蛋白质在固体表面吸附的研究进展

蛋白质在固体表面的吸附有多种理论模型和实验分析.蛋白质吸附主要包括分子传递、吸附、重排、交换、解吸等步骤.蛋白质在表面的状态由表面性能、静电作用及蛋白质自身性质等因素决定.蛋白质分子在界面吸附后发生构象改变,引起熵增.     

界面电场对血红蛋白在多孔金电极上的吸附和生物活性的影响(英文)

蛋白质的界面吸附及其生物活性因它在构建生物传感、生物电子器件和生物燃料电池等方面具有重要的作用而倍受关注.对此,界面电场是吸附的一个重要影响因素,它能明显地影响蛋白质分子在材料界面的吸附量、分子构象以及分子定向.本文应用电化学方法和红外光谱技术研究了血红蛋白在三维多孔金膜电极上的吸附动力学及其生物活性随界面电场的变化关系.结果表明,由界面电场产生的过量表面电荷可借助与蛋白质分子之间的静电作用加速蛋白质分子在电极表面的吸附,提高其吸附量;但是,过高的界面电场将破坏吸附蛋白质的构象以及降低它还原过氧化氢的催化活性;只有在零电荷电位下,吸附在电极表面的血红蛋白才能保持其天然的构象和生物催化活性.本研究将为生物传感器、生物电子器件和生物燃料电池的构建提供理论依据,加深对荷电生物界面上生物分子界面行为的认识.     

表面等离子体子共振技术实时研究蛋白质在修饰表面的静电吸附行为

研究蛋白质在固相表面的静电吸附特性,进而控制蛋白质在修饰表面的静电吸附尤为重要,表面等离子体子共振可以检测金属表面吸附物质厚度和折射率的变化^[1]。这种技术已在研究生物分子相互作用^[2]和考察自组装单层的形成^[3]及蛋白质在固体表面吸附行为^[9-11]等方面得到广泛的应用。对蛋白质在固体表面吸附行为的研究多为考察不同的蛋白质在不同的修饰表面的吸附行为。然而,对蛋白质在修饰表面静电吸附的本质影响因素的研究却少有报道^[4]。本文使用表面等离子体子共振技术实时研究了蛋白质在甲羧基化葡聚糖修饰表面的静电吸附与溶液pH值及离子强度的依赖关系。     

环状构象PEG改性表面及其优越的抗凝血性能

聚乙二醇(PEG)因其优异的抗蛋白质吸附能力成为抗凝血材料的首选.目前,多数研究都集中在PEG链长和接枝密度对蛋白质吸附的影响,鲜有关注PEG链构象影响的研究.本文利用硫金键在石英晶体微天平金片表面构建了两种不同分子量(MW=1000和MW=5000)的环状(SH-PEG-SH)和线型(m PEG-SH)构象的PEG改性表面,并研究了其抗纤维蛋白原吸附机理和抗凝血性能.X射线光电子能谱仪和原子力显微镜确定了不同表面的组成及其相结构.结果发现,环状构象的PEG表面相对于线型PEG构象能更加有效地抑制纤维蛋白原的吸附,同时具有更加优异的抗血小板和红细胞黏附性能.分析其蛋白质吸附机理发现,当PEG分子量较低时(MW=1000),其环状构象PEG表面抗纤维蛋白原吸附机理源于较高的表面覆盖率;当PEG分子量较高时(MW=5000),其抗纤维蛋白原吸附机理源于高黏弹性和高表面覆盖率共同作用的结果.本工作为构建抗凝血涂层提供了新的思路,并为制备高性能生物医用材料提供了理论基础.     

