顺序加料法制备聚苯胺与聚吡咯复合物及其电化学电容性能

以顺序加料原位聚合法化学氧化制备了聚吡咯(PPy)和聚苯胺(PANi)的复合物.采用SEM、红外光谱表征其结构,采用电化学工作站测试其超级电容性能.结果表明:制得的聚苯胺与聚吡咯的复合物,形成了二次结构;复合物的循环伏安特性曲线均接近于理想的矩形,恒流充放电曲线基本为线性,呈现双电层电容;PANi-PPy和PPy-PANi复合物的最高比电容分别达到227.6、195.5 F/g.     

电化学沉积制备氧化石墨烯/聚吡咯复合材料及其用于超级电容器的研究

本文采用改进的Hummers法制备氧化石墨烯(GO),利用电化学沉积法制备聚吡咯(PPy)和GO/PPy复合材料并对其作为超级电容器电极材料进行了探究。通过XRD、FT-IR、AFM和SEM对其结构和形貌进行了表征,研究表明:PPy成功在GO片层上生长,并改变了原来PPy类逗号形的形貌,形成了无定形结构的GO/PPy复合材料。循环伏安法(CV)对不同电沉积时间的PPy和GO/PPy电容量进行了测试,发现电沉积时间为17min的PPy和GO/PPy均表现出较优的电容性能。在1A/g电流密度下进行恒流充放电(CP)测试,通过比较发现GO/PPy比PPy的比电容量提高了82. 3%,达到332. 37F/g。     

交联多孔结构Mn~(2+)掺杂聚苯胺/石墨烯复合材料的制备及超级电容特性

采用简单的原位氧化聚合法成功制备了Mn2+掺杂聚苯胺/还原氧化石墨烯(Mn2+-PANI/r GO)复合物电极材料,利用傅里叶变换红外光谱、X射线衍射、扫描电镜和电化学测试等手段对其结构、形貌和电化学电容性能进行了分析研究。结果表明,纳米棒状的锰离子掺杂态聚苯胺均匀分散在褶皱的石墨烯中,形成交联状的多孔结构。当电流密度为2A/g时,电极的放电比容量高达952 F/g,循环1000次后初始比电容的保持率为86.2%。过渡金属和石墨烯的加入提高了电极材料的电化学性能,高的比电容和优良的循环稳定性使Mn2+-PANI/r GO复合物在超级电容器中有很好的应用前景。     

空心六边形镍钴硫化物/RGO复合物的合成及其超级电容性能

通过两步法制备了一种空心六边形镍钴硫化物(HHNCS)与还原氧化石墨烯(RGO)的纳米复合材料HHNCS/RGO。利用XRD,SEM,TEM和Raman光谱等对复合物进行表征,发现镍钴硫化物为空心六边形结构,并且均匀地附着在RGO的表面。该纳米复合物用作超级电容器电极表现出优异的电化学性能。在电流密度为1 A·g-1时比电容为927 F·g-1;当电流密度增大到20 A·g-1时,比电容仍高达724 F·g-1,表明材料拥有较好的倍率性能。此外,在电流密度5 A·g-1下循环2 000次后比电容保留有初始值的93%,显示出优异的循环稳定性。HHNCS/RGO优异的电容性能主要是由于RGO的存在不仅增强了材料的导电性,而且作为理想的载体分散HHNCS纳米片。HHNCS/RGO纳米复合物优异的电化学性能使其在超级电容器电极材料领域具有应用前景。     

MnO2/PPy/PANI三元纳米管复合材料的合成及其电化学电容性能

在聚苯胺（PANI）和二氧化锰（MnO2）存在的条件下,以FeCl3/甲基橙为模板,通过化学氧化法聚合吡咯(Py)单体,制备MnO2/PPy/PANI纳米管复合材料。 利用X射线衍射、透射电子显微镜、红外光谱和电化学测试等多种测试技术对复合材料进行物性表征和电化学电容性能测试,并讨论了不同含量的PANI对复合物材料的结构和性能的影响。 结果表明,由于PANI、MnO2与PPy三者的相互协同作用,以及材料管状结构的大比表面积,使三元复合材料具有比二元复合材料要大的电化学活性。 所合成的三元复合材料最大比容量达到458.4 F/g。     

羧基化石墨烯基导电聚吡咯复合材料的超电容性能

制备了羧基化石墨烯基聚吡咯复合物(CG/ppy）修饰电极,用循环伏安法和交流阻抗法研究了修饰电极的电化学行为,并对修饰电极进行了恒流充放电以及循环稳定性测试。 实验结果表明,CG/ppy显著提高了玻碳电极在电解液中的电流响应,降低了玻碳电极在电解液中的电阻,修饰电极的比电容可达584 F/g,且经过1000次循环后比电容仍保持初始值的81%。 首次将羧基化石墨烯基聚吡咯应用于电化学领域,证实了CG/ppy修饰电极在该领域中有潜在的应用价值。     

