稀土对LaNi3.5Co0.8Mn0.4Al0.3合金电化学及储氢特性的影响

研究了以Ｃｅ,Ｎｄ和Ｐｒ部分替代ＬａＮｉ３．５Ｃｏ０．８Ｍｎ０．４Ａｌ０．３中的Ｌａ后对合金电化学及储氢特性的影响。稀土含量的变化明显改变合金的电化学及储氢特性。随着Ｎｄ含量的增加,合金的放电容量降低。     

（CeO2）0.7—x（MO）x（La2O3）0.3（M=Mg,Ca,Sr）固体电解质及其性能的…

合成了（ＣｅＯ２）０．７－ｘ（ＭＯ）ｘ（Ｌａ２Ｏ３）０．３（Ｍ－Ｍｇ、Ｃａ、Ｓｒ）固体电解质。对其晶体结构、电导率、ＸＰＳ谱、离子迁移数及制成的燃料电池的Ｖ－Ｉ曲线进行了测定。（ＣｅＯ２）０．７（Ｌａ２Ｏ３）０．３中掺入Ｃａ＾２＋、Ｍｇ＾２＋或Ｓｒ＾２＋，可使电解质的氧离子导电性能改善，从而使制成的燃料电池的开路电压输出功率也得到提高。     

氢中杂质CO对LaNi5,LaNi4.7A10.3,MlNi4.5Al0.5合金

研究了３种贮氢合金,即ＬａＬｉ５,ＬａＮｉ４．７Ａｌ０．３,ＭｌＮｉ４．５Ａｌ０．５在纯氢（９９．９９９％）及含０．０１％ＣＯ气体杂质氢中毒化前后的ＰＣＴ特性。对于ＬａＮｉ５,毒化后不出现平台;对ＬａＮｉ４．７Ａｌ０．３及ＭｌＮｉ４．５Ａｌ０．５合金,平台压升高,平台倾斜加剧,平台宽度缩小,饱和吸氢量减小。ＬａＮｉ５中加入少量ＡＬ后,可以提高其抗毒化能力。分析了ＰＣＴ平台变短、倾斜的原因。     

（CeO_2）_（0．7－x）（MO）_x（La_2O_3）_（0．3）（M＝

合成了（ＣｅＯ＿２）＿（０．７－ｘ）（ＭＯ）＿ｘ（Ｌａ＿２Ｏ＿３）＿（０．３）（Ｍ＝Ｍｇ、Ｃａ、Ｓｒ）固体电解质。对其晶体结构、电导率、ＸＰＳ谱、离子迁移数及制成的燃料电池的Ｖ－Ｉ曲线进行了测定。（ＣｅＯ＿２）＿（０．７）（Ｌａ＿２Ｏ＿３）＿（０．３）中掺入Ｃａ￣（２＋）、Ｍｇ￣（２＋）或Ｓｒ￣（２＋），可使电解质的氧离子导电性能改善，从而使制成的燃料电他的开路电压输出功率也得到提高。     

LaNi5-xMx高温氢化的歧化行为

采用Ｘ射线衍射、差热分析及电化学方法，研究了吸氢合金ＬａＮｉ５－ｘ－Ｍｘ（Ｍ＝Ｍｎ，Ｃｏ，Ｆｅ，Ｃｒ，Ａｌ）在高温氢化反应时的歧化行为及其反应产物的电化学性能。ＬａＮｉ５－ｘＭｘ在２．５ＭＰａ氢压和５５０℃以上保温一地间后可发生明显的歧化反应，并析出纳米相镍。歧化反应的程度与加热温度、时间、第三组元Ｍ及合金的生成焓关系密切。电化学交换电流密度测定表明，经歧化反应得到的含纳米相镍的复相组织与原始合金     

La1-xNdx(NiCoMnAl)5贮氢合金性能研究

研究了不同ｘ值的Ｌａ１－ｘＮｄｘ（ＮｉＣｏＭｎＡｌ）５合金的晶格常数、氢平衡压力、放电容量及大电流放电性能。测定结果表明，合金晶胞体积随ｘ值增加呈线性关系减小；当ｘ＝０２时，电极容量达到最大值，而氢平衡压力最低。     

LaNi5和CeNi5标准生成自由能的研究

用０．９５Ｌａｆ３．０．０５ＣａＦ２多晶固体电解质组成原电池测定了ＬａＮｉ５和ＣｅＮｉ５标准生成自由能与温度的关系，电池形式如下：Ｍｏ｜Ｌａ，Ｌａｆ３｜０．９５ＬａＦ３．０．０５ＣａＦ２｜ＬａＮｉ５，Ｎｉ，ＬａＦ３｜Ｍｏ（９０３～１１７３Ｋ）；ＭＯ｜Ｌａ｜０．９５ＬａＦ３．０．０５ＣａＦ２｜ＬａＮｉ５，Ｎｉ｜Ｍｏ（９０３～１１７３Ｋ）；Ｍｏ｜Ｃｅ，ＣｅＦ３｜０．９５ＬａＦ３．０．０５ＣａＦ２｜Ｃｅ     

秦油2号油菜高产栽培中喷肥优化配方研究

采用二次饱和－Ｄ最优设计的方法，研究Ｓｒ（ＮＯ３）２（ｘ１）、ＫＨ２ＰＯ４（ｘ２）和Ｎａ２Ｂ４Ｏ７·１０Ｈ２Ｏ（ｘ３）叶面喷施对秦油２号油菜的产量效应，获得回归方程：ｙ＝２４７．４８５＋７．００４８ｘ１＋２．２９２４４ｘ２—９．８２６４６ｘ３—０．２５３５ｘ１ｘ２—１３．８５２４ｘ１ｘ３：—３．３７４７５ｘ２ｘ３＋２７．０５７５Ｘ２１—１６．３０３６ｘ２２—８．７６７８ｘ２３结果表明Ｓｔ（ＮＯ３）２。有明显的增产作用．ｘ１ｘ３的交互作用（效应）最大．通过计算机模拟．其最佳因子组合为Ｓｒ（ＮＯ３），０．１％、ＫＨ２ＰＯ４０．３％和硼砂０．０１％，预计产量可达２９６．４６ｋｇ／６６７ｍ２．     