动力学、热力学和活化能在花生壳吸附铅离子实验中的应用

以花生壳为吸附剂、Pb2+为模拟污染物研究了物理化学中固体表面的吸附过程,考察了Pb2+的初始浓度、吸附温度的影响,研究了固体表面吸附反应动力学、热力学和活化能。结果表明:在不同Pb2+初始浓度下,Pb2+在花生壳表面的吸附动力学符合准二级动力学模型,表明该吸附过程是化学吸附为控制步骤的吸附过程。热力学结果表明Pb2+在花生壳表面的吸附是一个自发的放热过程,因为Pb2+由三维运动转变为二维运动导致系统熵减小。活化能Ea=31.35 kJ·mol-1再次证明Pb2+在花生壳表面的吸附是化学吸附过程,这些结果较好地验证了物理化学教学中固体表面的吸附行为。通过该拓展实验加深了学生对固体表面吸附过程的理解,同时,培养了学生的科技创新能力。     

载体材料与蛋白质的相互作用及对其构象的影响

蛋白质与载体材料间存在着疏水性、静电等相互作用力。这些作用力不仅决定了蛋白质分子在载体表面吸附的数量,也导致吸附蛋白质分子构象发生变化,引起蛋白质活性的改变。蛋白质的特性(分子量和浓度等)、载体材料的表面结构(表面化学组成和物理结构等)及溶液性质(pH和离子强度等)对蛋白质与载体材料间的相互作用产生影响。利用各种先进的分析技术对载体材料表面的蛋白质分子构象进行表征是这一研究领域的热点。本文对这一方面的最新研究进展进行综述。     

高分子在固液界面吸附构象的研究方法及手段

高分子在固液界面的构象表征对其功能实现及实际应用具有重要意义,是高分子研究领域的热点之一.由于高分子吸附构象的复杂性及其影响因素的多样性,选择合适的方法及手段成为表征的关键.本文简单介绍了影响高分子构象的一些因素,并从仪器分析的角度出发,根据研究目的综述了高分子与固体表面的键合方式、在固液界面的吸附方式、吸附行为及吸附层微观结构的研究方法和手段.     

电化学石英晶体阻抗和FTIR-ATR研究牛血清白蛋白在羟基磷灰石、TiO2表面的吸附

用电化学石英晶体阻抗法(EQCI)和衰减全反射红外光谱法(FTIR-ATR)研究了牛血清白蛋白(BSA)在纳米生物活性材料TiO_2和羟基磷灰石(HAP)上的吸附行为,获得了BSA吸附过程中电极表面的质量变化和电极/蛋白质界面双电层中电容变化以及BSA构象变化等信息。以2步骤连串反应机理分析BSA吸附动力学。结果表明,BSA在2种电极表面的吸附过程均分为吸附和重排2个过程,BSA在TiO_2上吸附速度慢于在HAP上的吸附,且难达到稳定状态。根据Sauerbrey方程结合Martin方程估算了BSA在TiO_2和HAP上饱和吸附时的表面质量覆盖度,分别为1．12×10~(-6)和1．09×10~(-6)g/cm~2。红外谱图结果还表明,生物材料的表面组成对蛋白质吸附动力学和蛋白质结构变化均有影响。BSA在HAP表面吸附时的响应更大,并对蛋白质二级结构的变化影响更大。     

荧光探针在蛋白质研究中的应用

荧光探针技术是研究蛋白质在水溶液中构象的一种有效方法。利用它可以测定蛋白质分子的疏水微区内两基团的距离以及酶与底物结合过程中蛋白质构象的变化等。本文综述了荧光探针技术在蛋白质研究中的一些进展。     

蛋白质的天然构象与高分子生物材料的生物相容性

在论述天然象是蛋白质生物功能之根本、肽链－侧基协同作用是蛋白质构建天然构象和完成生物功能的动力所在，以及高分子生物材料吸附对蛋白质天然构象影响等的基础上，进一步阐述生物材料生物相容性与蛋白质构象的关系。结论是，设计与建立能够维持蛋白质等天然构象的表面分子结构是提高高分子生物材料相容性的一个基本方向。     

