凝胶前驱体在900 ℃焙烧5 h可以形成完全晶化的四方钙钛矿相纳米粉体; 高温烧结制得的SSAM9155陶瓷的电导率取决于p型电导, 电导率随温度的升高而增大, 导电行为符合p型小极化子跳跃机制; 随烧结温度的升高或保温时间的延长, SSAM9155陶瓷的电导率和相对密度都先增大后减小, 1600 ℃烧结10 h制得的SSAM9155陶瓷具有最高的电导率和相对密度(98%), 该样品在空气和氢气气氛中850 ℃时的电导率分别为8.21和1.26 S•cm－1, 表观活化能分别为0.265和0.465 eV. 具有较高电导率的Sr, Mn掺杂的SmAlO3导电陶瓷有望成为一种新型的固体氧化物燃料电池(SOFC)阳极材料.     

新型导电陶瓷Sm_0.9St_0.1Al_0.5Mn_0.5O_(3-δ)的制备及其电性能研究

采用有机凝胶法结合固相烧结技术制备了Sm_0.9St_0.1Al_0.5Mn_0.5O_(3-δ)(SSAM9 155)新犁导电陶瓷.通过TG/DTA,FTIR, XRD,SEM和直流四引线法系统研究了凝胶前驱体的热分解及其相转化过程和烧结体的结构、相稳定性、微观形貌、电导率以及电输运机制.结果表明,凝胶前驱体在900℃焙烧5 h可以形成完全晶化的四方钙钛矿相纳米粉体;高温烧结制得的SSAM9155陶瓷的电导率取决于P型电导,电导率随温度的升高而增大,导电行为符合P型小极化子跳跃机制;随烧结温度的升高或保温时间的延长,SSAM9155陶瓷的电导率和相对密度都先增大后减小,1600℃烧结10 h制得的SSAM9155陶瓷具有最高的电导率和相对密度(98%),该样品在空气和氢气气氛中850℃时的电导率分别为8.21和1.26 S·cm~(-1),表观活化能分别为0.265和0.465 eV.具有较高电导率的Sr,Mn掺杂的SmAlO_3导电陶瓷有望成为一种新型的固体氧化物燃料电池(SOFC)阳极材料.     

钇铝石榴石(YAG)透明陶瓷的研究进展EI北大核心CSCD

钇铝石榴石(Y_(3)Al_(5)O_(12))透明陶瓷具有机械强度高、物化性质稳定,特别是覆盖紫外、可见及红外光透过等优异性能,在固体激光器、导弹穹顶、红外窗口及透明装甲领域有着广泛的应用。本文系统总结了YAG透明陶瓷的制备工艺,包括粉体合成、坯体成型、陶瓷烧结及烧结助剂的选用,对比了不同工艺路线制备YAG透明陶瓷的性能、规格、成本等;就不同稀土离子掺杂对YAG基透明陶瓷性能的影响规律进行了全面阐述;最后通过对现有问题的总结,展望了钇铝石榴石(YAG)透明陶瓷未来的发展趋势。     

锆酸钙基高温质子导体材料

锆酸钙基材料具有优良的热、机械、发光、介电性能,是先进的耐火、发光、铁电材料。自1991年Iwahara等发现锆酸钙基材料在高温下具有质子导电性以来,锆酸钙基电解质陶瓷的研究取得重大进展。本文结合本实验室的研究分别从材料制备、陶瓷烧结、质子传输机理及影响质子传输的因素等4个方面就20年来锆酸钙基质子导体材料的研究进展进行了综述,并对其未来发展进行了展望。     

利用手持技术改进测定乙醇分子结构实验

利用压强传感器代替排水集气法,改进测定乙醇分子结构实验的仪器装置,并探索最佳反应条件。另外,设计两个空白实验,结合压强变化曲线对实验误差进行相关讨论。     

Neutral diterpenoids of oleoresins of five species of conifers of Transcarpathia

The compositions of the neutral diterpenoids of the oleoresins of five species of conifers growing in the Transcarpathia have been studied. It has been found that the oleoresins ofAbies alba M.,Larix decidua M., andPicea excelsa L. contain more than 50% of neutral diterpenoids. The group and qualitative compositions of the oxygen-containing diterpenoids have been determined. In the oleoresins ofAbies alba,Picea excelsa, andPicea abies tertiary alcohols — cis-abienol and isocembrol — predominate, while inLarix decidua the main component is the hydroxy ester larixyl acetate. Primary alcohols related to the resin acids have been found in all the oleoresins investigated. Features of the distribution of diterpenoids according to the species of conifers have been revealed. The results obtained are necessary for the chemotaxonomy of conifers of the family Pinceae.Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Translated from Khimiya Prirodynkh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 812–816, November–December, 1988.     

光谱仪测试范围的扩展

由于石化行业的生产需要，其材质的使用具有多样性和广泛性，经常会出现顾客委托的测试样品的一个或几个元素跨越光谱仪现有测试程序测量范围的情况。本法通过对光谱仪测试原理的认识，根据光谱仪的测试能力及标样的采集，实现了一个或几个元素测量范围的扩展，并对其测量的影响因素进行了研究。     

Influence of viscosity of medium on processes of oxygen quenching of excited states of mesoporphyrin

The oxygen quenching rate constants for singlet and triplet excited states of the dimethyl ester of mesoporphyrin IX increase with decreasing viscosity of the medium and reach a maximum at a viscosity of approximately 0.4 mPa·sec, after which the rate constants begin to decrease. The drop in rate constant with increasing fluidity of the medium may be related to a nonequilibrium character of the elementary act in the interaction of the reactants in the solvent cage. In viscous media such as isopropyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol, and isoamyl alcohol, the reaction radius is greater than the sum of the radii of the reacting particles. The long-range character of these processes is due to the relatively weak dependence of the quenching probability on distance.Translated from Teoreticheskaya i Éksperimental'naya Khimiya, Vol. 25, No. 2, pp. 161–167, March–April, 1989.     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

物质分配系数的测定实验改进

实验教学目的是从解决实际问题出发,以实验技术训练和实验设计思想培养为目标。介绍了将单一的物质分配系数测定实验改进为综合实验,提高了实验效果及实验资源利用率。     

Calculation of enthalpies of hydrogenation of hydrocarbons

Sets of hydrogen molecule equivalents have been developed which permit the calculation of hydrogenation of different types of carbon-carbon bonds from ab initio total energies (3-21G and 6-31G* basis sets, and, to a more limited extent, for MP2/6-31G* data) of reactants and products. The calculated enthalpies of hydrogenation are in good agreement with experiment for unstrained molecules, with average errors on the order of 2 kcal/mol. The 6-31G* equivalents allow the enthalpies for strained molecules to be calculated accurately, but the 3-21G equivalents do not. The equivalents for both basis sets have been tested by calculating the enthalpies of hydrogenation of carbon-carbon bonds in nitrogen- and oxygen-containing organic molecules, free radicals, and classical carbocations. The results are in good agreement with experiment in most cases.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。