水溶液中的氨基酸桥联环糊精二聚体的分子识别

采用荧光偏光方法研究了用2-氨基-L-1,5-戊二酸衍生物和(1R,3R)-1-氨基-1,3-二羧基环戊烷衍生物桥联的环糊精二聚体1和2(主体),在298K、pH=7.4时,与四个低分子量的多肽(客体,H-Trp-Trp-Arg-Arg-NH23;Adm-Trp-Arg-Arg-NH24;Adm-D-Trp-Arg-Arg-NH25;H-Trp-Trp-Trp-Trp-Arg-Arg-NH26)之间的相互作用。研究结果表明,二聚体环糊精对于多肽的分子识别作用,就主体而言,即便是主体作用位点以外部分基团结构的改变,对主-客体之间的分子识别也有重要影响,并且两个空腔在组装客体过程中相互之间产生协同作用,就客体而言,多肽分子的链长、疏水性及其嵌入基团的极性、大小、形状等对包合物的形成与稳定均起重要作用。主-客体组装过程中产生负的焓变和正的熵变,表明范德华-伦敦色散力、氢键和疏水相互作用是本文研究体系的主要包合驱动力。     

荧光标识的环糊精二聚体与小肽衍生物之间的包合行为研究

报道了利用荧光偏振方法研究导硫氰酸盐荧光素（FITC）标识,并由天冬氨酸 、谷氨酸、(1R, 3R)-1-氨基-1,3-二羟基环丁烷和（1R, 3R）-1-氨基-1,3-二 羟基环戊烷衍生物桥联的环糊精二聚体（1～4,作为主体）,在pH = 7.4的水溶液 中与几个低分子量的多肽衍生物:Adm-Lys(Adm)-Arg-Arg 5; Adm-Lys(Adm)-D-Arg- D-Arg 6; Adm-Cha-Arg-Arg 7; Adm-Cha-D-Arg-D-Arg 8（作为客体,其中Arg, Lys, Cha和Adm分别为精氨酸,赖氨酸,β-环已烷丙氨酸和1-羟基金刚烷）之间 的键合常数（K_b)和包合反应的热力学参数（△G°,△H°,△S°）。从主-客体 键合常数的比较、客体嵌入基团的结构与周边环境的考察发现,主、客体之间的键 合能力因客体非进入基团（Arg)空间构型上的变化而有所不同。通过比较主体包结 一对手性异构体的自由能变化增量（-△△G_(DL)°）以及一对手性异构体（L-与 D-）与同一主体的键合常数之比（K_L/K_D),讨论了环糊精二聚体对D-型或L-型多 肽衍生物的手性识别能力。根据各体系T△S°与△H°之间较好的线性关系,探讨 了环糊精二聚体与多肽衍生物之间相互作用的焓-熵补偿行为。     

氨基酸修饰环糊精对脂肪醇的分子识别研究

本文合成了 L-苯丙氨酸修饰 β-环糊精 (1 ) ,应用荧光光谱分光光度滴定方法测定了 2 5℃下 1与几种脂肪醇在磷酸缓冲溶液 (p H7.2 0 )中形成包结络合物的稳定常数 ,从主 -客体间的尺寸 /形状适合、客体分子的刚性及疏水性、疏水相互作用、范德华力等方面考察了主体对客体的分子识别 ,并与 L -色氨酸修饰β-环糊精的分子识别进行了比较。     

罗丹明B-β-环糊精衍生物探针型主-客体分子相互识别作用的研究

应用光谱法研究了生物大分子探针型主体分子罗丹明B一β-环糊精衍生物与DNA的相互作用及温度对该探针特性的影响.探讨了相应的主体分子与DNA分子相互作用的方式、嵌插作用能力大小以及温度对主体分子含客体分子时的影响．进一步研究了探针型主一客体分子相互识别作用及作用能力的大小．探讨了主一客体分子相互识别作用的机制．     

乙二胺桥联环糊精二聚体的多重识别研究

本文合成了由两个乙二胺分子桥联的β-环糊精二聚体(1)。在碱性溶液中1与二价铜离子形成稳定的配合物(2), 根据客体分子被包合前后主、客体质子化学位移的变化研究了水溶液中三个主体分子: β-环糊精、1和2分别与对、间和邻氯苯酚及其钠盐的包合反应。通过比较主-客体包合物生成常数的大小可以推断2与有机阴离子客体之间存在多重识别作用。     