Fibronectin adsorption on tantalum: the influence of nanoroughness

The complex mechanisms of protein adsorption at the solid-liquid interface is of great importance in many research areas, including protein purification, biocompatibility of medical implants, biosensing, and biofouling. The protein adsorption process depends crucially on both the nanoscale chemistry and topography of the interface. Here, we investigate the adsorption of the cell-binding protein fibronectin on flat and nanometer scale rough tantalum oxide surfaces using ellipsometry and quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM-D). On the flat tantalum oxide surfaces, the interfacial protein spreading causes an increase in the rigidity and a decrease in the thickness of the adsorbed fibronectin layer with decreasing bulk protein concentration. For the tantalum oxide surfaces with well-controlled, stochastic nanometer scale roughness, similar concentration effects are observed for the rigidity of the fibronectin layer and saturated fibronectin uptake. However, we find that the nanorough tantalum oxide surfaces promote additional protein conformational changes, an effect especially apparent from the QCM-D signals, interpreted as an additional stiffening of the formed fibronectin layers.     

Ultrafine agarose-coated superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (AC-SPIONs): a promising sorbent for drug delivery applications

A method for one-step synthesis of ultrafine agarose-coated superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (AC-SPIONs) was developed. The method is facile and fast and requires no organic solvent or surfactant. The average particle size of the prepared AC-SPIONs was only 20–40 nm with a narrow size distribution and with large saturation magnetization at room temperature. The obtained ultrafine nanogel particles were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy and vibrating sample magnetometer techniques. The AC-SPIONs were epoxy-activated by epichlorohydrin and aminated by ammonium hydroxide. The amination of the particles was investigated by the Kaiser test. The adsorption of two model compounds (gallic acid and ellagic acid) on the functionalized nanoparticles and their releases from them were investigated spectrophotometrically in three different pH values under biological conditions. The functionalized AC-SPIONs displayed good adsorption and in vitro drug release in a phosphate-buffered saline (pH 7.4). The ultrafine AC-SPIONs can be potentially used in magnetic solid-phase extraction, drug delivery, protein purification and enzyme immobilization methods.     

Protein-coated beta-ferric hydrous oxide particles. An electrokinetic and electrooptic study

Using microelectrophoresis and electric light scattering techniques, we investigated the adsorption characteristics, surface coverage and surface electric parameters of superstructures from two isoforms of plastocyanin, PCa and PCb, in an oxidized state adsorbed on beta-ferric hydrous oxide particles. The surface electric charge and electric dipole moments of the composite particles and the thickness of the protein adsorption layer are determined in a wide pH range, at different ionic strengths and concentration ratios of PC to beta-FeOOH. The adsorption of the two proteins was found to shift the particles' isoelectric point and to alter the total electric charge and the electric dipole moments of the oxide particles to different extent. A "reversal" in the direction of the permanent dipole moment is observed at lower pH for PCb- than for PCa-coated oxide particles. Strict correlation is found between the changes in the electrokinetic charge of the composite particles and the variation in their "permanent" dipole moments. Data suggest that the adsorption of the proteins is driven by electrostatic and/or hydrophobic interactions with the oxide surfaces dependent on pH. The adsorption behaviour is consistent with the involvement of the "eastern" and "northern" patches of the plastocyanin molecules in their adsorption on the oxide surfaces that are differently charged depending on pH.     

Protein-coated β-ferric hydrous oxide particles: An electrokinetic and electrooptic study

Using microelectrophoresis and electric light scattering techniques, we investigated the adsorption characteristics, surface coverage and surface electric parameters of superstructures from two isoforms of plastocyanin, PCa and PCb, in an oxidized state adsorbed on β-ferric hydrous oxide particles. The surface electric charge and electric dipole moments of the composite particles and the thickness of the protein adsorption layer are determined in a wide pH range, at different ionic strengths and concentration ratios of PC to β-FeOOH. The adsorption of the two proteins was found to shift the particles’ isoelectric point and to alter the total electric charge and the electric dipole moments of the oxide particles to different extent. A “reversal” in the direction of the permanent dipole moment is observed at lower pH for PCb- than for PCa-coated oxide particles. Strict correlation is found between the changes in the electrokinetic charge of the composite particles and the variation in their “permanent” dipole moments. Data suggest that the adsorption of the proteins is driven by electrostatic and/or hydrophobic interactions with the oxide surfaces dependent on pH. The adsorption behaviour is consistent with the involvement of the “eastern” and “northern” patches of the plastocyanin molecules in their adsorption on the oxide surfaces that are differently charged depending on pH.     