NiO/rGO的溶剂热合成以及作为高循环稳定性超级电容器电极材料的性能表征

通过简单的溶剂热法以及其后续热处理过程,制备了NiO纳米花和NiO/还原氧化石墨烯（rGO）复合物。 在NiO/rGO复合物中,rGO作为基底生长NiO,与此同时,NiO则有效的避免了rGO的团聚。 采用热重分析(TG)、场发射扫描电子显微镜(FE-SEM)和X射线衍射对样品的成分、形貌和结构进行了表征。 NiO/rGO复合物（NiO和rGO的质量比为82.7∶17.3）电极呈现优异的电化学性能。 在1 A/g时,初始比电容为514.9 F/g,当材料完全活化后,其比电容高达600 F/g。 同时,在电流密度为10 A/g时,相比于1 A/g时的比电容保持率为83.5%。 此外,该电极材料具有非常优异的循环稳定性,6000次循环后电容衰减率为7.4%。 表明所制备的复合物是一种有应用价值的超级电容器电极材料。     

石墨烯/聚吡咯纳米纤维超级电容器电极材料的制备及其电化学性能

超级电容器因其具有较高的循环稳定性和较好的能量密度而成为储能器件中的研究热点,其电极材料及制备方法是决定超级电容器电化学性能的关键因素。 本文以聚环氧乙烷-聚环氧丙烷-聚环氧乙烷三嵌段共聚物(P123)为软模板,通过一步原位聚合法成功地制备了石墨烯/聚吡咯纳米纤维(GR/PPy NF)复合超级电容器电极材料。 通过X射线衍射(XRD),X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)和傅里叶变换红外光谱仪(FT-IR)等对复合材料的结构和形态进行了系统的表征。 利用电化学方法对GR/PPy NF复合电极材料的电化学性能进行了系统的分析。 结果表明,在电流密度0.5 A/g下,纳米复合材料的比电容量高达969.5 F/g,在充放电600圈之后,仍可保留初始比电容的88%,展示了良好的电容性能及循环稳定性。 GR/PPy NF制备简单,性能优异,是一种很有前途的能量转换/存储材料。     

9,10-蒽醌-2-磺酸钠盐掺杂对导电聚吡咯电容性能的促进作用

用恒电位法制成以9,10-蒽醌-2-磺酸钠盐(AQS)为掺杂阴离子的导电聚吡咯(PPy)电化学电容器电极材料,并采用循环伏安(CV)、充放电测试、电化学阻抗(EIS)等方法表征电容性质.结果表明,与高氯酸阴离子(ClO4-)掺杂的PPy相比,PPy/AQS电极材料不仅单位质量电容和电极稳定性得到提高,工作电压范围也得以扩大.在1mol·L-1的氯化钾中,工作电压为-0.6至0.6V,扫描速率为50mV·s-1时其单位质量电容达到491F·g-1,比PPy/ClO4-电极材料提高1.5倍.这是由于AQS自身良好的氧化还原活性和AQS掺杂有利于聚吡咯膜形成疏松多孔的纳米及亚微米颗粒结构而导致的.     

废旧锂离子电池基石墨烯/聚苯胺复合材料制备及其电化学性能研究

以废旧手机锂离子电池回收的负极石墨粉制备的氧化石墨烯(GO)和苯胺单体为原料,利用GO活化H_2O_2产生的·OH为氧化剂,采用原位复合法制备了不同质量比的石墨烯/聚苯胺复合材料,通过FTIR、XRD和SEM对其进行了表征,并利用循环伏安、交流阻抗、恒电流充放电等对其电化学性能进行测试。结果表明,该类石墨烯/聚苯胺复合材料具有良好的电化学性能,当电流密度为100mA/g时,质量比为1∶10制备的石墨烯/聚苯胺复合材料(rGO/PANI-10)的比电容达到481F/g,较石墨烯比容量(161F/g)提高了199%,较聚苯胺比容量(351F/g)提高了37%;在500mA/g电流密度下,rGO/PANI-10充放电循环1000圈后,电容保持率为77%,表现出较好的循环稳定性。     

Activated carbon/graphene composites with high-rate performance as electrode materials for electrochemical capacitors

Glucose-derived activated carbon (GAC)/reduced graphene oxide (RGO) composites are prepared by pre-carbonization of the precursors (aqueous mixture of glucose and graphene oxide) and KOH activation of the pyrolysis products. The effect of the mass ratio of graphene oxide (GO) in the precursor on the electrochemical performance of GAC/RGO composites as electrode materials for electrochemical capacitors is investigated. It is found that the thermally reduced graphene oxide sheets serves as a wrinkled carrier to support the activated carbon particles after activation. The pore size distribution and surface area are depended on the mass ratio of GO. Besides, the rate capability of GAC is improved by the introduction of GO in the precursor. The highest specific capacitance of 334 F g^?1 is achieved for the GAC/RGO composite prepared from the precursor with a GO mass ratio of 3 %.     