超分子体系中的分子识别研究23.多胺修饰β-环糊精及其铜配合物与萘衍生物的包结配位作用

用荧光光谱滴定法测定了单-[6-(二乙烯三胺)-6-脱氧]-β-环糊精(1)、单-[6-(三乙烯四胺)-6-脱氧]-β-环糊精(2)及其铜配合物(3,4)与一系列萘衍生物在磷酸缓冲溶液(pH 7.2,0.1 mol·dm-3)中,25℃时形成超分子体系的稳定常数,并与母体β-环糊精的配位能力进行了比较.化学计量法表明,四种化学修饰β-环糊精与萘衍生物形成了1:1的超分子配合物.从尺寸适合、几何互补及多点识别等方面讨论了主体化合物对模型底物的分子选择性键合能力.结果表明,疏水相互作用、范德华力、静电相互作用及氢键等多种非共价键弱相互作用协同贡献于超分子配合物的形成,主-客体间的结构匹配在分子受体选择性键合底物形成超分子配合物中起重要作用.     

超分子体系强的分子识别研究 23: 多胺修饰β-环糊精及其铜 配合物与萘衍生 物的包结配位作用

用荧光光谱滴定法测定了单-[6-(二乙烯三胺)-6-脱氧]-β-环糊精(1)、单-[6-(三乙烯四胺)-6-脱氧]-β-环糊精(2)及其铜配合物(3,4)与一系列萘衍生物在磷酸缓冲溶液(pH7.2,0.1mol.dm^-^3)中,25℃时形成超分子体系的稳定常数,并与母体β-环糊精的配位能力进行了比较。化学计量法表明,四种化学修饰β-环糊精与萘衍生物形成了1:1的超分子配合物。从尺寸适合、几何互补及多点识别等方面讨论了主体化合物对模型底物的分子选择性键合能力。结果表明,疏水相互作用、范德华力、静电相互作用及氢键等多种非共价键弱相互作用协同贡献于超分子配合物的形成,主-客体间的结构匹配在分子受体选择性键合底物形成超分子配合物中起重要作用。     

超分子体系强的分子识别研究 23: 多胺修饰β-环糊精及其铜 配合物与萘衍生 物的包结配位作用

用荧光光谱滴定法测定了单-[6-(二乙烯三胺)-6-脱氧]-β-环糊精(1)、单-[6-(三乙烯四胺)-6-脱氧]-β-环糊精(2)及其铜配合物(3,4)与一系列萘衍生物在磷酸缓冲溶液(pH7.2,0.1mol.dm^-^3)中,25℃时形成超分子体系的稳定常数,并与母体β-环糊精的配位能力进行了比较。化学计量法表明,四种化学修饰β-环糊精与萘衍生物形成了1:1的超分子配合物。从尺寸适合、几何互补及多点识别等方面讨论了主体化合物对模型底物的分子选择性键合能力。结果表明,疏水相互作用、范德华力、静电相互作用及氢键等多种非共价键弱相互作用协同贡献于超分子配合物的形成,主-客体间的结构匹配在分子受体选择性键合底物形成超分子配合物中起重要作用。     

罗丹明B—β—环糊精衍生物探针型主—客体分子相互识别？…

应用光谱法研究了生物大分子探针型主体分子罗丹明Ｂ－β－环糊精衍生物与ＤＮＡ的相互作用及温度对该探针特性的影响，探讨了相应的主体分子与ＤＮＡ分子相互作用的方式，嵌插作用能力大小以及温度对主体分子含客体分子时的影响，进一步研究了探针型主－客体分子相互识别作用及作用能力的大小，探讨了主－客体分子相互识别作用的机制。     

β-环糊精及其衍生物对灯盏花乙素增溶作用的研究

采用相溶解度法研究了β-环糊精(β-CD),及其衍生物羟丙基-β-环糊精(HP-β-CD)、磺丁基醚-β-环糊精(SBE-β-CD)、单6-脱氧-氨基-β-环糊精(NH2-β-CD)和单6-脱氧-乙二胺-β-环糊精(en-β-CD)对灯盏花乙素的增溶作用,并测定了主-客体分子形成包合物的平衡常数。结果表明,当灯盏花乙素与上述5种环糊精形成可溶性包合物时,对应的相溶解度曲线均为AL型,说明其与环糊精的包合比均为1∶1;多种弱相互作用力协同作用于环糊精的包结配位过程,环糊精衍生物的取代基影响了主-客体配位能力。5种环糊精主体化合物对灯盏花乙素客体分子的增溶能力的大小为:en-β-CD>NH2-β-CD>HP-β-CD>SBE-β-CD>β-CD。     

Structure selective complexation of cyclodextrins with five polyphenols investigated by capillary electrokinetic chromatography

