Isotopic exchange reactions between iron-sulphur-nitrosyl clusters and nitrite

The anion [Fe₄S₃(NO)₇]⁻ undergoes slow exchange with labelled nitrite [¹⁵NO₂]⁻ to yield a product [Fe₄S₃(¹⁴NO)(¹⁵NO)₆]⁻ in which complete isotopic exchange has occurred at the basal Fe(NO)₂ groups, but with no exchange at the apical Fe(NO) group. The neutral Fe₄S₄(NO)₄ reacts rapidly with [¹⁵NO₂⁻ to give fully exchanged [Fe₄S₃(¹⁵NO)₇]⁻, and it is proposed that the conversion proceeds by fragmentation, followed by complete isotopic exchange and rapid reassembly. The binuclear anion [Fe₂S₂(NO)₄]²⁻ also yields, with [¹⁵NO₂]²⁻ in CD₂Cl₂ solution, the fully exchanged [Fe₄S₃(¹⁵NO)₇]⁻, and a mechanism involving successive fragmentation, exchange and reassembly steps is proposed; however in aqueous solution, a clean exchange reaction occurs to give [Fe₂S₂(¹⁵NO)₄]²⁻. Neutral binuclear esters Fe₂(SR)₂(NO)₄ (R = Me, Et, or Ph) with [¹⁴NO₂]⁻ yield the mononuclear paramagnetic [Fe(¹⁴NO)₂(¹⁴NO₂)₂]⁻, and with [¹⁵NO₂]⁻ the analogous [Fe(¹⁵NO)₂(₁₅NO₂)₂]⁻.     

Electron paramagnetic resonance study of the reactions of tetrathiomolybdate with roussin salts and esters, and with some related iron nitrosyls

The tetrathiomolybdate ion [MoS₄]²⁻ reacts in DMF solution with Roussin esters Fe₂(SR)₂(NO)₄ (R = Me, Et, n-Pr, i-Pr, n-Bu,t-Bu, n-C₅H₁₁) to yield the paramagnetic iron nitrosyls [Fe(NO)₂(SR)₂]⁻ (1), [Fe(NO)₂(S₂MoS₂]⁻ (2) and [Fe(NO)(S₂MOS₂)₂]⁻ (3). The new complexes (2) and (3) have been characterized by EPR spectroscopy and the assignment to them of constitutions based respectively upon tetrahedral and square pyramidal iron is supported by EHMO calculations. Fe₂(SPh)₂(NO)₄ with [MoS₄]²⁻ yields only [Fe(NO)₂(SPh)₂]⁻, and preformed (3) reacts with PhS⁻ to give firstly EPR-silent species, and then [Fe(NO)₂(SPh)₂]⁻. The mononitrosyl (3) can also be formed by reaction of [MoS₄]²⁻ with [Fe₄S₃(NO)₇]⁻, Fe₄S₄(NO)₄, or Fe₂I₂(NO)₄.     

MoS_2@Co_9S_8蛋黄壳复合材料的制备及其电化学性能

近年来,过渡金属硫化物已成为锂离子电池理想的负极材料之一。其中,MoS_2具有的独特二维层状结构使得其能够让Li+在电化学反应中可逆地嵌入和脱出,且拥有较高的理论储锂容量(670 m A·h/g)而受到广泛关注。但MoS_2作为典型的半导体材料,电导率低下且在锂离子嵌入-脱出的过程中会发生较大程度的体积收缩膨胀,所以具有较差的倍率性能和循环性能,限制了其商业化的使用。很多研究通过优化MoS_2结构或与其它导电材料复合来克服上述缺陷。Co_9S_8具有较高的电导率,但由于其迟缓的离子传输动力学表现出低的首次库仑效率及较差的循环稳定性,基于此,将MoS_2与Co_9S_8结合利用二者协同效应来提高复合材料的电化学性能。本文采用溶剂热与气相沉积法制备得MoS_2@Co_9S_8蛋黄结构复合材料电极。MoS_2与Co_9S_8均匀分布于整个蛋黄壳结构,这有利于电子和锂离子的快速传输,从而有效地提升了电极的循环性能和倍率性能。其次,蛋黄壳的空穴有效缓解了在充放电过程中的体积膨胀,及其活性位点有效缩短了离子和电子的传输距离,提高了电极反应动力学并获得高比容量。MoS_2@Co_9S_8蛋黄壳复合物的循环性能与倍率性能在同等条件下均高于Co_9S_8和MoS_2,在电流密度为0.2 A/g下循环500圈后,放电容量仍能维持在631.5 m A·h/g。     

