二醇酯类内给电子体纯度的核磁共振氢谱内标法测定

建立了测定无对照品的新型二醇酯类内给电子体(6#酯、7#酯)纯度的核磁共振氢谱内标测定法。实验以氘代氯仿为溶剂,以苯甲酸甲酯标准物质为内标,设定合适的采样时间和延迟时间,选取适合的内标峰和样品定量峰,方法测定结果的相对标准偏差分别为0.31%和0.37%(n=6),且呈现良好的线性关系。样品经测量后的纯度平均值分别为98.6%和98.4%,与HPLC法测定结果符合。在没有标准对照品的情况下,核磁共振氢谱内标法可用于该二醇酯类内给电子体的纯度测定。     

苏丹红Ⅰ、Ⅱ标准物质纯度的核磁共振法测定

采用核磁共振氢谱法(1H NMR)测定了苏丹红Ⅰ及苏丹红Ⅱ标准物质的纯度。分别以国家一级标准物质苯甲酸(GBW 13233)和国家二级标准物质尼泊金乙酯(GBW(E)100064)为内标,以氘代氯仿为溶剂,使用B ruker AVANCE DRX-500 NMR仪进行检测。实验优化了弛豫时间、扫描次数等定量参数,对定量峰的选择与积分进行了讨论。优化后的弛豫时间为30 s,扫描次数为32次;苏丹红Ⅰ、Ⅱ的纯度分别为96.1%、87.5%,其测量相对标准偏差分别为0.4%、0.6%。     

肌酐纯度标准物质的定值方法及其不确定度评定研究

通过定性及定量分析,研究了肌酐纯度标准物质的定值方法,并进行了定值分析的不确定度评定。首先使用三重四极杆质谱仪及核磁共振谱仪(氢谱)对肌酐样品进行定性分析,然后采用质量平衡法(包括液相色谱法、水分、灰分、挥发性物质和无机元素分析)与定量核磁共振法共同对肌酐纯度标准物质进行准确定值,最后对定值结果进行不确定度评定。肌酐的定值结果为99.7%,扩展不确定度为0.4%。该研究对于实际检测中肌酐的准确测定及临床上相关疾病的正确诊断治疗具有重要意义,且经过定值的肌酐纯品还可做定量核磁共振法的定量内标使用。定量分析后的肌酐经过均匀性检验和稳定性考察后可申报为国家标准物质。     

碱性离子液体催化“一锅法”合成1,4-二氢吡喃并[2,3-c]吡唑

在碱性离子液体氢氧化1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑([bmim]OH)催化作用下,由芳香醛、丙二腈、苯甲酰乙酸乙酯和肼或苯肼"一锅法"合成了一系列1,4-二氢吡喃并[2,3-c]吡唑化合物.实验中考察了催化剂、反应温度、催化剂用量、溶剂对反应的影响,确定了最优反应条件,给出了可能的反应机理.此外催化剂可以方便地收回,且循环使用四次其催化活性并没有显著降低.目标产物经过了1H NMR,IR,MS和元素分析确证.合成方法条件温和、反应时间短、产率高且对环境友好.     

一锅煮法合成苯基苄基酮缩氨基硫脲

以天然产物异黄酮与氨基硫脲为原料, 在碱性条件下乙醇为溶剂, 合成了10种苯基苄基酮缩氨基硫脲化合物. 此方法操作简便、条件温和、且产率较高, 是合成苯基苄基缩氨基硫脲的一种简便实用的方法. 采用IR, ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR和元素分析对这10种化合物结构进行了表征.     

锌粉促进三组分“一锅法”合成新型氨基甲酸酯

在金属锌的促进下,以醛、溴代烃和异氰酸酯为原料,THF为溶剂,室温、非催化条件下,通过三组分"一锅法"反应合成了一系列新型的氨基甲酸酯类化合物.该方法具有反应条件温和、操作简单、产率高、原料易得、反应迅速的特点.通过1H NMR,13C NMR,IR,HRMS和元素分析对产物结构进行了表征.     

