NiO/还原氧化石墨烯的溶剂热合成以及作为高循环稳定性超级电容器电极材料的性能表征

通过简单的溶剂热法以及其后续热处理过程,制备了NiO纳米花和NiO/还原氧化石墨烯(rGO)复合物。在NiO/rGO复合物中,rGO作为基底生长NiO,与此同时,NiO则有效的避免了rGO的团聚。采用热重分析(TG)、场发射扫描电子显微镜(FE-SEM)和X射线衍射对样品的成分、形貌和结构进行了表征。NiO/rGO复合物(NiO和rGO的质量比为82.7∶17.3)电极呈现优异的电化学性能。在1 A/g时,初始比电容为514.9 F/g,当材料完全活化后,其比电容高达600 F/g。同时,在电流密度为10 A/g时,相比于1 A/g时的比电容保持率为83.5%。此外,该电极材料具有非常优异的循环稳定性,6000次循环后电容衰减率为7.4%。表明所制备的复合物是一种有应用价值的超级电容器电极材料。     

三维NiO/CoMoO4纳米线/片复合材料的制备及其超级电容特性

采用两步水热法和高温退火法成功制备了三维氧化镍/钼酸钴(NiO/CoMoO_4)复合电极材料。利用XRD、扫描电镜、透射电镜和电化学方法分别对其结构、表面形貌和电化学性能进行了表征和研究。结果表明,NiO/CoMoO_4呈独特的纳米线/片状结构而不同于NiO的针状形貌,其结构为活性物质提供了更大的活性位点。在电流密度为0. 3A/g时,复合物的比电容高达2253F/g,远远高于同电流密度下纯NiO电极材料的比电容,循环2000圈后,电容的保持率为92%,NiO和CoMoO_4的协同效应增强了其超级电容特性。     

NF/rGO/Co_3O_4/NiO电极的制备及在超级电容器中的应用

以泡沫镍(NF)为集流体,在优化好的电位、时间和浓度下,将还原氧化石墨烯(rGO)、金属氧化物(Co_3O_4和NiO)直接生长在泡沫镍上,制备了NF/rGO/Co_3O_4和NF/rGO/Co_3O_4/NiO电极.运用三电极体系对电极材料进行了恒流充放电(GCD)和交流阻抗(EIS)等测试.结果表明,复合材料NF/rGO/Co_3O_4/NiO具有较高的比容量(电流密度为2 A/g时,比容量达到1188.6 F/g)和较好的循环稳定性(2000周充放电后,稳定性达到80.5%).该材料还具有较高的倍率性能,当电流密度由2 A/g增至12 A/g时,倍率性能仍能达到75.7%.     

不同形貌氧化镍纳米材料的合成及其电化学性能

以水-乙二醇为溶剂,以聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)为表面活性剂,采用溶剂热法合成了NiO纳米片,NiO纳米薄片通过自组装形成花状结构。 改变反应温度和溶剂,制备了NiO纳米立方体颗粒和NiO纳米球形颗粒。 用合成的NiO纳米材料制备工作电极,在6 mol/L的KOH溶液中利用三电极体系进行了电化学性能测试。 在电化学性能测试中进行了循环伏安测试、恒电流充放电测试和电化学阻抗谱(EIS)测试。 结果表明,NiO纳米片的比电容最高(在电流密度为0.5 A/g时比电容值为402 F/g),倍率性能最佳(0.5 A/g增加至4 A/g时有80.1%的电容保持率)。 在电流密度为4 A/g时对NiO纳米片进行1000次恒流充放电循环测试,比电容损失了9.7%。     

交联多孔结构的Mn2 掺杂聚苯胺/石墨烯复合材料的制备及超级电容特性

采用简单的原位氧化聚合法成功制备了Mn₂ 掺杂聚苯胺/石墨烯(Mn₂ -PANI/rGO)复合物电极材料,利用傅里叶变换红外(FT-IR)光谱、X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(FESEM)和电化学测试等手段对其结构、形貌和电化学电容性能进行了分析研究。结果表明,纳米棒状的锰离子掺杂态聚苯胺均匀分散在褶皱的石墨烯中,形成交联状的多孔结构;Mn₂ -PANI/rGO复合物具有高的比电容和优良的循环稳定性,当电流密度为2A/g时,电极的放电比容量高达952 F/g, 循环1000 次后初始比电容的保持率为86.2%,这表明过渡金属和石墨烯的加入增强了其电化学性能,高的比电容和好的速率使其复合物有望在超级电容器中有广泛的应用前景。     