明胶/Fe2S3纳米生物复合物形成反应的热力学及明胶构象变化

在pH=7.40条件下,采用一锅化学反应法制得水溶性明胶/Fe₂S₃纳米生物复合物,扫描电镜照片显示Fe₂S₃颗粒为棒状.根据吸光度与Fe₂S₃浓度关系,由Benesi-Hildebrand方程计算了不同温度下反应的形成常数K (293 K: 14.47×10² L·mol^-1; 297 K: 9.24×10² L·mol^-1; 309 K: 1.70×10² L·mol^-1)及对应温度下反应的热力学参数(Δ_rG_m = -17.88/-16.68/-13.09 kJ·mol^-1; Δ_rH_m = -105.57 kJ·mol^-1; Δ_rS_m = -299.28 J·K^-1·mol^-1),结果表明明胶/Fe₂S₃纳米生物复合物的形成反应是自发的放热过程,且为焓驱动.傅里叶变换红外光谱表明,Fe₂S₃主要与明胶大分子肽链中的酰胺键结合;对红外光谱进行去卷积拟合,结果表明:明胶蛋白质的 α-螺旋含量减少,β-折叠含量明显增加.结合紫外和红外光谱测试结果对复合物的形成机理作了初步的推测:首先Fe³⁺与明胶大分子中的酰胺键结合形成明胶/Fe³⁺复合物,然后S^2-与明胶/Fe³⁺中的Fe³⁺形成明胶/Fe₂S₃复合物.     

基于磺酰基杯[4]芳烃的Co16笼簇的合成、结构及电化学性质

以氯化钴、 对叔丁基磺酰杯[4]芳烃(H₄TC4A-SO₂)和非对称性3-(1H-四唑-5-基)苯甲酸(H₂L)为原料, 通过溶剂热法合成了一个具有四面体配位笼结构的16核化合物[Co₁₆(TC4A-SO₂)₄(OH)₄(L)₈]·[(C₈H₂₀N)(C₄H₁₂N)₂(C₂H₈N)]·solvent(Co₁₆-TC4A-SO₂). 采用X射线单晶衍射、 X射线粉末衍射、 热重分析、 红外光谱方法对配合物进行了表征. 将Co₁₆-TC4A-SO₂笼簇直接负载到碳纸上(Co₁₆-TC4A-SO₂/CP)用作工作电极, 其对析氧反应(OER)展现出较好的催化性能. 在1 mol/L KOH中, Co₁₆-TC4A-SO₂/CP在343.8 mV的过电位下达到10.0 mA/cm ²电流密度, Tafel斜率为79.31 mV/dec, 并且在20.0 mA/cm ²电流密度下表现出长达48 h的催化稳定性.     

Hydrothermal Synthesized Co-Ni3S2 Ultrathin Nanosheets for Efficient and Enhanced Overall Water Splitting

We used the one-step hydrothennal controlled synthesis method for Co-Ni3S2 ultrathin nanosheets grown directly on nickel foam(NF).The as-synthesized Co-Ni3S2/NF showed eiilianced activities in the hydrogen evolution reaction(HER),oxygen evolution reaction(OER)and better overall water splitting(OWS)efficiency than the iin-doped Ni3S2/NF.the voltage of Co-Ni3S2/NF for OWS was only 1.58 V at the current density of 10 niA/cm^2 and with long time(>30 h)current output during the current-density(i-t)test.The good i-t pertonnance was also observed in both HER and OER processes.Additionally,the Co-Ni3S2/NF showed a large current density(>1A/cm^2)for both HER and OER.Wlien the current densities reached 100 and 1000 mA/cm^2,the required overpotentials tor Co-Ni3S2/NF were 0.35 and 0.75 V for OER and 0.30 and 0.85 V for HER.Therefore,after introducing Co,the activity of Ni3S2-based material was strongly enhanced.     