内标法在ICP—AES中的应用研究：Ⅱ,应用内标法校正操作参数的变化

本文较系统地研究了ＩＣＰ－ＡＥＳ中可能产生的非随机变化的参数等条件变化时内标元素的选择规则。实验结果表明，在正向功率，载气压力和观察高度变化情况下，分析元素与内标元素的配分函数的匹配最为重要。当分析元素与内标元素的能级分布相似时，可校正操作条件变化对分析准确度的影响。     

偏二甲肼纯度分析方法的改进

采用毛细管气相色谱内标法代替标准工作曲线法测定偏二甲肼纯度(UDMH),内标法的使用避免了微量进样不准确的缺陷.结果显示,该方法线性范围宽,偏二甲肼的标准曲线相关系数为0.9959,样品加标回收率98.39%,样品的测定标准偏差为0.0015,方法的准确度高、重现性好.     

稳定同位素氘标记D_6-结晶紫的合成及表征

以D4-甲醇为原料,通过酯化、N-甲基化、缩合等过程合成得到稳定同位素标记D6-结晶紫,利用均匀设计法,研究了投料比、三氯氧磷用量、反应温度和反应时间对合成结晶紫的影响。实验数据通过多元回归分析,得出了优化的工艺条件。目标产物的结构经质谱(MS)、核磁(NMR)和高效液相色谱(HPLC)等表征,化学纯度高于98.0%,同位素丰度高于99.5%(atom D),可作为食品安全领域检测用同位素内标试剂。     

^(1)H和^(19)F核磁共振定量法测定诺氟沙星标准品的绝对含量EI北大核心CSCD

采用^(1)H和^(19)F核磁共振定量法测定诺氟沙星标准品的绝对含量。^(1)H核磁共振定量法以DMSO-d6为溶剂,诺氟沙星峰(δ7.9)为定量峰,马来酸峰(δ6.3)为内标峰。在脉冲程序zg30,采样时间4.09 s,延迟时间20 s,扫描次数为16的条件下采集氢谱。^(19)F核磁共振定量法以利培酮为内标物,诺氟沙星峰(δ-121.3)为定量峰,利培酮峰(δ-109.9)为内标峰。在脉冲程序zgfhigqn.2,延迟时间7 s,扫描次数为16的条件下采集氟谱。^(1)H和^(19)F核磁共振定量法测定结果接近,且与质量平衡法测定结果一致。核磁共振定量法可用来测定诺氟沙星绝对含量,快速、简单高效、且不需要对照品。     

冷焰ICP-MS法测定高纯稀土氧化物中铁和钙的研究

用冷焰技术对高纯稀土氧化物中Ｆｅ和Ｃａ的分析方法进行了研究。估算了测定范围和检出限,探讨了内标元素对基体影响的校正作用,测定了加标回收率,对半定量法（ＴＱ）和定量法（ＱＡ）的结果作了比较。表明冷焰条件下,痕量Ｆｅ的测定是可行的,但Ｃａ的测定结果仍不理想;ＱＡ法明显优于ＴＱ法。     

Determination of bergenin in human plasma after oral administration by HPLC-MS/MS method and its pharmacokinetic study

A highly sensitive, simple and selective high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) method was developed and applied to the determination of bergenin concentration in human plasma. Bergenin and the internal standard (IS) thiamphenicol in plasma were extracted with ethyl acetate, separated on a C(18 )reversed-phase column, eluted with mobile phase of acetonitrile-water, ionized by negative ion pneumatically assisted electrospray and detected in the multi-reaction monitoring mode using precursor --> product ions of m/z 327.1 --> 192 for bergenin and 354 --> 185.1 for the IS, respectively. The linear range of the calibration curve for bergenin was 0.25-60 ng mL(-1), with the lowest limit of quantification of 0.25 ng mL(-1), and the intra/inter-day relative standard deviation (RSD) was less than 10%. The method is suitable for the determination of low bergenin concentration in human plasma after therapeutic oral doses, and has been first and successfully used for its pharmacokinetic studies in healthy Chinese volunteers.     

