新课程标准实施后化学学习兴趣的评价和培养

利用兴趣积分调查量表对222名初三学生进行调查,评价基于新课程标准的教学实施前后初三学生化学学习兴趣水平的差异,半定量地评价化学课程标准实施以来初三学生化学学习兴趣水平,并探讨培养化学学习兴趣、提高化学学习兴趣水平的方法和途径。     

深入研究,促进少数民族学生化学学习的发展--畲族学生化学学习中非智力因素影响的调查与分析

论文对我国少数民族畲族学生进行了化学学习中非智力因素影响的调查与分析，从基本情况、化学学习动机、化学学习兴趣、化学学习习惯、化学学习意志等5个方面作了调查，对其特征和问题作了分析，提出了促进畲族学生化学学习发展的教学建议。     

山区学生初学化学困难的调查及对策

在山区多年从教初中化学教学,笔者发现绝大多数的学生在刚接触化学时都有浓厚的学习兴趣,但学习一段时间后,不少学生都不同程度地感到学习困难,一部分学生逐渐失去学习的兴趣,成绩下降,甚至不喜欢化学。为了深入探讨山区学生初学化学产生困难的原因,并寻求相应的对策,对我县5所中学的初三级学生进行了有关学习情况的调查。     

基于职业情境的“酸和碱”单元教学设计——让我来做化学实验员

以职业情境——让我来做化学实验员,引领学生扮演“化学实验员”以解决实验室中基本工作问题为话题。在任务驱动下,创设学生为主体的学习情境,体验药品整理、试剂鉴别、废液回收处理工作等。用分类、对比、实验、归纳整理的方法再深度学习酸碱的性质,提升学生化学学科理解能力;增强了学生对化学相关职业的认知与理解,提升学生的化学学科实践应用能力,发展以化学为职业取向的兴趣。     

职业学校化学史教学现状调查与分析

本调查从学生对学习化学史的兴趣、学生对学习化学史潜在作用的认识、教师对化学史教育的重视程度以及化学史的教学形式4个方面,分别对3所不同类型的职业学校进行了调查,并对调查结果进行了分析比较。     

水族地区中学生化学学习兴趣调查及兴趣培养的几点思考

就水族地区中学生化学学习兴趣的现状展开调查,得出水族地区学生对化学的喜爱程度不高、化学学习兴趣不够稳定的结论。分析调查数据认为造成这一结果有3方面的原因,并根据水族地区的实际情况对培养学生学习化学的兴趣提出几点思考,强调从化学知识的社会性、化学学科的社会价值及化学教育的社会学价值出发培养学生化学学习兴趣。     

关于高中生化学实验学习情况的调查研究

实验是化学学科的重要特征,为了解高中化学实验教与学的情况,对江苏省5所高中进行了问卷调查,调查发现:学生分组实验开设率偏低;学生良好的实验习惯尚未养成;绝大多数学生都喜欢化学分组实验;部分学生对化学实验与化学学习关系的认识不清。     

地方院校无机化学实验课程学习情况调查与分析

对学生学习现状的准确把握是促进课程改革,提升教学质量的基础。通过本次调查统计了学生对无机化学实验课程学习的基本情况,包括学习兴趣、学习目标、预习方式、预习效果、实验操作及学习效果,总结了学生在该课程学习中的主要问题和诉求,通过数据分析提出了实施无机化学实验课程有效教学的改进措施。     

初中生学习化学兴趣的调查研究

本文参考国内外心理学家、教育心理学家对学习兴趣的研究成果,根据我国初中化学教材内容及教学实际情况,编制了初中生学习化学兴趣的调查问卷,并进行了调查。通过对调查结果的统计分析,获得了初中生学习化学兴趣的一般情况,着重研究了办学条件、性别、家庭环境、学业成绩等对初中生学习化学兴趣的影响。为初中化学教师搞好教学提供一些参考和依据。     

内地西藏班（校）高中生化学学习现状的调查与分析

以湖北武汉市西藏中学为例,调查了内地西藏班高中学生学习化学的现状,其中包括化学学习兴趣、预习情况、上课情况、作业情况、复习情况等,发现学生中存在的影响化学学习的问题,并提出了针对性的策略。     

国内光催化研究进展简述

分1975~1985, 1985~1995和1995~2012三个时期简要介绍了国内光催化研究进展, 主要侧重于光催化材料及其改性、应用和反应机理方面的研究进展, 并指出了当前光催化领域存在的一些重要问题和未来的发展趋势, 涉及到光解水、CO₂还原、环境净化和选择性有机合成等方面.     

青蒿素研究进展

青蒿素是目前治疗疟疾的特效药。本文对自青蒿素发现以来的最新研究进展进行了比较详尽的综述。内容包括: 青蒿素的发现及历史, 青蒿素的来源, 青蒿素的全合成,青蒿素的生物合成, 青蒿素衍生物以及植物组织培养生产青蒿素。     

Reactions in droplets in microfluidic channels

Fundamental and applied research in chemistry and biology benefits from opportunities provided by droplet-based microfluidic systems. These systems enable the miniaturization of reactions by compartmentalizing reactions in droplets of femoliter to microliter volumes. Compartmentalization in droplets provides rapid mixing of reagents, control of the timing of reactions on timescales from milliseconds to months, control of interfacial properties, and the ability to synthesize and transport solid reagents and products. Droplet-based microfluidics can help to enhance and accelerate chemical and biochemical screening, protein crystallization, enzymatic kinetics, and assays. Moreover, the control provided by droplets in microfluidic devices can lead to new scientific methods and insights.     