NiS-Ni3S2树状异质结阵列在析氧反应中的应用

在过去的几十年里,数以万计化石能源的开发和利用导致了一系列的环境问题,例如温室效应和水污染等。许多应对的策略被提出以应对环境问题,可再生氢气是其中一个最为瞩目的能源。而在其中,电解水是为了获得可在生氢气最为环保的方案。在阳极发生反应过于低效则限制着这项技术的发展,所以研究开发高效的阳极电催化剂变得尤为重要。在本文中,我们通过一步水热法合成了一种直接生长在泡沫镍基地的NiS-Ni₃S₂树状异质结阵列。这个材料在实际电解水的阳极反应中表现出巨大的潜能,表现出高效的电催化性能和超强的稳定性能。NiS-Ni₃S₂树状异质结阵列比纳米棒状Ni₃S₂表现出更好的性能。因为其拥有更高的比表面积和NiS-Ni₃S₂之间协同效应展现。NiS-Ni₃S₂树状异质结阵列的高性能也可能是因为其紧密地与泡沫镍基地连接,拥有较好的电子传输路径。同时,在反应的过程中,一些羟基氢氧化镍的产生也有利于催化效果的提升。毫无疑问,NiS-Ni₃S₂树状异质结阵列作为电解水的阳极催化剂拥有极大的前景。     

介孔Co3O4多面体的制备及电化学性能

通过水热处理Co(NO₃)₂与(NH₄)₂S₂O₈合成了CoOOH多面体, 再经高温煅烧得到具有介孔结构的Co₃O₄多面体; 利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、 透射电子显微镜(TEM)、 X射线衍射(XRD)和N2吸附\|脱附实验等手段对其结构和组成进行了表征; 研究了反应时间、 反应温度及(NH₄)₂S₂O₈浓度等因素对CoOOH多面体形貌的影响, 分析了CoOOH多面体的形成机理. 性能测试结果表明, 该介孔Co₃O₄多面体具有良好的葡萄糖电化学检测活性, 检测线性范围为0.05~1.8 mmol/L, 响应灵敏度为148 μA·cm^-2·mmol·L^-1, 检出限为1 μmol/L.     

SO_4~(2-)功能化处理对Fe_2O_3催化剂上氨选择性催化还原NO_x性能的促进机理研究

采用沉淀法制备了Fe(OH)_3和Fe_2O_3。通过硫酸化处理得到SO_4~(2-)/Fe(OH)_3和SO_4~(2-)/Fe_2O_3两种催化剂,并将其应用于氨选择性催化还原NO_x(NH_3-SCR)反应,研究了SO_4~(2-)功能化处理对Fe_2O_3催化剂上NH_3-SCR脱硝性能的促进机理。结果表明,与纯的Fe_2O_3相比,硫酸化处理得到的催化剂上SCR活性得到显著提升;其中,SO_4~(2-)/Fe(OH)_3表现出更加优异的催化性能,在250-450℃时NO_x转化率高于80%,且具有优异的稳定性和抗H_2O+SO_2性能。XRD、Raman、TG、FT-IR、H_2-TPR、NH_3-TPD和in situ DRIFTS等表征结果显示,硫酸功能化处理能抑制Fe_2O_3的晶粒生长,同时SO_4~(2-)与Fe~(3+)结合形成硫酸盐复合物,提高了催化剂表面酸性位点的数量和酸强度,抑制了Fe_2O_3上的氨氧化反应,从而提高了其脱硝催化性能。     

The reported ion Fe3S2(NO)5: A re-investigation

Salts reported to contain the iron-sulphur cluster nitrosyl anion Fe₃S₂(NO)₅⁻ are shown to be identical with those containing the well-known anion Fe₄S₃(NO)₇⁻.     