定量核磁法测定CL-20标准物质中有机杂质的含量

采用定量核磁共振波谱法(qNMR)测定六硝基六氮杂异伍兹烷(CL-20)标准物质中有机杂质的含量。核磁谱图解析证明,主要有机杂质成分为残余溶剂乙酸乙酯和中间体五硝基-乙酰基六氮杂异伍兹烷(MPIW),以不含四甲基硅烷(TMS)的氘代丙酮为溶剂,将六甲基二硅醚的四氯化碳标准溶液加入待测液中作为内标,以其谱峰(δ=0.06)作为内标峰对两种有机杂质进行定量分析。考察了延迟时间和采样次数对准确定量的影响,结果显示为确保定量结果的准确性,延迟时间D_1应不小于20 s,采样次数为32次。采用优化后的实验参数进行纯度分析,测得CL-20标准物质中有机杂质乙酸乙酯和MPIW的质量分数分别为0.03516%和0.156 2%,相对标准偏差(RSD)分别为0.91%和0.86%。     

Sensitive high-performance liquid chromatographic determination of famotidine in plasma. Application to pharmacokinetic study.

A sensitive high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method for the quantitation of famotidine in human plasma is described. Clopamide was used as the internal standard. Plasma samples were extracted with diethyl ether to eliminate endogenous interferences. Plasma samples were then extracted at alkaline pH with ethyl acetate. Famotidine and the internal standard were readily extracted into the organic solvent. After evaporation of ethyl acetate, the residue was analysed by HPLC. The chromatographic separation was accomplished with an isocratic mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile-water (12:88, v/v) containing 20 mM disodium hydrogenphosphate and 50 mM sodium dodecyl sulphate, adjusted to pH 3. The HPLC microbore column was packed with 5 microns ODS Hypersil. Using ultraviolet detection at 267 nm, the detection limit for plasma famotidine was 5 ng/ml. The calibration curve was linear over the concentration range 5-500 ng/ml. The inter- and intra-assay coefficients of variation were found to be less than 10%. Applicability of the method was demonstrated by a bioavailability/pharmacokinetic study in normal volunteers who received 80 mg famotidine orally.     

Rapid Determination of Coumatetralyl in Human Serum by High‐Performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled with Electrospray Ionization Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Abstract

A rapid, sensitive, and selective high‐performance liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometric method (HPLC‐MS‐MS) for the determination of coumatetralyl in human serum using warfarin as an internal standard has been developed and validated. Coumatetralyl and the internal standard were extracted from the human serum samples by liquid‐liquid extraction with ethyl acetate, followed by separation on a XDB C₁₈ reversed‐phase column (150 mm×2.1 mm i.d., 5 µm) using a mobile phase consisting of acetic acid‐ammonium acetate (5 mmol/L, pH=4.5)/methanol (20:80, v/v) at a constant flow rate of 0.40 mL/min. Coumatetralyl and the internal standard were ionized by negative ion pneumatically assisted electrospray and detected in the multiple‐reaction monitoring mode using precursor→product ion combinations at m/z 291→247 and 307→161, respectively. The calibration curve was linear (r²=0.9945) in the concentration range of 0.5～100.0 ng/mL, with a lower limit of quantification of 0.5 ng/mL in human serum. Intra‐ and inter‐day relative standard deviations were less than 6.3 and 11.0%, respectively. The mean extraction recovery was 87.9% for coumatetralyl and 90.1% for the internal standard. This method is found to be able to determine trace coumatetralyl in human serum and can be used for the diagnosis of poisoned human beings.     