Co-Ce-O超细微粒催化剂的结构与催化性能

应用ＴＥＭ、ＸＲＤ、ＸＰＳ、ＢＥＴ表面积测试和微型催化反应装置研究了Ｃｏ－Ｃｅ－Ｏ复合氧化物超细微粒催化剂结构及其４－甲基苯酚（ＰＭＰ）选择氧化制４－羟基苯甲醛（ＰＨＢ）的催化性能,结果表明Ｃｏ－Ｃｅ－Ｏ复合氧化物超细微粒催化剂的选择氧化催化活性与催化剂粒子大小、组成和结构密切相关,在Ｃｏ／（Ｃｏ＋Ｃｅ）原子比为０．３３时选择氧化催化活性达极大值,Ｃｏ－Ｃｅ－Ｏ复合氧化物超细微粒催化剂优良的选择氧化催化活性不仅仅是因为其粒子较小、比表面积较大,而且还因为高分散粒催化剂优良的选择氧化催化活性不仅仅是因为其粒子较小、比表面积较大、而且还因为高分散的Ｃｏ、Ｃｅ组份发生了相互作用,催化剂具有较主贩表面吸附态氧物浓度,经高温（〉５００℃）处理,Ｃｏ－Ｃｅ－Ｏ复合氧化物超细微粒发生烧结、比表面积减小且Ｃｏ－Ｃｅ相互作用遭到     

Investigation of the mechanism of protein adsorption on ordered mesoporous silica using flow microcalorimetry

The adsorption of bovine serum albumin (BSA) and lysozyme (LYS) on siliceous SBA-15 with 24 nm pores was studied using flow microcalorimetry; this is the first attempt to understand the thermodynamics of protein adsorption on SBA-15 using flow microcalorimetry. The adsorption mechanism is a strong function of protein structure. Exothermic events were observed when protein–surface interactions were attractive. Entropy-driven endothermic events were also observed in some cases, resulting from lateral protein–protein interactions and conformational changes in the adsorbed protein. The magnitudes of the enthalpies of adsorption for primary protein–surface interactions decrease with increased surface coverage, indicating the possibility of increased repulsion between adsorbed protein molecules. Secondary exothermic events were observed for BSA adsorption, presumably due to secondary adsorption made possible by conformational changes in the soft BSA protein. These secondary adsorption events were not observed for lysozyme, which is structurally robust. The results of this study emphasize the influence of solution conditions and protein structure on conformational changes of the adsorbed protein and the value of calorimetry in understanding protein–surface interactions.     

pH dependence of the kinetics of interfacial tension changes during protein adsorption from sessile droplets on FEP-Teflon

Interfacial tension changes during protein adsorption at both the solid-liquid and the liquid-vapor interface were measured simultaneously by ADSA-P from sessile droplets of protein solutions on fluoroethylenepropylene-Teflon. Four globular proteins of similar size, viz. lysozyme, ribonuclease, -lactalbumin and Ca²⁺-free -lactalbumin, and one larger protein, serum albumin, were adsorbed from phosphate solutions at varying pH values (pH 3-12). The kinetics of the interfacial tension changes were described using a model accounting for diffusion-controlled adsorption of protein molecules and conformational changes of already adsorbed molecules. The contribution of conformational changes to the equilibrium interfacial pressure was shown to be relatively small and constant with respect to pH when compared to the contribution of adsorption of the protein molecules. The model also yields the diffusion relaxation time and the rate constant for the conformational changes at the interface. Around the isoelectric point of a protein the calculated diffusion relaxation time was minimal, which is ascribed to the absence of an energy barrier to adsorption. Energy barriers to adsorption become larger at pH values away from the isoelectric point and can therefore become rate-limiting for the adsorption process. The rate constants for conformational changes at the liquid-vapor interface were maximal around the isoelectric point of a protein, suggesting a smaller structural stability of the adsorbed protein. At the solid-liquid interface the rate constants were smaller and independent of pH. indicating that conformational changes more readily occur at the liquid-vapor than at the solid-liquid interface.     