锂空气电池高容量长寿命Co3O4纳米空心球阴极催化剂

以六水合硝酸钴（Co(NO₃)₂·6H₂O）、六次甲基四胺（HMT）、蔗糖、柠檬酸钠（Na₃C₆H₅O₇）为原料,140 ^oC下水热碳化处理即得反应前驱物,经煅烧处理后,可得多孔Co₃O₄纳米空心球. 锂空气电池Co₃O₄/SP阴极催化剂具有优异的循环寿命性能,这归因于Co₃O₄空心球的纳米颗粒构成、较高比表面积的多孔结构,为电池反应提供了大量的反应位点,为充放电产物提供了足够的存储空间.     

二元析氧催化剂CoxCr1-xO3/2的制备及性能研究

用热分解法制得不同混合比例的二元金属氧化物催化剂Co_xCr_1-xO_3/2（x = 0,0.2,0.4,0.6,0.8,1）,使用SEM、XRD和XPS观察表征催化剂形貌、晶型和价态,使用线性扫描伏安、阶梯波伏安和恒电位测试电极活性、过电位和稳定性. 结果表明,该Co₃O₄和绿铬矿型Cr₂O₃混合物形成固溶体Co_xCr_1-xO_3/2. x = 0.2时,Co_0.2Cr_0.8O_3/2电极性能较单一Co₃O₄和Cr₂O₃电极好,在高电位（1.0 V vs. Ag/AgCl）,其电流强度是Co₃O₄的3.75倍,Cr₂O₃的15.2倍,其过电位（η = 0.0703 V）也较Co₃O₄（η = 0.6109 V）和Cr₂O₃（η = 0.435 V）小,催化性能最好,在强碱性溶液（pH=13）中有良好的稳定性.     

Fe-V/TiO_2催化剂NH_3选择性催化还原柴油车尾气NO_x

采用浸渍法制备了一系列不同Fe/V比例的Fe-V/TiO2催化剂,考察了催化剂在模拟柴油车尾气中催化还原NOx的催化性能,采用TG、XRD、H2-TPR、NH3-TPD和Raman光谱对催化剂进行了表征。结果表明,当Fe引入后,能显著降低V2O5在高温下的挥发,减轻了钒系催化剂在移动源的生物毒性危害。其中,Fe/V比为1∶1(Fe1-V1/TiO2)的催化剂形成了FeVO4活性中心,表现出最好的催化活性,在220~420℃NOx转化率可达到90%以上。此外,Fe1-V1/TiO2催化剂高温热稳定性较好,并且具有较强的抗硫性能。     

A highly selective magnetic sensor with functionalized Fe/Fe3O4 nanoparticles for detection of Pb2+

A magnetic sensor for detection of Pb~(2+) has been developed based on Fe/Fe_3O_4 nanoparticles modified by3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)propionic acid(DHCA). The carboxyl groups of DHCA have a strong affinity to coordination behavior of Pb~(2+) thus inducing the transformation of Fe/Fe_3O_4 nanoparticles from a dispersed to an aggregated state with a corresponding decrease, then increase in transverse relaxation time(T_2) of the surrounding water protons. Upon addition of the different concentrations of Pb~(2+) to an aq. solution of DHCA functionalized Fe/Fe_3O_4 nanoparticles(DHCA-Fe/Fe_3O_4 NPs)([Fe] = 90 mmol/L), the change of T_2 values display a good linear relationship with the concentration of Pb~(2+) from 40 μmol/L to 100 μmol/L and from 130 μmol/L to 200 μmol/L, respectively. Owing to the especially strong interaction between DHCA and Pb~(2+), DHCA-Fe/Fe_3O_4 NPs exhibited a high selectivity over other metal ions.     