Interpretation of inorganic arsenic metabolism in humans in the light of observations made in vitro and in vivo in the rat

The toxicity of inorganic trivalent arsenic for living organisms is reduced by in vivo methylation of the element. In man, this biotransformation leads to the synthesis of monomethylarsonic (MMA) and dimethylarsinic (DMA) acids, which are efficiently eliminated in urine along with the unchanged form (As_i). In order to document the methylation process in humans, the kinetics of As_i, MMA and DMA elimination were studied in volunteers given a single dose of one of these three arsenicals or repeated doses of As_i. The arsenic methylation efficiency was also assessed in subjects acutely intoxicated with arsenic trioxide (As₂O₃) and in patients with liver diseases. Several observations in humans can be explained by the properties of the enzymic systems involved in the methylation process which we have characterized in vitro and in vivo in rats as follows: (1) production of As_i metabolites is catalyzed by an enzymic system whose activity is highest in liver cytosol; (2) different enzymic activities, using the same methyl group donor (S-adenosylmethionine), lead to the production of mono- and di-methylated derivatives which are excreted in urine as MMA and DMA; (3) dimethylating activity is highly sensitive to inhibition by excess of inorganic arsenic; (4) reduced glutathione concentration in liver moderates the arsenic methylation process through several mechanisms, e.g. stimulation of the first methylation reaction leading to MMA, facilitation of As_i uptake by hepatocytes, stimulation of the biliary excretion of the element, reduction of pentavalent forms before methylation, and protection of a reducing environment in the cells necessary to maintain the activity of the enzymic systems.     

Gemini表面活性剂合成进展

系统总结了近百种Gemini表面活性剂的合成路线和方法,并且按照其结构特点分门别类地进行比较和归纳,对今后Gemini表面活性剂的合成发展方向提出了一些看法,这对促进此类新颖表面活性剂的工业化进程将具有指导意义。     

Recent Advances in Analytical Methodology for in vivo Electrochemistry in Mammals

Electrochemistry is one of the most advanced techniques for monitoring neurochemical activities in the living brain because electrochemical approaches bear the advantageous features of high spatial and temporal resolutions, which facilitate its tremendous potential in investigating the highly spatially heterogeneous brain system and the fast dynamics of neurochemical activities. On the other hand, since brain is the most complicated organ in the sense of its numerous kinds of neurochemical species, high selectivity is always required for any analytical methods that approach the brain. In this review, we will discuss various electrochemical methodologies to achieve selective detection of neurochemicals in mammalian brain and the strategies developed mainly by our group towards selective monitoring of both electrochemically active and inactive neurochemicals. At the end, we will discuss possible solutions towards brain mapping of neurochemical species and combination of neurochemical detection strategy with electrophysiology as the direction of future development of electroanalysis in living brain.     

乙基香兰素研究前景

报导了近几十年来国内外关于乙基香兰素的研究进展与动态,并简单介绍了本文作者在该方面所取得的研究成果,参考文献33篇。     

Trends in education in analytical chemistry

Summary At the session of the WPAC of Fechem on education in analytical chemistry it was concluded that it is now essential to include chemometrics and basic knowledge of computers in all courses on analytical chemistry.

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Tendenzen in der analytisch-chemischen Ausbildung

Zusammenfassung Bei einer Tagung der WPAC über die Lehre auf dem Gebiet der analytischen Chemie wurde bei der Betrachtung neuer Aspekte festgestellt, daß vor allem Chemometrie und Grundkenntnisse in Computertechnik in die Ausbildung aufgenommen werden sollten.

     

钙与人体及临床

钙是宏量元素，是人体中含量较高的元素之一，体内99％的钙构成骨骼和牙齿以及维持骨骼结构，1％的钙调节人体重要生理功能。钙的含量过高或过低都与许多疾病有关，只有保持一种平衡状态，才能使机体处于正常环境。     

AGET ATRP in the Presence of Air in Miniemulsion and in Bulk

Summary: The recently developed initiation system, activators generated by electron transfer (AGET), is used in atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) in the presence of a limited amount of air. Ascorbic acid and tin(II ) 2‐ethylhexanoate are used as reducing agents in miniemulsion and bulk, respectively. An excess of reducing agent consumes the oxygen present in the system and, therefore, provides a deoxygenated environment for ATRP. ATRP of butyl acrylate is successfully carried out in miniemulsion and in the presence of air. During polymerization the radical concentration remains constant. The polymerization reaches over 60% monomer conversion after 6 h, which results in polymers with a predetermined molecular weight = 14 000 g · mol⁻¹ and a low polydispersity ( = 1.23). AGET ATRP of styrene is also successful in bulk in the presence of air, as evidenced by linear semi‐logarithmic kinetics, which leads to polystyrene with an of 13 400 g · mol⁻¹ and a low polydispersity index ( = 1.14).

Appearance of miniemulsion before and after the reducing agent ascorbic acid was added (left); and GPC traces representing molecular weights during the AGET ATRP of BA in miniemulsion in the presence of air (right).