天然水硬度的定量测定

除了实验室试验和实际的上课以外,列为课外作业的实验问题,对于学生深入掌握教材以及获得各种不同的实验技术有着重大的意义。这类实验问题之一就是天然水硬度的定量测定。天然水的(河水的,泉水的)硬度由其中所含有的钙盐和镁盐决定。永久硬度决定于水     

异质富勒烯C58P2的理论研究

用ＭＮＤＯ半径能方法研究了异质富勒烯Ｃ５８Ｐ２各异构体的结构和相对稳定性。结果表明,１,４－位取代的异构体最稳定,异构体的稳定性随杂原子同距离的增加而降低。Ｃ５５８Ｐ２分子和稳定性比全碳富勒烯Ｃ６０低,但仍具有相当的稳定性,是潜在的合成目标。杂原子磷的掺杂改善了富勒烯的氧化还原性能。考察了各异构体的整体硬度和绝对电负性,产根据绝对电负性的差异预测了富勒烯和异质富勒烯间形成聚合物时的电子转移。     

纤维素接枝共聚物使用领域的新发展——纤维素接枝聚电解质

<正> 前言接枝共聚是高分子材料改性的有效途径之一,适当控制接枝物的组成及结构,可以制备出人们预料性能的各种新型材料,所以,接枝共聚的研究工作一直相当活跃。作为天然高分子中最古老的、也是和人们日常生活关系最密切的纤维素材料,它的接枝改性的研究,早在四、五十年代就已经被人们所重视。经过多年的研究,证实接枝共聚能改善纤维素纤维的抗     

固體燃料的性質、组成、結構和分類

711.炭化煤的微硬度(Microhardness ofCarbonized Coal, H. Honda and Y. Sanada,Fuel, Lond., 1957, 36, 403—416)——测定了14个各种级别煤以及在200°到2000°下炭化後煤的微硬度,其舆煤级别的关系和Vickers硬度相似,含90％C的煤有一極小值。煤的Knoop硬度值在500°前幾乎不變,600°後突增,到1200°時最大,然後降低直到2000°.從Knoop硬度導出了炭化煤的近似的靜態楊氏係數,此值對煤為10~(10)達因/厘米~2數量級,對焦為10~11達因/厘米~2數量級。炭化煤的Knoop硬度同原煤級別的關係和煤的硬度同級別的關係相近,祇是最低點移     

在多媒体CAI课件中浏览网页

多媒体CAI 课件在教学中使用已经相当广泛,功能也较齐全。现在网络技术已相当发达, 并且开始应用于教学中。在多媒体CAI 课件中怎样浏览网页, 也已提到议事日程上。下面谈谈我们的一些做法。     

电导法快速估测——广西若干地区天然水总硬度的探讨

电导法在水质分析方面已有广泛的应用。天然水的导电性与其所含离子的种类、浓度和温度有关。由于广西遍布石灰岩,因此水中杂质以含钙镁重碳酸盐为主,若以毫克当量计,它们约占总离子含量的98％以上,它们即是总硬度又是电导率的决定因素。通过试验,找出了电导率与总硬度的关系式,从而可以采用测定甚为简捷的电导法间接地估测总硬度。一、电导法的原理与方法     

我们是怎样在教学中推广幻灯的?

幻灯是一种简便的电化教育工具,使用方便,花钱不多,最容易为大多数人掌握。我系在1979年初开始推广幻灯,只用了半年多时间,已在各种课程的课堂教学中和学术报告会中广泛使用,并已迅速成为许多教师提高教学质量的重要手段之一。     

水硬度电极的制备与性能

1966年Ross首先制成测定水硬度的电极,其后有以二正癸基磷酸钙,癸醇制成的电极;;Maтepoвa用二-二乙基己基磷酸,癸醇制成电极,但性能不理想。Aлимова制成有机磷酸钙,镁PVC型膜电极,抗干扰性能较好,但斜率偏低。我们以二(二异辛基苯基磷酸)钙,癸醇,火棉胶制作水硬度电极,性能稳定,斜率符合理论值,响应时间及选择性均较好。已应用于水中硬度的测定。     

含氟烯类的调节聚合反应

調节聚合反应是在烯类自由基加成反应和聚合反应基础上发展起来的一种新型化学反应,目前,已在有机合成化学上有着相当重要的应用,而且正以工业生产的規模发展着。含氟烯类調节聚合反应是調节聚合反应的一个重要分支,也是調节聚合反应中饒有兴趣的研究課題,这在頗大程度上是由于它提供了具有各种特殊性能(耐     

在多媒体CAI课件中浏览网页

多媒体CAI课件在教学中使用已经相当广泛,功能也较齐全.现在网络技术已相当发达,并且开始应用于教学中.在多媒体CAI课件中怎样浏览网页,也已提到议事日程上.下面谈谈我们的一些做法.     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.