La,Ce,Nd和Pr对RE（NiCoMnTi）5贮氢合金电化学性能的作用机理

系统地研究了稀土（ＲＥ＝Ｌａ１－ｘ－ｙ－ｚＣｅｘＮｄｙＰｒｚ）对贮氢合金ＲＥ（ＮｉＣｏＭｎＴｉ）５电化学性能的影响。结果表明，Ｌａ、Ｃｅ、Ｎｄ和Ｐｒ比例对合金性能有显著影响，ＲＥ＝Ｌａ０．４Ｃｅ０．１Ｎｄ０．２Ｐｒ０．３时，对应合金具有最高放电容量，为２９０ｍＡｈ／ｇ，并有较好的循环寿命。从原子结构和性质角度分析了Ｌａ，Ｃｅ，Ｎｄ和Ｐｒ作用的机理。     

Li—Ni—La—O系复合氧化物催化剂上甲烷氧化偶联的研究

考察了Ｌｉ－Ｎｉ－Ｌａ－Ｏ系催化剂的组成、结构及反应条件对甲烷氧化偶联反应活性的影响。在７８０℃、ＣＨ４：Ｏ２：Ｎ２＝２：１：７、空速１５０００ｈ＾－１时，Ｃ２烃收率可达２５．８％。ＸＲＤ、ＩＲ、ＸＰＳ及ＳＥＭ等的结构分析表明，在ＬｉＬａ１－ｘＮｉｘＯ２催化剂中，当０．１≤ｘ≤０．９时，该催化剂由ＬｉＮｉＯ２和Ｌａ２Ｎｉ１－ｙＬｉｙＯ４－λ两相组成，ｘ＜０．３时出现了ＬｉＬａＯ２相，Ｌａ２Ｎｉ１－     

利用手持技术改进测定乙醇分子结构实验

利用压强传感器代替排水集气法,改进测定乙醇分子结构实验的仪器装置,并探索最佳反应条件。另外,设计两个空白实验,结合压强变化曲线对实验误差进行相关讨论。     

Neutral diterpenoids of oleoresins of five species of conifers of Transcarpathia

The compositions of the neutral diterpenoids of the oleoresins of five species of conifers growing in the Transcarpathia have been studied. It has been found that the oleoresins ofAbies alba M.,Larix decidua M., andPicea excelsa L. contain more than 50% of neutral diterpenoids. The group and qualitative compositions of the oxygen-containing diterpenoids have been determined. In the oleoresins ofAbies alba,Picea excelsa, andPicea abies tertiary alcohols — cis-abienol and isocembrol — predominate, while inLarix decidua the main component is the hydroxy ester larixyl acetate. Primary alcohols related to the resin acids have been found in all the oleoresins investigated. Features of the distribution of diterpenoids according to the species of conifers have been revealed. The results obtained are necessary for the chemotaxonomy of conifers of the family Pinceae.Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Translated from Khimiya Prirodynkh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 812–816, November–December, 1988.     

光谱仪测试范围的扩展

由于石化行业的生产需要，其材质的使用具有多样性和广泛性，经常会出现顾客委托的测试样品的一个或几个元素跨越光谱仪现有测试程序测量范围的情况。本法通过对光谱仪测试原理的认识，根据光谱仪的测试能力及标样的采集，实现了一个或几个元素测量范围的扩展，并对其测量的影响因素进行了研究。     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

Influence of viscosity of medium on processes of oxygen quenching of excited states of mesoporphyrin

The oxygen quenching rate constants for singlet and triplet excited states of the dimethyl ester of mesoporphyrin IX increase with decreasing viscosity of the medium and reach a maximum at a viscosity of approximately 0.4 mPa·sec, after which the rate constants begin to decrease. The drop in rate constant with increasing fluidity of the medium may be related to a nonequilibrium character of the elementary act in the interaction of the reactants in the solvent cage. In viscous media such as isopropyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol, and isoamyl alcohol, the reaction radius is greater than the sum of the radii of the reacting particles. The long-range character of these processes is due to the relatively weak dependence of the quenching probability on distance.Translated from Teoreticheskaya i Éksperimental'naya Khimiya, Vol. 25, No. 2, pp. 161–167, March–April, 1989.     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

物质分配系数的测定实验改进

实验教学目的是从解决实际问题出发,以实验技术训练和实验设计思想培养为目标。介绍了将单一的物质分配系数测定实验改进为综合实验,提高了实验效果及实验资源利用率。     

Calculation of enthalpies of hydrogenation of hydrocarbons

Sets of hydrogen molecule equivalents have been developed which permit the calculation of hydrogenation of different types of carbon-carbon bonds from ab initio total energies (3-21G and 6-31G* basis sets, and, to a more limited extent, for MP2/6-31G* data) of reactants and products. The calculated enthalpies of hydrogenation are in good agreement with experiment for unstrained molecules, with average errors on the order of 2 kcal/mol. The 6-31G* equivalents allow the enthalpies for strained molecules to be calculated accurately, but the 3-21G equivalents do not. The equivalents for both basis sets have been tested by calculating the enthalpies of hydrogenation of carbon-carbon bonds in nitrogen- and oxygen-containing organic molecules, free radicals, and classical carbocations. The results are in good agreement with experiment in most cases.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。