氧化镍的合成及其超级电容性能

采用直接沉淀法制备了β-Ni(OH)2前驱体,经热处理后得到样品粉末。采用XRD、SEM和BET测试技术对样品进行了物性表征。结果表明,样品为立方相的NiO。用循环伏安、恒流充放电和交流阻抗研究了其超级电容性能。结果表明,所制备的NiO具有典型的法拉第赝电容特性。当pH值为11～12,沉淀温度为30℃条件下制备出Ni(OH)2前驱体,经300℃热处理3h后得到的NiO的比容量最大。当充放电电流密度为3×10-3A/cm2时,电极材料的比容量达到346F/g,电极电化学反应的电极电阻和液接电阻分别为0.24和0.085Ω,且具有良好的循环寿命。5×10-3A/cm2循环100次后,比电容为291.5F/g,充放电效率为93.5%。     

聚吡咯/还原氧化石墨烯复合物的合成及电容性能

通过原位聚合方法制备不同配比的聚吡咯/氧化石墨（PPy/GO）复合物,将其用NaBH4还原得到聚吡咯/还原氧化石墨烯(PPy/RGO)复合物,采用X射线衍射、红外光谱和场发射扫描电子显微镜（FESEM）对其结构和形貌进行物理表征。 采用循环伏安、恒电流充放电和交流阻抗等电化学方法系统研究了所制备样品的电化学性能。 实验结果表明,在电流密度为0.5 A/g、吡咯（Py）与GO质量比为95∶5时,得到的复合物还原前后比电容分别可达401.5和314.5 F/g,远高于单纯的GO（34.8 F/g）和PPy（267.5 F/g）。 经过1200圈循环稳定性测试后,PPy/RGO复合物比电容保持了原来的62.5%,与PPy和PPy/GO（电容保持率分别为16.8%和46.4%）相比,PPy/RGO表现出更好的循环稳定性能,有望成为超级电容器电极材料。     

空心六边形镍钴硫化物/RGO复合物的合成及其超级电容性能

通过两步法制备了一种空心六边形镍钴硫化物(HHNCS)与还原氧化石墨烯(RGO)的纳米复合材料HHNCS/RGO。利用XRD,SEM,TEM和Raman光谱等对复合物进行表征,发现镍钴硫化物为空心六边形结构,并且均匀地附着在RGO的表面。该纳米复合物用作超级电容器电极表现出优异的电化学性能。在电流密度为1 A·g-1时比电容为927 F·g-1;当电流密度增大到20 A·g-1时,比电容仍高达724 F·g-1,表明材料拥有较好的倍率性能。此外,在电流密度5 A·g-1下循环2 000次后比电容保留有初始值的93%,显示出优异的循环稳定性。HHNCS/RGO优异的电容性能主要是由于RGO的存在不仅增强了材料的导电性,而且作为理想的载体分散HHNCS纳米片。HHNCS/RGO纳米复合物优异的电化学性能使其在超级电容器电极材料领域具有应用前景。     

离子热法合成二维共价有机框架材料及其电化学性能

以离子液体1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑鎓硫酸乙酯盐（[Emim]ESe）为溶剂,通过常压缩聚合成两种二维（2D）共价有机框架材料（COFs）,分别被记为BTA-TAPT COF和TFPB-TAPT COF。将TFPB-TAPT COF材料组装到三电极体系中,对该材料的电化学性能进行研究。结果表明：在电压窗口为0~1 V,电流密度为0.5 A/g时,质量比电容为96 F/g。此外,TFPB-TAPT COF材料表现出良好的循环稳定性,在电流密度为0.5 A/g下循环5000次,具有93 F/g的初始质量比电容,经5000次循环后仍有62 F/g（初始值的67%）的质量比电容。     

交联多孔结构Mn~(2+)掺杂聚苯胺/石墨烯复合材料的制备及超级电容特性

采用简单的原位氧化聚合法成功制备了Mn2+掺杂聚苯胺/还原氧化石墨烯(Mn2+-PANI/r GO)复合物电极材料,利用傅里叶变换红外光谱、X射线衍射、扫描电镜和电化学测试等手段对其结构、形貌和电化学电容性能进行了分析研究。结果表明,纳米棒状的锰离子掺杂态聚苯胺均匀分散在褶皱的石墨烯中,形成交联状的多孔结构。当电流密度为2A/g时,电极的放电比容量高达952 F/g,循环1000次后初始比电容的保持率为86.2%。过渡金属和石墨烯的加入提高了电极材料的电化学性能,高的比电容和优良的循环稳定性使Mn2+-PANI/r GO复合物在超级电容器中有很好的应用前景。     