乙烷部分氧化超细Fe－Mo－O催化剂的研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了Fe－Mo－O催化剂，用XRD、TEM、BET、IR、TPR、TPD和微反等技术研究了催化剂晶体结构、表面构造、晶格氧活泼性、化学吸附和乙烷部分氧化反应性能。Fe－Mo－O复合氧化物催化剂是由超细微粒组成，微粒粒径约10 nm～20 nm，比表面积为48.1 m2/g。催化剂表面由Lewis碱位（Mo=O键的端氧和Fe－O－Mo键中的桥氧）及Lewis酸位构成。乙烷能以甲基中的H原子吸附在催化剂表面Lewis碱位Mo=O的端氧上形成分子吸附态，其部分氧化产物主要是C2H4和少量的CH3CHO。     

Research of protein adsorption on the different surface topography of the zinc oxide

The effect of the surface topography on the protein adsorption process is of great significance for designing biomaterial surfaces and the biocompatibility for specific biomedical applications. In this work, we have systematically investigated the mono‐protein adsorption kinetics of bovine serum albumin (BSA) and fibrinogen (Fg) adsorbed on the four different surface topographies (nanoparticles (NPs), nanorods (NRs), nanosheets (NSs) and nanobeams (NBs) of Zinc oxide (ZnO), respectively. The competition of multi‐protein adsorbed on them has been studied as well. Results showed that each protein had a singular process of adsorption that fitted well by Spreading Particle Model (SPM). It confirmed that ZnO NRs compared with other samples had more adsorption sites, which could provide more opportunities for the interaction between material and protein molecules. In addition, the Fg compared to the BSA could be more tightly adsorbed to the surface, both of which existed slight conformational changes by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and circular dichroism spectra (CD). Taken together, all these consequences well demonstrated that NRs may have wider applications in designing biomaterial surfaces and the biocompatibility for implanted biomaterials. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Surface grafting of polymers onto inorganic ultrafine particles: Reaction of functional polymers with acid anhydride groups introduced onto inorganic ultrafine particles

The surface grafting onto inorganic ultrafine particles, such as silica, titanium oxide, and ferrite, by the reaction of acid anhydride groups on the surfaces with functional polymers having hydroxyl and amino groups was examined. The introduction of acid anhydride groups onto inorganic ultrafine particle was achieved by the reaction of hydroxyl groups on these surfaces with 4-trimethoxysilyltetrahydrophthalic anhydride in toluene. The amount of acid anhydride groups introduced onto the surface of ultrafine silica, titanium oxide, and ferrite was determined to be 0.96, 0.47, and 0.31 mmol/g, respectively, by elemental analysis. Functional polymers having terminal hydroxyl or amino groups, such as diol-type poly(propylene glycol) (PPG), and diamine-type polydimethylsiloxane (SDA), reacted with acid anhydride groups on these ultrafine particles to give polymer-grafted ultrafine particles: PPG and SDA were considered to be grafted onto these surfaces with ester and amide bond, respectively. The percentage of grafting increased with increasing acid anhydride group content of the surface: the percentage of grafting of SDA (M_n = 3.9 × 10³) onto silica, titanium oxide, and ferrite reaching 64.7, 33.7, and 24.1%, respectively. These polymer-grafted ultrafine particles gave a stable colloidal dispersion in organic solvents.