躺着思想,不如站起行动

在很久很久以前,有两个年轻人,一起去遥远的地方寻找幸福和快乐,一路上风餐露宿,历尽艰辛,在即将到达目的地时,遇到了一条风急浪高的大河.对于如何渡过这条河,两人有不同的意见:一个人建议砍伐附近的树造一条木船渡过河去,另一个人则认为这么高的浪,这么湍急的水流,这么宽的河面,无论造多大的船都不可能渡过这条河,与其自寻烦恼和死路,不如等这条河干了,再轻轻松松地走过去.     

中考数学探索题的归类及评析

近年来,数学探索题以多彩优美的格调,清新多姿的风彩,发散开放的题型,背景育人的功能,注重能力的考查,强化创新的意识,出现在全国各地的中考试卷上,并有逐年上升之势,促进了生动、活泼、主动的数学学习活动,真正起到了实施素质教育“指挥棒”的作用,本文旨对近年来中考数学探索题作些归类,并对具体实例进行评析.     

形如“|x|+|y|=1”的画法及其扩展

人教版教材第二册(上)第八章第二节讲的是椭圆的简单几何性质,在对称性中有这样的描述,在曲线的方程中,如果以-y代y方程不变,那么当P(x,y)在曲线上时,它关于x轴的对称点P′(x,-y)也在曲线上,所以曲线关于x轴对称,同理如果以-x代x方程不变,那么曲线关于y轴对称,如果同时以-x代x,以     

共同探究,享受数学

众所周知,数学很重要,这很大层面上是由高考指挥棒决定的,学生在沉重的数学作业负担下,大多是疲于应付,很少有人真正体验到数学内在的美,学会享受数学.笔者从事高中数学多年,做了一点有益的尝试,让学生从多种角度理解数学,师生平等,教师做好组织、引领工作,充分调动学生学习数学积极性,各抒己见,经常是一个平淡的问题,往往出现多种漂亮的解法,碰撞出思维的火花,师生乐在其中,一同享受数学带给我们的快乐.现举两个案例,供大家分享.     

抓住小条件 解决大问题

每一道习题都有着严密的逻辑性,已知条件不可能多余,也不可能短缺,在所有条件中,抓住其最有特征性的一个,联想展开,这是解题的一种途径．许多同学在解题时,往往不去认真推敲题目中给出的已知条件,对于一些细小的似乎是不起眼的说明,便不去深入探讨,弃之一旁,熟视无睹,这是一个极大的错误．很多时候,若能紧紧抓住这些小条件,便可从这里打开缺口,解决大问题．     

境由心生

在现实生活中,有人总是企盼没有的,却忘了现成的,追求遥远的,却无视身边的永无止境的物质追求,让人变得贪婪;盲目的攀比,让人抱怨生活的不公境由心生,心情不好,就会失去一次次微笑着感受人生的喜悦,就会失去不少在情绪乐观时可以获得成功的机会……其实,在这个纷繁复杂、充满诱惑的社会,不羡慕别人,不轻贱目己,过自己喜欢过的日子,就是最好的日子,活自己喜欢的活法,就是最好的活法,按自己的天性度过自己的时日,就是天堂般的日子!     

高盛,华尔街曾经的笑柄

第一次世界大战结束后,美国经济进入繁荣时期。伴随着经济的繁荣,美国的股市也不断攀升,一直持续着牛市行情。然而,好景不长,1929年,全球金融危机爆发,华尔街股市大崩盘,让高盛损失了92%的原始投资,公司的声誉一落千丈,濒临倒闭,沦为华尔街的笑柄、错误的代名词。     

例谈“以退求进”法解题策略

著名数学家华罗庚说过:善于退,足够的退,退到最原始而不失去重要的地方,是学好数学的一个诀窍.这里所谓的退,当然不是逃跑,而是养精蓄锐,蓄势待发,是在为进寻求途径,即以退为进.它的实质是借助转化的数学思想,把复杂的问题简单化,运动的问题静止化,高维问题低维化,变量问题常量化,抽象问题具体化,代数问     

例谈数学中的一般化与特殊化

一般化与特殊化是人类认识事物的两个重要侧面,也是解题的两种基本策略,它们相辅相成,是辩证的统一.在多数场合,特殊问题简单、直观,容易认识,容易把握.但是,也有一些场合,特殊问题的个别特性可能会掩盖事物的本质属性,给解题带来困难,而直接求解相应的一般性问题,反而来得简便、明快、奇巧.     

用好轴对称性,巧解折叠型中考题

近几年来,矩形纸片的折叠问题频繁出现在全国各地的中考数学试题中,此类问题贴近同学的认知规律,能较好考查基础知识和综合运用数学知识解决问题的能力,因此,很受命题者的青睐.但是,由于矩形折叠型试题涉及知识面广,结构独特,解法灵活多样,同时融合了丰富的数学思想和方法,所以大多数同学都感到有一     

无限域拉普拉斯方程问题的高阶边界条件及其应用

对无限域Laplace方程问题,推导出了高阶边界条件.在采用数值方法的有限域的外边界上应用高阶边界条件,可以在保证计算精度的前提下缩小数值求解域,从而减小计算工作量和少占用计算机内存.数值算例表明,一阶边界条件近似于精确边界条件,它明显地优于经典边界条件和二阶边界条件.     