Fe/Al-SiO_2复合金属氧化物用于燃煤烟气中汞的脱除

采用不同方法制备了Fe/Al-SiO_2复合金属氧化物以模拟赤泥成分,模拟烟气条件下考察其脱汞性能。结果表明,采用溶胶-凝胶法得到的复合金属氧化物在300-450℃具有优异的脱汞性能,其中,在350℃、3 h内平均脱汞率可达到94.8%。Fe_2O_3为Hg~0的氧化提供了晶格氧和化学吸附氧;SiO_2形成的硅溶胶则有利于活性组分Fe_2O_3的分散,增强了Hg~0与活性位的接触。基本模拟烟气中存在微量HCl和NO时,Hg~0脱除率接近100%;当烟气中存在0.2 mL/min、0.4 mL/min的SO_2时,吸附剂的平均脱汞率分别降至90.7%、53.4%,这主要是由于SO_2与Fe_2O_3反应生成Fe_2(SO_4)_3,导致了Fe_2O_3的失活并抑制汞的脱除。     

Effective Removal of Tetracycline by Using Biochar Supported Fe3O4 as a UV-Fenton Catalyst

Novel Fe3O4-decorate hierarchical porous carbon skeleton derived from maize straw(Fe3O4@MSC)was synthesized by a facile co-precipitation process and a calcination process,which was developed as a UV assisted heterogeneous Fenton-like catalyst.The as-synthesized catalysts were characterized via X-ray powder diffraction(XRD), scanning electron microscope(SEM),transmission electron microscope(TEM),Brunauer-Emmet-Teller(BET)and vibrating sample magnetometer(VSM)at room temperature.The morphology and structure analysis revealed that the as-prepared Fe3O4@MSC retained the original pore morphology of the maize straw material.The non-uniform poly- hedral Fe3O4 grew on the whole surface of the MSC,which reduced the aggragation of Fe3O4 and provided more active sites to strengthen the UV-assisted Fenton-like reaction.As a result,the tetracycline(TC)degradation efficiency after 40 min reaction and total organic carbon(TOC)removal efficiency after 2 h reaction of Fe3O4@MSC catalyzing UV-Fenton system reached 99.2%and 72.1%,respectively,which were more substantial than those of Fe3O4@MSC/H2O2(31.5%and 2%),UV/H2O2 system(68%and 23.4%)and UV/Fe3O4/H2O2(80% and 37.5%).The electron spin resonance(ESR)results showed that the ·OH played an important role in the catalytic reaction.A possible degradation pathway of TC was proposed on the basis of the identified intermediates.Overall,the UV assisted heterogeneous Fenton-like process in Fe3O4@MSC improved the cycle of Fe^3+/Fe^2+ and activated the interfacial catalytic site,which eventually realized the enhancement of degradation and mineralization to tetracycline.     

Catalytic decomposition of H2O2 on Co3O4 doped with MgO and V2O5

The effects of doping of Co₃O₄with MgO (0.4–6 mol%) and V₂O₅ (0.20–0.75 mol%) on its surface and catalytic properties were investigated using nitrogen adsorption at −196°C and decomposition of H₂O₂ at 30–50°C. Pure and doped samples were prepared by thermal decomposition in air at 500–900°C, of pure basic cobalt carbonate and basic carbonate treated with different proportions of magnesium nitrate and ammonium vanadate. The results revealed that, V₂O₅ doping followed by precalcination at 500–900°C did not much modify the specific surface area of the treated Co₃O₄ solid. Treatment of Co₃O₄ with MgO at 500–900°C resulted in a significant increase in the specific surface area of cobaltic oxide. The catalytic activity in H₂O₂ decomposition, of Co₃O₄ was found to suffer a considerable increase by treatment with MgO. The maximum increase in the catalytic reaction rate constant (k) measured at 40°C on Co₃O₄ due to doping with 3 mol% MgO attained 218, 590 and 275% for the catalysts precalcined at 500, 700 and 900°C, respectively. V₂O₅-doping of Co₃O₄ brought about a significant progressive decrease in its catalytic activity. The maximum decrease in the reaction rate constant measured at 40°C over the 0.75 mol% V₂O₅-doped Co₃O₄ solid attained 68 and 93% for the catalyst samples precalcined at 500 and 900°C, respectively. The doping process did not modify the activation energy of the catalyzed reaction but much modified the concentration of catalytically active constituents without changing their energetic nature. MgO-doping increased the concentration of CO³⁺–CO²⁺ ion pairs and created Mg²⁺–CO³⁺ ion pairs increasing thus the number of active constituents involved in the catalytic decomposition of H₂O₂. V₂O₅-doping exerted an opposite effect via decreasing the number of CO³⁺–CO²⁺ ion pairs besides the possible formation of cobalt vanadate.     

