基于新型S-CO2动力循环的内燃机余热回收

为了有效回收内燃机的废热,基于超临界CO₂(S-CO₂)再压缩循环,提出了一种新型的S-CO₂动力循环,并建立了相应的热力学模型,以分析系统的热力学性能,研究透平入口温度和系统压力对循环性能的影响。结果表明,在设计工况下,系统的净输出功为33.06 kW,热效率和效率分别可以达到35.86%和67.90%,余热回收率为58.70%。随着高压透平入口温度的升高,循环效率增加而净功减少。随着低压透平入口温度升高,循环效率和净功均增加。此外,存在再压缩机出口压力使净功和循环效率达到最大。     

SOFC电化学性能的伸缩式投影Adams多尺度模拟

目前对SOFC的研究主要通过数值分析方法,由于传统宏观模型不能准确描述其内在机理,而细微尺度模拟则面临计算机内存开销巨大,CPU耗时过长的问题。因此本文提出一种用于模拟SOFC电化学性能的伸缩式投影Adams多尺度模拟方法,建立SOFC的系统模型,首次以多尺度的观点从介观尺度出发对SOFC电化学性能进行模拟。研究其各电化学性能参数之间的关系以及入口燃料/空气成分含量、SOFC工作温度、压力对电化学性能的影响,论证了该方法的有效性。     

天然气调压站差压液化系统研究

液化天然气(LNG)调峰方式因其调峰能力强,设备占地面积少等优点,是门站进行调压的有效补充。本文采用透平膨胀机替代传统的节流阀,设计了一套天然气差压液化系统,将管道的高压天然气进行降压后输送至城市管网,同时利用天然气膨胀后的冷能获得LNG。文章对比了压缩机不同布置方式对液化率的影响,在设计系统中采用气源入口布置压缩机以提高天然气液化率,文中研究了气源压力、温度及流量对透平膨胀流程天然气液化率的影响,发现液化率会随着气源压力和流量的增大而增大,但会随着温度的升高液化率降低。     

SOFC/GT/ST三重复合动力系统特性研究

本文研究SOFC/GT/ST三重复合动力系统.首先基于Aspen Plus建立了SOFC/GT/ST的性能分析模型,分析了各主要参数对SOFC/GT/ST复合动力系统性能的影响规律.研究结果表明:复合动力系统尽量在高的压力,温度在900℃左右的条件下,有较高系统效率;较高的燃料利用率(Ut)有利于提高系统效率.本文研究...     

直接式S-CO_2塔式太阳能热发电系统光-热-功一体化热力学分析

本文将简单回热,预压缩,再压缩,部分冷却和中间冷却超临界二氧化碳(S-CO_2)布雷顿循环分别与塔式太阳能热发电(SPT)系统结合,建立了直接式S-CO_2塔式太阳能热发电系统的光-热-功一体化模型,对5种S-CO_2循环下整个SPT系统在不同透平入口温度下的热力学性能进行了对比分析。结果表明:随着透平入口温度的增大,整个SPT系统的效率在650℃附近具有最大值,表明直接式S-CO_2塔式太阳能热发电系统的运行温度并非越高越好;在本文研究的透平入口温度范围内(500~800℃),中间冷却和部分冷却S-CO_2循环下的SPT系统具有最高的效率,但系统也最为复杂;再压缩S-CO_2循环下的SPT系统在高温范围(650~800℃)具有较高的效率,且系统比较简单,具有巨大的应用潜力。     

重型燃气轮机排气温度研究

本文针对某300 MW等级重型燃气轮机透平排气温度,构建了燃机性能计算模型,该模型除了包含常规燃机性能计算的功能外,加入了透平叶片材料、燃烧器OTDF&RTDF及叶片冷却流量对燃机性能的影响功能,应用该燃气轮机性能计算模型预测了L20A及M701F3的燃机性能,排气温度的预测精度在3?C以内。分析了压气机压比、压气机效率、燃烧器压损、燃烧器出口温度分布、透平级数、透平效率、透平叶片材料及冷气流量等参数对透平排气温度的影响规律,结果显示压气机压比、燃烧器出口温度分布、透平级数及效率、透平叶片材料及冷气流量对燃机透平排气温度影响较大,其中又以透平级数的设计选择对排气温度影响最大。在燃机设计时需要考虑到这些关键影响因素,使排气温度最终达到综合最优。     

基于超高温气冷堆的氢电联产系统设计分析

超高温气冷堆耦合碘硫循环制氢是一种极具发展前景的核能制氢技术。本文提出了一种基于超高温气冷堆的新型氢电联产系统,采用碘硫循环和氦气透平循环来制氢和发电,建立了能量分析的热力学模型,分析了氦气透平循环总压比和反应堆出口温度对系统性能的影响。然后本文以系统氢电效率最大为目标,在总压比、反应堆入口温度、系统净输出功等参数的约束条件下,对系统进行关键参数优化,并分析了反应堆出口温度对优化结果的影响。结果表明：950?C、1000?C、1050?C三种反应堆出口温度下,建议的氦气分流比控制范围分别为0.031～0.750、0.112～0.750、0.181～0.750,对应的产氢率变化范围分别为17.4～295.6 mol·s^-1、61.4～298.0 mol·s^-1和96.5～299.8 mol·s^-1。     