Laplace方程边值问题的边界积分方程法

§ 1.　Introduction　　Inengineeringandtechnology ,theproblemofstaticelectricfieldscanbeattributedtotheboundaryproblemofLaplaceequationofstaticeletricpotentialfunction .Themethodsofclassi calmathematicalphysicscanbeonlyusedtosolveboundaryproblemofverysimpledomainandspecialboundarycondition .Althoughthemethodsoflimitedelementscanbeusedtosolvetheproblemsonarbitrarydomain ,butitneedstopartitionthewholedomainandtocalculateverycomplex .Theapproachofboundaryintegralequationistosolverelatedproblemsb…     

Exact boundary controllability for 1‐D quasilinear wave equations with dynamical boundary conditions

By equivalently replacing the dynamical boundary condition by a kind of nonlocal boundary conditions, and noting a hidden regularity of solution on the boundary with a dynamical boundary condition, a constructive method with modular structure is used to get the local exact boundary controllability for 1‐D quasilinear wave equations with dynamical boundary conditions. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Characterizations of boundary pluripolar hulls

We present some basic properties of the so-called boundary relative extremal function and discuss boundary pluripolar sets and boundary pluripolar hulls. We show that for B-regular domains the boundary pluripolar hull is always trivial on the boundary of the domain and present a “boundary version” of Zeriahi’s theorem on the completeness of pluripolar sets.     

Approximation of Boundary Conditions at Infinity for a Harmonic Equation

Starting from the canonical boundary reduction, this paper studies an approximate differential boundary condition and an approximate integral boundary condition on an artificial boundary for the exterior problem of a harmonic equation, and gives an error estimate for the latter. This estimate reveals the relationship between the error and the approximate grade boundary conditions as well as the radius of the artificial boundary.     

Absorbing boundary conditions for electromagnetic wave propagation

In this paper, the theoretical perfectly absorbing boundary condition on the boundary of a half-space domain is developed for the Maxwell system by considering the system as a whole instead of considering each component of the electromagnetic fields individually. This boundary condition allows any wave motion generated within the domain to pass through the boundary of the domain without generating any reflections back into the interior. By approximating this theoretical boundary condition a class of local absorbing boundary conditions for the Maxwell system can be constructed. Well-posedness in the sense of Kreiss of the Maxwell system with each of these local absorbing boundary conditions is established, and the reflection coefficients are computed as a plane wave strikes the artificial boundary. Numerical experiments are also provided to show the performance of these local absorbing boundary conditions

     

含开边界二维Stokes问题的Galerkin边界元解法

本文推导了含有开边界的二维有限域上Stokes问题的边界积分方程, 得出基于单层位势的第一类间接边界积分方程.对与之等价的边界变分方程用Galerkin边界元求解以得出单层位势的向量密度. 对于含有开边界端点的边界单元,采用特别的插值函数, 以模拟其固有的奇异性.论文用若干数值算例模拟了含有开边界的有限区域上不可压缩粘性流体的绕流.       

On the regularity of a free boundary near contact points with a fixed boundary

We investigate the regularity of a free boundary near contact points with a fixed boundary, with C1,1 boundary data, for an obstacle-like free boundary problem. We will show that under certain assumptions on the solution, and the boundary function, the free boundary is uniformly C¹ up to the fixed boundary. We will also construct some examples of irregular free boundaries.     

Adjoint and self-adjoint boundary value problems on a geometric graph

We consider boundary value problems of arbitrary order for linear differential equations on a geometric graph. Solutions of boundary value problems are coordinated at the interior vertices of the graph and satisfy given conditions at the boundary vertices. For considered boundary value problems, we construct adjoint boundary value problems and obtain a self-adjointness criterion. We describe the structure of the solution set of homogeneous self-adjoint boundary value problems with alternating coefficients of a differential equation and obtain nondegeneracy conditions for these boundary value problems.     

The nonlinear boundary layer to the Boltzmann equation with mixed boundary conditions for hard potentials

In this paper, the existence of boundary layer solutions to the Boltzmann equation for hard potential with mixed boundary condition, i.e., a linear combination of Dirichlet boundary condition and diffuse reflection boundary condition at the wall, is considered. The boundary condition is imposed on the incoming particles, and the solution is supposed to approach to a global Maxwellian in the far field. As for the problem with Dirichlet boundary condition (Chen et al., 2004 [5]), the existence of a solution highly depends on the Mach number of the far field Maxwellian. Furthermore, an implicit solvability condition on the boundary data which shows the codimension of the boundary data is related to the number of the positive characteristic speeds is also given.