Improvement of ammonia sensing properties of polypyrrole by nanocomposite with graphitic materials

The more sensitive and rapid ammonia gas sensors were prepared with nanocomposites of polypyrrole (PPy) and graphitic materials such as graphite, graphite oxide (GO), and reduced graphene oxide (RGO). Pyrrole was polymerized uniformly on the surface of graphitic materials by in situ polymerization method. The structures of nanocomposites were studied by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy indicating the well-exfoliated GO and RGO in PPy matrix with favorable interfacial interaction. PPy/RGO nanocomposite showed the highly improved response in detecting ammonia gas mainly due to the effective electron charge transfer between PPy and ammonia and the efficient transfer of electrical resistance variation by the uniformly dispersed conductive RGO in PPy. PPy/RGO nanocomposite gas sensor also showed the excellent reproducibility in ammonia sensing behavior during the recovery process at lower temperature of 373 K.     

Mn3O4/石墨烯复合材料的制备与电化学性能研究

本文以氧化石墨烯（GO）溶液为氧化剂,采用水热法使GO直接氧化Mn(Ac)₂制备Mn₃O₄/石墨烯复合材料,并通过在制备过程中加入氨水提高了复合材料中GO的还原程度与Mn₃O₄颗粒的分散性. 制得的Mn₃O₄/石墨烯复合材料表现出优异的电化学性能. 在0.5 A·g^-1的电流密度下复合材料质量比容量可达到850 mAh·g^-1,0.5 A·g^-1时充放电循环测试200周容量保持率为99%.     

Layer-by-Layer Self-Assembled Multilayer Films Composed of Graphene/Polyaniline Bilayers: High-Energy Electrode Materials for Supercapacitors

Multilayer assemblies of uniform ultrathin film electrodes with good electrical conductivity and very large surface areas were prepared for use as electrochemical capacitors. A layer-by-layer self-assembly approach was employed in an effort to improve the processability of highly conducting polyaniline (PANi) and chemically modified graphene. The electrochemical properties of the multilayer film (MF-) electrodes, including the sheet resistance, volumetric capacitance, and charge/discharge ratio, were determined by the morphological modification and the method used to reduce the graphene oxide (GO) to reduced graphene oxide (RGO) in the multilayer films. The PANi and GO concentrations could be modulated to control the morphology of the GO monolayer film in the multilayer assemblies. Optical ellipsometry was used to determine the thickness of the GO film in a single layer (1.32 nm), which agreed well with the literature value (～1.3 nm). Hydroiodic acid (HI), hydrazine, or pyrolysis were tested for the reduction of GO to RGO. HI was found to be the most efficient technique for reducing the GO to RGO in the multilayer assemblies while minimizing damage to the virgin state of the acid-doped PANi. Ultimately, the MF-electrode, which could be optimized by fine-tuning the nanostructure and selecting a suitable reduction method, exhibited an excellent volumetric capacitance, good cycling stability, and a rapid charge/discharge rate, which are required for supercapacitors. A MF-electrode composed of 15 PANi/RGO bilayers yielded a volumetric capacitance of 584 F/cm(3) at a current density of 3.0 A/cm(3). Although this value decreased exponentially as the current density increased, approaching a value of 170 F/cm(3) at 100 A/cm(3), this volumetric capacitance is one of the best yet reported for the other carbon-based materials. The intriguing features of the MF-electrodes composed of PANi/RGO multilayer films offer a new microdimensional design for high energy storage devices for use in small portable electronic devices.     

One-step synthesis of Pt nanoparticles/reduced graphene oxide composite with enhanced electrochemical catalytic activity

A one-step electrochemical approach for synthesis of Pt nanoparticles/reduced graphene oxide(Pt/RGO) was demonstrated.Graphene oxide(GO) and chloroplatinic acid were reduced to RGO and Pt nanoparticles(Pt NPs) simultaneously,and Pt/RGO composite was deposited on the fluorine doped SnO 2 glass during the electrochemical reduction.The Pt/RGO composite was characterized by field emission-scanning electron microscopy,Raman spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy,which confirmed the reduction of GO and chloroplatinic acid and the formation of Pt/RGO composite.In comparison with Pt NPs and RGO electrodes obtained by the same method,results of cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements showed that the composite electrode had higher catalytic activity and charge transfer rate.In addition,the composite electrode had proved to have better performance in DSSCs than the Pt NPs electrode,which showed the potential application in energy conversion.     