N-Doped Carbon Nanofibers Encapsulating CoO@Co9S8 Nanoparticles: Preparation from S-Rich Co32 Coordination Cluster Precursors by Electrospinning and Application for Superior Li-ion Storage

Thiacalixarene-supported Co₃₂nanoclusters encapsulated in polyacrylonitrile nanofibers(Co₃₂@PAN-NFs) by electrospinning have been utilized as precursors to fabricate N-doped CoO@Co₉S₈ carbon nanofibers(CoO@Co₉S₈@CNFs) for superior Li-ion storage. The S-rich Co₃₂ clusters capped by organic sheets afforded the well dispersed cobalt oxide/sulfide nanoparticles embedded in carbon nanofiber composites by direct calcination. The N-doped CoO@Co₉S₈@CNFs nanocomposites have been utilized as anode materials for lithium ion battery with the reversible capabilities being of 1051.8, 967.6, 894.7, 782.7, 669.5 and 525.4 mA·h/g at 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 1, 2 and 3 A/g, respectively. The CoO@Co₉S₈@CNFs also showed a relatively high stable capacity of 551.7 mA·h/g at the current density of 1 A/g after 200 cycles of rate experiments. The as-obtained N-doped CoO@Co₉S₈@CNFs nanocomposites exhibited superior reversible capacity, rate performance, Coulomb efficiency(74.5% vs. 63.9%) and cyclic stability comparing with the CoO@Co₉S₈@C derived from simple annealing of Co₃₂ templates.     

皱褶表面介孔镍钴硫化物微球的制备及其超电性能

通过一步水热法分别合成了α-NiS、Co₃S₄和CoNi₂S₄纳米介孔电极材料,并研究了其电化学性能。 X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)研究表明,介孔硫化物是由单相纳米颗粒堆叠组装而成,其中二元系的CoNi₂S₄由纳米片自组装形成了具有皱褶表面的微球形貌。 电化学性能研究表明,二元系的CoNi₂S₄比α-NiS、Co₃S₄具有更高的比电容、更佳的倍率特性和优异的循环稳定性。 在扫描速率为5 mV/s时,CoNi₂S₄材料在6 mol/L KOH电解液中比电容高达1678.3 F/g,优于α-NiS (787.4 F/g)和Co₃S₄(1532.7 F/g),在扫描速率从5 mV/s增加到100 mV/s时,其电容保持率为45.8%,比α-NiS(30.2%)和Co₃S₄(29.3%)高出约15%。 在15A/g的电流密度下,经过900次循环充-放电后,二元系的CoNi₂S₄的电容仍保持在96.3%,库伦效率保持在94.3%左右,说明镍钴双金属硫化物具有优异的循环稳定性能和充放电可逆性。     

(Fe1-xNix)ZrF6固溶体晶体结构与可调控的热膨胀性质

绝大部分物质具有热胀冷缩的基本性质,然而近年来的研究发现一些化合物具有反常的负热膨胀性质,其为有效调节物质热膨胀系数(CTE)提供了可行性,尤其调控各向同性化合物热膨胀性质是一个重要的研究方向。本文以双ReO₃结构的固溶体(Fe_1-xNi_x)ZrF₆为研究对象,对(Fe_1-xNi_x)ZrF₆固溶体的制备、晶体结构以及热膨胀调控开展了深入研究。(Fe_1-xNi_x)ZrF₆固溶体呈现全程固溶特性,通过Ni²⁺对Fe²⁺进行化学替代的方法实现了(Fe_1-xNi_x)ZrF₆热膨胀系数在大范围内的有效调控(−3.24×10⁻⁶– +18.23 × 10⁻⁶ K⁻¹,300–675 K),尤其,在(Fe_0.5Ni_0.5)ZrF₆化合物中得到了零膨胀性能。作为一种典型的框架结构化合物,晶胞中F原子横向热振动的差异是导致各自不同热膨胀差异的本质原因。该研究给我们提供了一个基于开放式框架结构化合物的热膨胀调控方法。