The complexation of five polyphenols, namely trans‐resveratrol, astilbin, taxifolin, ferulic acid, and syringic acid (guest molecules) with α‐, β‐, and γ‐cyclodextrin (host molecules), was investigated by capillary electrokinetic chromatography. The binding constants were calculated based on the effective electrophoretic mobility change of guests with the addition of cyclodextrins into the background electrolyte. Because of cavity size, cyclodextrins showed structure‐selective complexation property to different guest. The stability of the trans‐resveratrol complexes was in the order of β‐ > α‐ > γ‐cyclodextrin. The cavity size of α‐cyclodextrin was too small for astilbin and taxifolin molecules, and thus they could not form complexes. The molecular size of syringic acid was too big for all cyclodextrins cavity, and no cyclodextrin could form complexes with it. Temperature studies showed that the binding constants decreased with the rise of temperature. Enthalpy and entropy values were calculated and the negative values of these parameters indicated that the complexation process was enthalpy‐controlled. Van der Waals force and release of high‐enthalpy water molecules from the cyclodextrins cavity played important roles in the process.     

Joint use of cyclodextrin additives in chiral discrimination by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography: temperature effects

The temperature dependence of chiral separations was investigated in combined system of reversed-phase (RP) liquid chromatography using two chiral additives: single or β native cyclodextrins and their permethylated derivatives. The model tested compounds of pharmaceutical interest were: methylphenobarbital, mephenytoin, morsuximide and camphor. Taking the localization of a complexation process as a criterion – the combined system with two selectors has been rationalized as occurring in three stages. The influence of temperature (in narrow range of 20°C) on retention and enantioselectivity was studied in; System I (complexation occurs in the mobile phase), in System II (complexation on the stationary phase) and in System III (complexation in both phases together). In System III (as for System I) it has been found that the model compounds could be classified into three groups based on their retention dependence on temperature: retention decrease with temperature decrease, retention increase with temperature decrease or no influence of temperature on retention. For all the compounds investigated, decrease in temperature increases the selectivity. Standard enthalpy (ΔH⁰) and entropy (ΔS⁰) changes of solute transfer between the mobile and the stationary phase and standard enthalpy (ΔH⁰_CD) and entropy (ΔS⁰_CD) changes of complex formation were also calculated. In Systems I and III, if the complexation in the mobile phase is favored process compared with interaction with the stationary phases (RP or covered by permethylated cyclodextrin), the shortest retention time and the best selectivity is observed at low temperature.     

Binding of dimethyl 2,3-naphthalenedicarboxylate with alpha-, beta- and gamma-cyclodextrins in aqueous solution

Fluorescence has been used to investigate the complexes of 2,3-dimethyl naphthalenedicarboxylate with naturally occurring alpha-, beta- and gamma-cyclodextrins. Emission spectra upon excitation of the naphthoate group show two peaks whose ratio of intensities R is the sensitive to the medium polarity. The change of R with cyclodextrin concentration and temperature allows us to obtain the stoichiometry, the formation constants and the changes of enthalpy and entropy upon inclusion. Complexes show 1:1 stoichiometry. R extrapolated at [CD]-->infinity and the analysis of quenching and polarization measurements, as well as, molecular mechanics calculations in the presence of water, permit us to explain the geometry of the complexes, the possible location of the guest in conformity with thermodynamics parameters and the forces responsible for the complexation.     

Thermodynamic parameters for the complexation of water‐insoluble betulin derivatives with (2‐hydroxypropyl)‐γ‐cyclodextrin determined by phase‐solubility technique combined with capillary zone electrophoresis

The complexation of betulinic and betulonic acids (BIA and BOA) (pentacyclic lupane triterpenoids) with (2‐hydroxypropyl)‐γ‐cyclodextrin (HP‐γ‐CD) was studied at different temperatures using the method combining phase‐solubility technique and CZE. In contrast to mobility shift ACE utilizing the electrophoretic mobility, in this approach, the peak areas are used. The apparent binding (stability, formation) constants are obtained by the Higuchi and Connors method from the linear segment of compound solubility diagrams in CD solutions. It was found that the apparent binding constants of the HP‐γ‐CD complexes of BIA and BOA decrease with increasing temperature. The binding constants of BOA complexes are slightly higher than those of BIA complexes; this can be explained by difference in the hydration degrees of carbonyl and hydroxyl groups. On the basis of the binding constants obtained and their temperature dependences (van't Hoff plot), the enthalpy as well as entropy changes and Gibbs free energies were calculated. It was found that the complexation was characterized by negative changes of enthalpy and entropy, that is, it was controlled by enthalpy changes. The results obtained can be used for the optimization of microcapsulation processes of BOA and BIA with the HP‐γ‐CD application in order to increase solubility and bioavailability of these compounds.     

