CuY和Cu－ZSM－5催化剂上NO直接分解活性及活性中心的研究

研究了ＣｕＹ，Ｃｕ－ＺＳＭ－５分子筛制备条件对ＮＯ直接分解活性的影响．结果表明，在不同酸碱度下交换的ＣｕＹ分子筛，在ｐＨ＝９时活性较好，而Ｃｕ－ＺＳＭ－５型在ｐＨ＝７时较好．随交换度提高，Ｃｕ－ＺＳＭ－５活性上升，而ＣｕＹ交换度达４５％后活性趋于平稳：用ＤＴＡ，ＴＰＤ，ＸＰＳ及ＩＲ等技术，对活性中心进行了研究，表明钢是以水合离子形式与分子筛中Ｎａ＋进行交换．Ｃｕ－ＺＳＭ－５的活性位单一，ＣｕＹ上则有两种ＮＯ吸附位．经４００℃焙烧后，铜优先占据Ｙ的β笼，此即活性位．未经焙烧的样品中铜主要以Ｃｕ２＋存在．４００℃抽空处理产生Ｃｕ＋．讨论了ＮＯ在含铜样品表面的反应过程．     

Cu对Cu－Mn－Ce－O和Cu－Mn－Ce－Pd－O催化剂三效性能的影响

利用火焰脉冲－微反装置考察了Ｃｕ－Ｍｎ－Ｃｅ－Ｏ和Ｃｕ－Ｍｎ－Ｃｅ－Ｐｄ－Ｏ两类催化剂的三效活性。结果表明Ｃｕ的加入有利于Ｃｕ－Ｍｎ－Ｃｅ－Ｏ的ＮＯｘ和ＣＯ的转化，而不利于Ｃｕ－Ｍｎ－Ｃｅ－ｐｄ－Ｏ的ＮＯｘ和ＨＣ的转化。ＸＲＤ分析结果表明在Ｃｕ－Ｍｎ－Ｃｅ－Ｏ中加入Ｐｄ，原来的ＣｕＭｎ＿２Ｏ＿３消失，生成新相ＭｎＡｌ＿２Ｏ＿４；ＴＰＲ分析结果表明Ｃｕ使Ｍｎ－Ｃｅ－Ｏ样品表面氧量增加，表面易于还原，而使Ｍｎ－Ｃｅ－ｐｄ－Ｏ样品表面难于还原。实验结果还表明Ｍｎ－Ｃｅ－ｐｄ－Ｏ催化剂的三效性能远远优于Ｃｕ－Ｍｎ－Ｃｅ－Ｏ催化剂。     

Cu-Ce/ZSM-5催化剂的TPR及动力学研究

由Ｃｕ、Ｃｅ的硝酸盐（氧化物）用浸渍法、分散法制备了系列Ｃｕ－Ｃｅ／ＺＳＭ－５催化剂。对这些催化剂进行了ＴＰＲ、ＩＲ表征及动力学研究。考察了铜含量、铈含量及不同铈源对催化剂还原性能的影响。结果表明：１．不含铈的Ｃｕ／ＺＳＭ－５催化剂的ＴＰＲ谱,铜离子的两个还原峰峰温及峰面积随铜含量增加而增加;２．铈源为ＣｅＯ２,铈含量增大,使Ｃｕ－Ｃｅ／ＺＳＭ－５催化剂的铜离子还原峰峰温略为降低;铈源为Ｃｅ（ＮＯ     

CO2部分氧化乙烷制乙烯Pd—Cu／MoO3—SiO2催化剂的研究

用化学吸附－红外光谱、化学吸附－程序升温脱附（ＴＰＤ）和微型反应技术研究了Ｐｄ－Ｃｕ／ＭｏＯ３－ＳｉＯ２（ＭｏＳＯ）催化剂对ＣＯ２和乙烷的吸附活化和部分氧化反应性能．结果表明，乙烷以Ｃ—Ｈ键中的Ｈ吸附于ＭｏＳＯ载体表面ＭｏＯ键的端基氧上；Ｐｄ－Ｃｕ／ＭｏＳＯ催化剂对ＣＯ２有良好的化学吸附活化性能，ＣＯ２的吸附除有线式吸附态和剪式吸附态外，还有一种新的卧式吸附态；Ｐｄ－Ｃｕ／ＭｏＳＯ催化剂的晶格氧参与了化学反应．探讨了在Ｐｄ－Ｃｕ／ＭｏＳＯ催化剂上ＣＯ２的部分氧化乙烷反应机理     

Mn－Ag／γ－Al_2O_3催化剂中氧的性能

本文运用ＴＰＲ、ＴＰＤ－ＭＳ、ＸＲＤ等技术研究了Ｍｎ－Ａｇ／γ－Ａｌ_２Ｏ_３催化剂的还原性能和再氧化能力．结果表明，Ｍｎ－Ａｇ／γ－Ａｌ_２Ｏ_３中银物相由Ａｇ￣０和Ａｇ_２Ｏ组成，锰物相由β－ＭｎＯ_２和Ｍｎ２Ｏ_３组成．Ｍｎ／γ－Ａｌ_２Ｏ_３催化剂的ＴＰＲ有二个还原峰，分别是ＭｎＯ_２和Ｍｎ_２Ｏ_３的还原．Ａｇ促使ＭｎＯ_２和Ｍｎ_２Ｏ_３的还原明显向低温方向移动，而且ＭｎＯ_２和Ｍｎ_２Ｏ_３的还原峰融合成一个还原峰．Ｍｎ－Ａｇ／γ－Ａｌ_２Ｏ_３的ＴＰＤ有三个脱氧峰，随着Ａｇ含量增加，峰Ⅰ向高温方向移动，Ｍｎ￣（４＋）２ｐ３／２的电子结合能增加，并且催化剂的再氧化能力增强．催化剂ＣＯ的氧化活性与催化剂的再氧化能力有很好的对应关系．     