Development and validation of an analytical method for determination of 3-chloropropane-1,2-diol in rat blood and urine by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in negative chemical ionization mode

We have developed a highly selective and sensitive method using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry with negative chemical ionization for measuring 3-chloropropane-1,2-diol (3-MCPD) in rat blood and urine. Samples were adsorbed on silica gel, extracted with ethyl acetate, and derivatized by chemical derivatization with heptafluorobutyric acid anhydride. For quantification, matrix-based calibration curves and 3-MCPD-d ₅, as an isotope-labeled internal standard, were used. The relative recoveries of 3-MCPD were between 80 and 110% in most cases and the relative standard deviations were typically less than 10%, with some exceptions. The limit of quantification of the method was found to be about 2 ng/mL. In conclusion, a valuable, robust, and sensitive method for detection of 3-MCPD is now available for biokinetics studies.     

Isolation and purification of oridonin from Rabdosia rubescens using upright counter-current chromatography

A preparative counter-current chromatography (CCC) method for isolation and purification of oridonin, a new cancer chemoprevention agent, from the Chinese medicinal plant Rabdosia rubescens was successfully established. The crude oridonin was obtained by elution with a light petroleum/acetone solvent mixture from ethanol extracts of R. rubescens using column chromatography on silica gel. With a two-phase solvent system composed of n-hexane/ethyl acetate/methanol/water (1:2:1:2, v/v), 120 mg of oridonin at the purity of 97.8% was obtained from 200 mg of the crude sample in a single-step CCC separation. The structure of oridonin was identified by ESI-MS, 1H NMR, and 13C NMR.     

毛细管气相色谱内标法测定防霉剂中丙酸

建立了以巴豆酸为内标物,用毛细管气相色谱快速测定防霉剂中丙酸含量的方法.样品用乙酸乙酯提取,以DM-FFAP毛细管柱分离,火焰离子化检测器检测.结果表明,在0.5-5.0 mg/mL浓度范围内,丙酸和巴豆酸的质量浓度比与峰面积比的回归方程为y=0.0101 0.7774x,相关系数r=0.9996,检出限为5.0 mg/L;样品加标回收率(n=6)为91.7%-99.9%,相对标准偏差为3.09%.该方法简单、快速、准确,可用于测定防霉剂中的丙酸含量.     

Purity determination of a new antifungal drug candidate using quantitative 1H NMR spectroscopy: Method validation and comparison of calibration approaches

Quantitative nuclear magnetic resonance (qNMR) is an analytical technique that offers numerous advantages in pharmaceutical applications including minimum sample preparation and rapid data collection times with no need for response factor corrections, being a powerful tool for assaying drug content in both drug discovery and early drug development. In the present work, we have applied qNMR, using both the internal standard and the electronic reference to access in vivo concentrations 2 calibration methods, to assess the purity of RI76, a novel antifungal drug candidate. NMR acquisition and processing parameters were optimized in order to obtain spectra with intense, well-resolved signals of completely relaxed nuclei. The analytical method was validated following current guidelines, demonstrating selectivity, linearity, accuracy, precision, and robustness. The calibration approaches were statistically compared, and no significant difference was observed when comparing the obtained results and their dispersion in terms of relative standard deviation. The proposed qNMR method may, therefore, be used for both qualitative and quantitative assessments of RI76 in early drug development and for characterization of this compound.     

溶剂型涂料中16种有害物质的气相色谱-质谱同时检测方法

建立了溶剂型涂料中16种有害物质(甲醇、卤代烃、苯系物和游离二异氰酸酯)的GC-MS同时检测方法,研究了乙酸乙酯、正己烷、四氢呋喃和乙腈对各有害物质的提取和分离效果,并对样品前处理和色谱条件进行了优化.样品中加入2-溴丙烷和1,2,4-三氯苯作内标,用乙腈超声萃取并经有机膜过滤后,用.GC-MS进行测定,内标法定量.结...