Entropy and enthalpy of polyelectrolyte complexation: Langevin dynamics simulations

We report a systematic study by Langevin dynamics simulation on the energetics of complexation between two oppositely charged polyelectrolytes of same charge density in dilute solutions of a good solvent with counterions and salt ions explicitly included. The enthalpy of polyelectrolyte complexation is quantified by comparisons of the Coulomb energy before and after complexation. The entropy of polyelectrolyte complexation is determined directly from simulations and compared with that from a mean-field lattice model explicitly accounting for counterion adsorption. At weak Coulomb interaction strengths, e.g., in solvents of high dielectric constant or with weakly charged polyelectrolytes, complexation is driven by a negative enthalpy due to electrostatic attraction between two oppositely charged chains, with counterion release entropy playing only a subsidiary role. In the strong interaction regime, complexation is driven by a large counterion release entropy and opposed by a positive enthalpy change. The addition of salt reduces the enthalpy of polyelectrolyte complexation by screening electrostatic interaction at all Coulomb interaction strengths. The counterion release entropy also decreases in the presence of salt, but the reduction only becomes significant at higher Coulomb interaction strengths. More significantly, in the range of Coulomb interaction strengths appropriate for highly charged polymers in aqueous solutions, complexation enthalpy depends weakly on salt concentration and counterion release entropy exhibits a large variation as a function of salt concentration. Our study quantitatively establishes that polyelectrolyte complexation in highly charged Coulomb systems is of entropic origin.     

Thermodynamic characteristics of the interaction between nicotinic acid and phenylalanine in an aqueous buffer solution at 298 K

The interaction between L-phenylalanine and nicotinic acid is studied by solution calorimetry in an aqueous buffer solution (pH 7.35) at different ratios of the reagents. Experimental data on the enthalpy of dissolution of amino acid in the buffer solution of nicotinic acid at 298.15 K are calculated. The values of thermodynamic parameters for the complexation of L-phenylalanine with nicotinic acid are calculated. It is shown that the formation of a 1: 2 molecular complex is stabilized by the entropy factor due to the dominant role of the dehydration effect of initial reagents.     

硅胶自环己烷中吸附含氧芳香化合物的研究

测定了15℃和30℃时硅胶自环己烷中吸附苯甲醇、苯甲醚、苯甲醛和苯甲酸的吸附等温线,这些等温线皆可用Langmuir公式表示。利用Langmuir常数n_m^s和b值计算了吸附过程的△G⁰、△H⁰和△S⁰;四种化合物的△S⁰皆为正值。测定了在较大复盖度时红外光谱图上硅胶表面自由羟基峰的移动值△v_OH。结果表明△H⁰和△v_OH及△v_OH^1/2间有线性关系。文中对所得结果做了初步的解释。     

Conductance and Thermodynamic Study of Thallium and Silver Ion Complexes with Crown Ethers in Different Binary Acetonitrile–Water Solvent Mixtures

The complexation reactions between Ag⁺ andTl⁺ ions with 15-crown-5 (15C5) and phenyl-aza-15-crown-5(PhA15C5) have been studied conductometrically in 90%acetonitrile-water and 50% acetonitrile - water mixed solvents attemperatures of 293, 298, 303 and 308 K. The stability constants of theresulting 1 : 1 complexes were determined, indicating that theTl⁺ complexes are more stable than the Ag⁺complexes. The enthalpy and entropy of crown complexation reactions were determined from the temperature dependence of the complexation constants.The enthalpy and entropy changes depend on solvent composition and the T S⁰ _o–H⁰ plotshows a good linear correlation, indicating the existence of entropy –enthalpy compensation in the crown complexation reactions.     

Thermodynamics of inclusion complex formation between 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium ionic liquids and cucurbit[7]uril

The thermodynamics of 1:1 inclusion complex formation between 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium type ionic liquids and cucurbit[7]uril was studied by isothermal titration calorimetry in aqueous solution at 298 K. The encapsulation proved to be enthalpy driven for all cations used. The enthalpy change upon binding (ΔH) became more negative when the 1-alkyl moiety of the imidazolium ring was gradually lengthened reaching the most exothermic association with the hexyl derivative. Further increase of the number of carbon atoms in the aliphatic chain led to less negative ΔH values. The much smaller entropy change followed the trend of ΔH. The slope of the linear enthalpy–entropy correlation found in the present work is significantly smaller than that reported previously for cyclodextrin complexes, because the more rigid CB7 macrocycle cannot undergo significant conformational change upon complexation.