Three-dimensional flower-like nickel oxide supported on graphene sheets as electrode material for supercapacitors

Dispersed three-dimensional (3D) flower-like nickel oxide on graphene sheets was synthesized by incorporating a facile hydrothermal process with a thermal treatment process. The possible growth mechanism of 3D flower-like NiO is discussed. When used as electrode materials for supercapacitors, the resultant composite exhibits a specific capacitance of 346F/g (1.5A/g), a good rate performance and cycle stability in 2?M KOH. NiO in the composite could provide a specific capacitance as high as 778.7F/g, compared to that of bare NiO of only 220F/g. The functional features of unique 3D flower-like NiO morphology, high conductivity of graphene sheets and its protective effect to the structure of NiO result in an improved electrochemical performance.     

Ni3(HCOO)6/还原氧化石墨烯复合电极材料的制备及电容性能

以氧化石墨烯(GO)为前驱体, Ni(NO₃)₂·6H₂O为镍源, 甲酸为配体, N,N-二甲基甲酰胺为溶剂, 通过一步溶剂热法制备了Ni₃(HCOO)₆/rGO复合电极材料. 研究结果表明, 通过金属镍离子和配体在氧化石墨烯表面超分子自组装成核, 形成了“三明治”式的夹心复合结构; 不同的GO浓度对复合材料的物相结构、 晶体尺寸大小、 形貌及电化学性能有很大的影响; 当GO的浓度为8 mg/mL时, 在100 ℃下反应24 h得到的Ni₃(HCOO)₆/rGO复合材料在电解液为1 mol/L KOH, 5 mV/s下比电容高达940 F/g, 经过500次充放电循环后电容的保持率为96.28%.     

One-pot synthesis of CoO–ZnO/rGO supported on Ni foam for high-performance hybrid supercapacitor with greatly enhanced cycling stability

The high specific capacitance along with good cycling stability are crucial for practical applications of supercapacitors,which always demands high-performance and stable electrode materials.In this work,we report a series of ternary composites of CoO-ZnO with different fractions of reduced graphene oxide(rGO) synthesized by in-situ growth on nickel foam,named as CZG-1,2 and 3,respectively.This sort of binder-free electrodes presents excellent electrochemical properties as well as large capacitance due to their low electrical resistance and high oxygen vacancies.Particularly,the sample of CZG-2(CoO-ZnO/rGO 20 mg) in a nanoreticular structure shows the best electrochemical performance with a maximum specific capacitance of 1951.8 F/g(216.9 mAh/g) at a current intensity of 1 A/g.The CZG-2-based hybrid supercapacitor delivers a high energy density up to 45.9 Wh/kg at a high power density of 800 W/kg,and kept the capacitance retention of 90.1% over 5000 charge-discharge cycles.     

多孔纳米立方FeSe2/石墨烯复合材料的可控构建及在钠离子电池中的应用

设计具有较高比容量和循环稳定性的负极材料对于钠离子电池的发展至关重要。过渡金属硒化物因其具有较高的理论容量而成为潜在的负极材料。但是,硒化物电导率低下且在钠离子嵌入/脱出的过程中会发生较大程度的体积膨胀,导致比容量快速下降。因此,结构调控显得尤为重要。通过常规水热法在二维还原氧化石墨烯（rGO）上原位生长多孔纳米立方体FeSe₂,制备了具有更多活性位点和结构更加稳定的FeSe₂/rGO复合材料。当用作钠离子电池的负极时,复合材料FeSe₂/rGO在0.2 A/g时比容量为694.6 mA?h/g,在2.0 A/g电流密度下,循环300圈后比容量为300 mA?h/g。     

Direct synthesis of porous NiO nanowall arrays on conductive substrates for supercapacitor application

Porous NiO nanowall arrays (NWAs) grown on flexible Fe-Co-Ni alloy have been successfully synthesized by using nullaginite (Ni₂(OH)₂CO₃) as precursor and investigated as supercapacitor electrodes. In details, we adopted a simple hydrothermal method to realize Ni₂(OH)₂CO₃ NWAs and examined their robust mechanical adhesion to substrate via a long-time ultrasonication test. Porous NiO NWAs were then obtained by a post-calcination towards precursors at 500 °C in nitrogen atmosphere. Electrochemical properties of as-synthesized NiO NWAs were evaluated by cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic charge/discharge; porous NiO NWAs electrode delivered a specific capacitance of 270 F/g (0.67 A/g); even at high current densities, the electrode could still deliver a high capacitance up to 236 F/g (13.35 A/g). Meanwhile, it exhibited excellent cycle lifetime with ∼93% specific capacitance kept after 4000 cycles. These results suggest that as-made porous NiO NWAs electrode is a promising candidate for future thin-film supercapacitors and other microelectronic systems.     