Cu－ZSM－5分子筛中铜的精细结构和NO催化分解

用ＥＸＡＦＳ技术研究了不同交换度的和还原、再氧化处理的Ｃｕ－ＺＳＭ－５分子筛中铜离子的精细结构．在ＺＳＭ－５分子筛中，存在两种铜可占据的位置：一种具有饱和的氧配位和较短的铜氧距离，另一种钢氧配位不饱和且铜氧距离较远．离子交换时，铜离子可能优先占据前者，其量低于３０％．这两类铜的催化能力差别甚大，前者几乎无催化分解ＮＯ的活性．     

Cu－ZSM－5分子筛表面铜离子的价态研究

以吸附ＣＯ红外光谱结合ＴＰＲ谱详细表征了经真空自还原及用不同还原剂还原的ＣｕＺＳＭ－５分子筛样品，考察了表面铜离子的价态分布情况及其影响因素。得知铜在Ｃｕ－ＺＳＭ－５表面是分步还原的。用不同方法进行氧化和还原时的难易程度不同。研究了用不同方法进行氧化还原时铜的价态转变条件和铜离子在不同价态间氧化还原循环的可逆性。Ｃｕ２＋与Ｃｕ＋间的氧化还原循环完全可逆，而Ｃｕ０与Ｃｕ＋间的氧化还原循环不完全可逆。Ｃｕ０氧化为Ｃｕ＋比Ｃｕ＋氧化为Ｃｕ２＋容易进行，探讨了Ｃｕ＋在Ｃｕ－ＺＳＭ－５分子筛中不同位置的分布情况及铜在不同条件下的氧化还原机理。     

CeO2在Pd/γ-Al2O3催化剂中的助剂作用

用色谱微反流动法技术考察了富氧和贫氧条件下,添加ＣｅＯ２对Ｐｄ／γＡｌ２Ｏ３催化剂上ＣＯ氧化反应的影响,并运用ＴＰＲ、ＴＰＤＭＳ及ＳＥＭ等技术研究了ＣｅＯ２Ｐｄ／γＡｌ２Ｏ３催化剂．结果表明：ＣｅＯ２、Ｐｄ的共助作用使ＣｅＯ２Ｐｄ／γＡｌ２Ｏ３催化剂ＴＰＲ还原峰温向低温方向移动;ＣｅＯ２的存在使Ｐｄ／γＡｌ２Ｏ３催化剂表面的吸附氧容易脱出,从而改善了催化剂的氧化活性;ＣｅＯ２、Ｐｄ间的强相互作用使催化剂上Ｐｄ元素的分散程度增加．     

Cu-M/ZSM-S(M=Ce,La,Ag)催化剂的表征及其对NO直接分解催化活性的研究

考察了用分散法制备的Ｃｕ－Ｍ／ＺＳＭ－５（Ｍ＝Ｃｅ,Ｌａ,Ａｇ）催化剂对ＮＯ直接分解的催化活性,并且用ＸＲＤ、ＳＥＭ、ＴＰＲ、ＸＰＳ及ＩＣＡＰ等手段对催化剂进行了表征。结果表明添加Ｃｅ有利于增加催化剂的铜离子交换度,添加Ａｇ有可能使ＺＳＭ－５分子筛的骨架结构发生改变,从而对催化剂活性产生影响。     

富氧条件下甲烷还原NOxCo—ZSM—5催化剂的性能和表征

利用不同浓度和不同ＰＨ值的交换溶液，制得一系列Ｃｏ－ＺＳＭ－５催化剂，对富氧条件下催化剂甲烷选择性还原ＮＯＸ的活性进行了测定，由实验结果得知，富氧时，催化剂上氧化氮还原活性和甲烷的选择性随反应温度的变化２，分别在４４０℃和４１０℃有一极大值，应用ＩＲ、ＴＰＲ、ＸＰＳ和ＴＰＤ－ＭＳ等技术对催化剂进行了表征，观察到Ｃｏ＾２＿在ＺＳＭ－５分子筛上有两种不同落位，在Ｃｏ＾２＋离子与ＺＳＭ－５分子筛中的Ｎａ     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Microwave-assisted copper-catalyzed stereoselective ring expansion of three-membered heterocycles with α-diazo-β-dicarbonyl compounds

Microwave-assisted copper-catalyzed ring expansions of three-membered heterocycles with α-diazo-β-dicarbonyl compounds were investigated. Thiiranes generated 3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiines in the presence of copper sulfate and trans-3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiines as stereospecific products for 1,2-disubstituted cis-thiiranes through an intramolecular S_N2 process. Oxiranes gave rise to 2-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-dioxines under the catalysis of copper hexafluoroacetylacetonate and cis-3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-dioxines as stereospecific products for 1,2-disubstituted cis-oxiranes via an intimate ion-pair mechanism. The current method provides a direct and simple strategy in efficient preparation of 3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiines and 2-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-dioxines, important agents in medicinal and agricultural chemistry, from readily available thiiranes and oxiranes, respectively.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.