聚吡咯/氧化石墨烯层状复合材料的制备及其在超级电容器中的应用(英文)

通过将吡咯单体在低温下与氧化石墨烯进行原位聚合,获得聚吡咯/石墨烯(Ppy/CRGO)复合材料.采用场发射电子显微镜(FESEM)、红外(FT-IR)和热重分析(TGA)对复合物的表面形貌、结构进行表征.FESEM结果表明,通过控制氧化石墨烯(GO)和吡咯单体的质量比例,可以对复合物的层状和厚度进行调控.FT-IR和TGA结果表明,聚吡咯(Ppy)是通过化学键合的方式与氧化石墨烯复合在一起.通过机械冷压法将粉末状Ppy/CRGO复合物压成圆片电极,并探讨了石墨烯和聚吡咯复合比例、反应时间、烘干温度和孔隙率等因素对Ppy/CRGO复合物电极的电学和电化学性能的影响.结果表明,Ppy与CRGO质量比为10∶1所制得的Ppy/CRGO复合物的电容量为421 F·g-1,通过在电极中引入孔隙,电容量能进一步提升为509 F·g-1.     

Selective and sensitive determination of dopamine by composites of polypyrrole and graphene modified electrodes

A novel method is developed to fabricate the polypyrrole (PPy) and graphene thin films on electrodes by electrochemical polymerization of pyrrole with graphene oxide (GO) as a dopant, followed by electrochemical reduction of GO in the composite film. The composite of PPy and electrochemically reduced graphene oxide (eRGO)-modified electrode is highly sensitive and selective toward the detection of dopamine (DA) in the presence of high concentrations of ascorbic acid (AA) and uric acid (UA). The sensing performance of the PPy/eRGO-modified electrode is investigated by differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), revealing a linear range of 0.1-150 μM with a detection limit of 23 nM (S/N = 3). The practical application of the PPy/eRGO-modified electrode is successfully demonstrated for DA determination in human blood serum.     

Non‐Covalent Functionalization of Graphene with Bisphenol A for High‐Performance Supercapacitors

The reduced graphene oxide (RGO)/bisphenol A (BPA) composites were prepared by an adsorption‐reduction method. The composites are characterized by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), UV‐vis, thermogravimetric (TG) analysis, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results confirm that BPA is adsorbed on the basal plane of RGO by π‐π stacking interaction. Furthermore, the electrochemical behaviors were evaluated by cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic charge/discharge techniques and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The results show that the RGO/BPA nanocomposites exhibit ultrahigh specific capacitance of 466 F·g^?1 at a current density of 1 A·g^?1, excellent rate capability (more than 81% retention at 10 A·g^?1 relative to 1 A·g^?1) and superior cycling stability (90% capacitance decay after 4000 cycles). Consequently, the RGO/BPA nanocomposites can be regarded as promising electrode materials for supercapacitor applications.     

Fe_3O_4/RGO复合材料的制备及其电化学性能研究

以改进Hummers法合成的氧化石墨烯(GO)为前驱体,通过水热法结合烧结工艺制备了四氧化三铁/还原氧化石墨烯(Fe_3O_4/RGO)复合材料。利用X射线衍射(XRD)、拉曼光谱(Raman)、扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)等手段对复合材料的理化性能进行表征;通过充放电测试、循环伏安(CV)和电化学阻抗谱(EIS)等技术,综合考察了材料的储锂性能及电化学性能增强机制。结果表明,在200和600 m A/g电流密度下,Fe_3O_4/RGO复合负极循环60次后的放电比容量分别保持在709和479 mAh/g,表现出良好的倍率性能;相较于纯Fe_3O_4负极,复合负极呈现出更优异的锂电性能,其电化学性能的改善得益于RGO能增强材料的电导性和结构稳定性。     

Synthesis and characterization of a nanocomposite of goethite nanorods and reduced graphene oxide for electrochemical capacitors

We report a one-step synthesis of a nanocomposite of goethite (α-FeOOH) nanorods and reduced graphene oxide (RGO) using a solution method in which ferrous cations serve as a reducing agent of graphite oxide (GO) to graphene and a precursor to grow goethite nanorods. As-prepared goethite nanorods have an average length of 200 nm and a diameter of 30 nm and are densely attached on both sides of the RGO sheets. The electrochemical properties of the nanocomposite were characterized by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and chronopotentiometry (CP) charge–discharge tests. The results showed that goethite/RGO composites have a high electrochemical capacitance of 165.5 F g^?1 with an excellent recycling capability making the material promising for electrochemical capacitors.