燃烧室温度剖面对静叶端壁冷却的影响

为了降低污染物排放,燃气轮机燃烧方式的改变所带来的透平进口温度剖面的改变,会对透平一级静叶冷却带来较大的影响。本文根据真实燃气轮机透平入口的温度条件,抽象出三种具有代表性的燃烧室出口温度剖面,分别研究其对端壁冷却的影响。结果表明,燃烧室出口温度剖面会对静叶端壁近压力面侧、吸力面的上下角区温度分布造成较大影响。     

S-CO2布雷顿循环转化效率分析

以超临界二氧化碳简单回热型布雷顿循环为研究对象,以核电站为应用背景,详细论述了系统循环模型与关键器部件的效率模型建立方法,并利用该模型初步分析了各类工程因素对布雷顿循环效率、系统体积的影响,分析结果表明,循环效率、系统体积对温度、压力、涡轮机械效率、回热器等参数的敏感性存在较大差异,其中增加透平入口温度对缩减系统总体积最为有效,需要建立完善的系统分析模型以进行S-CO₂系统的优化设计。     

变面积槽式太阳能卡琳娜循环热力性能研究

本文研究了变面积槽式太阳能卡琳娜循环的热力性能,用以解决低辐照无法利用以及变辐照条件下卡琳娜循环变工况运行的问题。新系统主要包括两部分:可变镜面积抛物槽式太阳能集热器和可变流程卡琳娜循环。随太阳辐照强度减小,集热温度不变,透平入口温度不变,通过改变扩展聚光镜有效集热面积,维持集热量不变,减少变工况运行;当扩展聚光镜已经全部展开至主聚光镜两侧,而太阳辐照强度继续减小,需降低集热温度和传热介质进出口温差,降低透平入口温度,调整卡琳娜循环流程和主要参数。结果表明,新系统能够增大可利用的太阳辐照强度范围,维持集热场有效热能不变,减少系统变工况运行。     

与SOFC整合的CO2准零排放IGCC新系统研究

本文研究与SOFC整合的CO2准零排放IGCC系统。基于总能系统思想和系统集成方法,本文提出了O2／CO2循环与SOFC-CC结合的双循环CO2准零排放系统,对SOFC-CC循环系统特性及主要参数进行了优化分析,对新系统性能进行了分析研究,还与其它准零排放IGCC系统进行了比较。研究结果表明:新系统在回收CO2后系统效率有大幅度提高,与基准系统相比系统效率高7个百分点。本文研究成果为CO2准零排放IGCC系统研究提供了新的思路和方案。     

Template identification technology of nuclear warheads and components

Template identification technology （TIT） is designed for the scenarios where a batch of disarmed nuclear weapons or components would be dismantled to observe a nuclear disarmament treaty. The core function played by the TIT is to make a judgment on whether the verified item belongs to a certain kind of nuclear weapons or component （NW/NC） or to which kind the verified item belongs. This paper analyses the functions played by the TIT in the process of NW/NC dismantlement, and proposes that two phases would be followed when applying the TIT： firstly to establish NW/NC templates with a sample of size n drawn from a certain kind of disarmament NW; secondly to authenticate NW/NC by means of the TIT. This paper also expatiates some terms related to the concept of the TIT and investigates on the development status of NW/NC TIT based on radiation signatures. The study concludes that the design of template structure is crucial to the establishment of an effective TIT and that starting from different research angles and aiming at the same goal of classification different template structures and corresponding template identification methods can be built up to meet specific identification requirements.     

Modeling and simulation of planar SOFC to study the electrochemical properties

In this paper, modeling and simulations are carried out using COMSOL Multiphysics. A three-dimensional model is developed for a planar intermediate temperature (IT) solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC). A parametric study has been carried out to analyze the performance of SOFC.Simulations reveal some promising features and enhanced performance of SOFC. It is shown that the maximum value of power (4–3.3) kW/m² still remains higher with significant rise of temperature (600 °C–1000 °C), nearly 0.15 kW/m² is the very small loss of power per 100 °C rise of temperature. Results have shown that the electrolytic current density is (6700–5500) A/m² for peak value of power (4–3.3) kW/m² with increase of temperature (600 °C–1000 °C). For model validation we have plotted a comparison of average current density.     

Performance of GPRML-AR system in perpendicular magnetic recording channel with thermal decay

The bit-error rate (BER) performance of the generalized partial response maximum likelihood with autoregressive (GPRML-AR) channel model system in perpendicular magnetic recording (PMR) channel with thermal decay is obtained. The 128/130(0,16/8) run-length-limited (RLL) code is used as a recording code. The GPR channel consists of the PR1 channel followed by the reduction circuit of predicted noise. The BER performance is evaluated by computer simulation using a thermal decay model. The model has been obtained by using an approximate equation that represents amplitude degradation of the reproducing waveform with elapsed time based on the experimental data for CoPtCr-SiO₂ PMR media. The Viterbi detector with an AR channel model is employed. Furthermore, long-term degradation of the required SNR to achieve a BER of 10⁻⁴ with elapsed time is obtained and the performance is compared with that of PR1ML system. The results show that the poorer the thermal stability of the medium becomes, the larger the SNR gain of the GPR1ML-AR system over the PR1ML system becomes. The SNR gain also increases with elapsed time.     