Electrochemical capacitors based on the composite of graphene and nickel foam

An improved Hummers method was developed for the simple and efficient production of high-quality graphene oxide(GO), and the composite of GO and nickel foam(NF)(GO/NF) was fabricated by ultrasonication-vacuum-assisted deposition of an aqueous solution of GO on NF. After chemical or thermal reduction, the composite of reduced GO and nickel foam(r GO/NF) was obtained. The electrochemical capacitance performance of r GO/NF was investigated using cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic charge/discharge measurements. The chemically reduced r GO/NF composite(C-r GO/NF) exhibited high specific capacitance of 379 F/g at 1.0 A/g and 266.5 F/g at 10 A/g. We also prepared thermally reduced graphene oxide at 473 K in order to illuminate the difference in effect between the chemical and low-temperature thermal reduction methods on electrochemical properties. The cycling performance of thermally reduced r GO/NF composite(T-r GO/NF) and C-r GO/NF had ~91% and ~95% capacitance retention after 2000 cycles in a 6 mol/L KOH electrolyte, respectively. Electrochemical experiments indicated that the obtained r GO/NF has very good capacitive performance and could be used as a potential application of electrochemical capacitors. Our work revealed high electrochemical capacitor performance of r GO/NF composite and provided a facile method of r GO/NF preparation.     

A wide potential window aqueous supercapacitor based on LiMn<Subscript>2</Subscript>O<Subscript>4</Subscript>–rGO nanocomposite

Aqueous supercapacitors based on neutral solutions have the advantages of high-ionic conductivity, being environmentally friendly, safe, and low cost. However, the operating potential window for most aqueous electrolytes is far lower than that of organic electrolytes that are commonly used in commercial supercapacitors. In this work, we report on the fabrication of a wide potential window, high-energy aqueous asymmetric supercapacitor, without sacrificing power, by using a nanostructured LiMn₂O₄/reduced graphene oxide (LMO–rGO) nanocomposite. We synthesized the uniformly distributed LMO in the LMO–rGO nanocomposite using a co-precipitation route followed by a low-temperature hydrothermal treatment. In a three-electrode cell setup, the specific capacitance of the LMO–rGO nanocomposite electrode at 1 A/g (1.2 mA/cm²) is 268.75 F/g (258 mF/cm²), which shows a dramatic improvement over the sum of the specific capacitances of pristine LMO (162.5 F/g) and pure rGO (29.94 F/g) electrodes in their relative ratios, when used alone. This finding suggests a synergistic coupling of LMO and rGO in the nanocomposite. We also assembled the LMO–rGO nanocomposite, as the positive electrode, with activated carbon, as the negative electrode, into an asymmetric cell configuration. The device shows an ultra-wide potential window of 2.0 V in a neutral aqueous Li₂SO₄ electrolyte, with a maximum energy density of 29.6 Wh/kg (which approaches the commercial lead-acid batteries), power density of up to 7408 W/kg, and an excellent cycle life (5% loss after 6000 cycles). These findings confirm that an LMO–rGO nanocomposite is a promising material to meet the demands of real world energy storage.     

Hollow Co9S8 from metal organic framework supported on rGO as electrode material for highly stable supercapacitors

We demonstrate a hydrothermal method to fabricate a composite of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) with hollow Co₉S₈ derived from metal organic framework (MOF), which exhibits a high specific capacitance of 575.9 F/g at 2 A/g and 92.0% capacitance retention after 9000 cycles.     

Mesoporous slit-structured NiO for high-performance pseudocapacitors

Mesoporous slit-structured NiO materials were prepared through a simple hydrothermal route with sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS) as an additive. The as-prepared NiO samples presented high specific capacitance of over 1700 F g(-1) in the potential range from 0.10 to 0.56 V (vs. Hg/HgO/6 mol L(-1) KOH) at a constant current of 2 A g(-1), and good capacitance retention of ～90% after 1000 continuous charge-discharge cycles. Only the NiO electrode materials with uniform slit-structured mesopores, which were confirmed through nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms and high-resolution transmission electron microscope, delivered excellent capacitances far beyond any previous report up to now. Pore structures (including pore shape, size, and distribution) are dominant factors in pseudocapacitor materials.