Effect of MgO formation in the vicinity of Ni-SDC/LSGM interface on SOFC performance

An interfacial reaction between Ni-SDC anodes and the LSGM electrolyte was investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to clarify its effect on the SOFC performance. Highly resistive fine particles were formed in the vicinity of the Ni-SDC/LSGM interface as a result of the reaction between Ni and LSGM. TEM/EDX analyses revealed that these particles were MgO, which has a much lower electronic conductivity than Ni. The particles were localized on the surface of the Ni grains in the Ni-SDC anodes. The effect of MgO particle formation on the SOFC performance depended on the anode thickness. The particles significantly increased the area-specific ohmic resistance of thin anodes (less than 15 μm), but they hardly increased the resistance of thick anodes at all.     

SOFC-GT混合系统的参数分布与动态特性数值模拟

数值模拟是固体氧化物燃料电池(SOFC)-燃气轮机(GT)混合发电技术发展的重要手段。基于自主开发的SOFC-GT混合发电系统多层次模型库,与西门子-西屋公司的示范系统额定工况试验数据对比,本模型的稳态精度优于高级能量系统分析工具(APSAT),并可用于温度、气体组分、电池极化等参数分布和动态特性分析,对于系统的稳态性能优化与负荷跟随策略具有重要意义。     

用于HD-DVD的PRML检测系统的设计与实现

对用于高密度DVD(HD-DVD)光盘存储系统的部分响应最大似然(PRML)检测器的设计和实现进行了详细研究.通过比较光盘信道的线性模型与记忆长度为4—7的部分响应(PR)多项式的幅频特性,从提高PR均衡器和维特比检测器性能的角度,对目标PR的记忆长度及系数的选择进行了详细分析.仿真计算的信噪比-误码率曲线说明,当目标PR的记忆长度为7且与光盘信道模型的幅频特性接近时,PRML检测器的性能最优.还详细描述了PRML系统中维特比检测器的硬件结构,分析证明当目标PR的记忆长度增加时,维特比检测器的逻辑单元规模 关键词： 高密度DVD 码间干扰 部分响应最大似然检测 维特比检测器     

Hybrid control of bifurcation and chaos in stroboscopic model of Internet congestion control system

Interaction between transmission control protocol (TCP) and random early detection (RED) gateway in the Internet congestion control system has been modelled as a discrete-time dynamic system which exhibits complex bifurcating and chaotic behaviours. In this paper, a hybrid control strategy using both state feedback and parameter perturbation is employed to control the bifurcation and stabilize the chaotic orbits embedded in this discrete-time dynamic system of TCP/RED. Theoretical analysis and numerical simulations show that the bifurcation is delayed and the chaotic orbits are stabilized to a fixed point, which reliably achieves a stable average queue size in an extended range of parameters and even completely eliminates the chaotic behaviour in a particular range of parameters. Therefore it is possible to decrease the sensitivity of RED to parameters. By using the hybrid strategy, we may improve the stability and performance of TCP/RED congestion control system significantly.     

Hybrid control of bifurcation and chaos in stroboscopic model of Internet congestion control system

Interaction between transmission control protocol （TCP） and random early detection （RED） gateway in the Internet congestion control system has been modelled as a discrete-time dynamic system which exhibits complex bifurcating and chaotic behaviours. In this paper, a hybrid control strategy using both state feedback and parameter perturbation is employed to control the bifurcation and stabilize the chaotic orbits embedded in this discrete-time dynamic system of TCP/RED. Theoretical analysis and numerical simulations show that the bifurcation is delayed and the chaotic orbits are stabilized to a fixed point, which reliably achieves a stable average queue size in an extended range of parameters and even completely eliminates the chaotic behaviour in a particular range of parameters. Therefore it is possible to decrease the sensitivity of RED to parameters. By using the hybrid strategy, we may improve the stability and performance of TCP/RED congestion control system significantly.     

Psychometric technoeconomic assessment and parametric studies of vapor-compression and solid/liquid desiccant hybrid solar space conditioning systems

This communication presents some studies on hybrid vapor-compression (V-C) and solid/liquid desiccant solar air-conditioning systems. Desiccants are used to bring the humidity within the comfort range by partially converting the latent heat load (LHL) into sensible heat load and then meeting this load with conventional V-C cycle. In both the options of hybrid systems consisting of vapor-compression and solid/liquid desiccant cycles, heat rejected from the condenser of the V-C cycle is used to regenerate the desiccants to improve the coefficient of performance (COP) of the systems. A thermodynamic assessment and technoeconomic feasibility study of hybrid V-C and solid/liquid desiccant solar air-conditioning systems have been presented. It is found that a hybrid system with desiccant cycle is more promising under high latent heat load and higher ambient humidity conditions and significant energy saving can be achieved over standard V-C cooling systems.