基于Mie散射理论的铌酸锂晶粒散射特性

基于Mie散射理论,对铌酸锂晶粒光散射特性进行了理论分析与数值计算,得到了散射强度分布、偏振度与散射角、散射强度与粒子尺寸参数,以及光学截面与粒子半径的关系。研究表明:前向散射占优势,并随粒子半径的增大而增强;当粒子半径为0.1 μm 左右,散射截面和吸收截面达到最大值。     

碳纳米粒子悬浮液光限幅性能数值模拟

碳纳米粒子悬浮液具有良好的光限幅性质,是一种优良的宽波段光限幅材料。通过热传导方程和米氏散射理论建立了微气泡半径与入射光能量、碳纳米粒子悬浮液散射系数和透过率的理论模型。采用Matlab数值模拟了散射系数随微气泡尺寸因子的变化关系,碳纳米粒子悬浮液光限幅性能随入射光能量的变化规律。研究了气泡尺寸因子、入射激光能量以及波长对碳纳米粒子悬浮液光限幅特性的影响。研究发现当激光能量达到一定值时,微气泡的半径保持恒定,不再随入射激光能量的增加而增加。微气泡尺寸的增大对碳纳米粒子悬浮液的透过率有着显著的影响。同时,碳纳米粒子悬浮液对不同入射光波长和光能表现出不同的光限幅性能。研究结果为实验研究提供了理论指导。     

TiO2 颗粒紫外区Mie散射特性

应用Mie散射理论对紫外光下TiO₂微粒光散射特性进行了理论分析与数值计算,得到了散射强度分布、偏振度与散射角、散射强度与参数X以及光学截面与粒子半径的关系。结果表明,前向散射强度随着粒子半径的增大而增强;当粒子半径为50 nm左右,散射截面和吸收截面达到最大值。     

银镜反应制备纳米蛾眼减反结构法

为了降低光学表面的菲涅耳反射,提出了一种制备仿生减反结构的方法.利用银镜反应并结合退火处理在硬性材质基底表面制备银纳米粒子,经反应离子刻蚀工艺,在基底表面形成一层纳米蛾眼减反结构.分析了周期分布和随机分布纳米蛾眼的光学特性,实验研究了退火参量和刻蚀参量对银纳米颗粒直径、密度以及高度的影响,并在硅和石英基底上分别制备了随机减反结构.测试结果表明:硅基平均反射率小于4.5%,双面石英基透过率达98.1%.理论和实验均表明:随机分布的纳米仿生蛾眼结构具有宽光谱、广视角和高减反特性,所提出的制备方法具有简便易行、低成本、大幅面等优点,在光电器件中具有良好的潜在应用前景.     

复介电常数的K-K修正对金属纳米球阵列结构光学特性的影响

对金属的复介电常数虚部进行了Kawabata-Kubo(K-K)修正,定量描述了表面等离激元产生的光学散射和吸收特性;利用米氏理论和电偶极子理论计算并分析了光入射到单个椭球状金属纳米微粒产生的消光特性;建立了椭球状纳米微粒周期阵列分布的光学偏振结构模型,利用COMSOL软件模拟计算了可见光到近红外波段的偏振光输出特性。以椭球的有效半径替代球半径,将K-K修正应用于金属椭球阵列结构的有限元模拟。修正后的金属纳米椭球阵列的透过率减小,消光光谱带宽增大,这与实验中单个金属颗粒的宽带强吸收特性趋势一致。     

光学共振增强的表面铯激活银纳米结构光阴极

金属光阴极因其超短脉冲发射和运行寿命长的特性从而具有重要应用价值,但是较高的功函数和较强的电子散射使其需要采用高能量紫外光子激发且光电发射量子效率极低.本文利用Mie散射共振效应增强银纳米颗粒中的局域光学态密度,提升光吸收率和电子的输运效率,并利用激活层降低银的功函数,从而增强光阴极在可见光区的量子效率.采用时域有限差分方法分析银纳米球阵列的光学共振特性,采用磁控溅射和退火工艺在银/氧化锡铟复合衬底上制备银纳米球,紧接着在其表面沉积制备铯激活层,最后在高真空腔体中测试光电发射量子效率.实验结果表明平均粒径150 nm的银纳米球光阴极在425 nm波长的量子效率超过0.35%,为相同激活条件下银薄膜光阴极的12倍,峰值波长与理论计算的Mie共振波长相符合.     

用Mie氏散射理论测量聚苯乙烯微球的折射率

采用全Mie氏散射理论，计算单色平行光被该球粒散射后的光强图案分布.在实验上，把聚苯乙烯小球分散在纯净水中，使其浓度满足光的透过率为70%左右的条件，然后测量单色平行光通过该样品比色皿后的远场衍射图样的第一暗环角半径的数值大小.将该测得的角半径大小同上述采用全Mie氏散射理论计算的不同折射率下的散射光强角分布曲线图相比较，选出与测得的第一暗环角半径大小符合最好者，从而得到国家标准物质聚苯乙烯小球相对于分散剂纯净水的折射率大小，最后得到聚苯乙烯小球的折射率为1.6.本研究为该标准样品提供了一个重要光学参数.     

用Mie散射理论计算大气气溶胶光学特性

本文在已知厦门海域气溶胶粒子谱分布的基础上,用MIE散射理论计算了该地区气溶胶粒子的光学特性,得到了气溶胶粒子的散射截面、吸收截面、消光截面与波长的关系,散射相函数以及偏振相函数,并用实验对两个相函数加以了验证。此结论为研究大气矢量辐射传输提供了很好的方法;尤其偏振相函数的提出为今后用偏振的方法研究大气提供了理论依据。     

煤粉颗粒的后向散射特性研究

利用Mie理论研究了单分散煤粉颗粒对光波的散射特性,给出了单次散射相函数、消光效率因子、散射效率因子、不对称因子和单次散射反照率随粒子尺寸的变化关系;当煤粉浓度较大时,需要考虑颗粒系的多次散射特性,根据辐射传输理论,利用蒙特卡洛方法研究了煤粉颗粒的多次散射特性,并给出了其后向散射随观测角度、粒子半径和光学厚度的变化关系,计算结果对煤粉颗粒反演具有一定指导意义。     

静电场中无限长均匀双层圆柱体的拉普拉斯方程解及其在纳米光学中的应用

应用拉普拉斯方程求解静电场中无限长均匀双层圆柱体的电势及电场,并基于散射理论获得该结构颗粒的光学散射、吸收及消光系数.进一步计算了金纳米管的远场光谱和近场分布,其结果与经典的Mie散射理论计算结果完全一致.因此,该理论结果可以很好的被应用于纳米光学研究.     

Enhanced broadband light absorption in silicon film by large-size lumpy silver particles

Broadband light absorption enhancement in crystalline silicon thin-film solar cells by rear-located 400 nm lumpy silver particles has been studied, based on the theoretical simulations of 3D finite-difference time-domain method. By simulations, we have investigated the light scattering properties of 400 nm lumpy Ag particles and put it to silicon thin-film solar cells. In addition, the varying rear-located Ag particles coverage and two surface situations of silicon films, which could influence on the light absorption of solar devices, have also been comprehensively considered. The results have shown that rear-located 400 nm lumpy Ag particles would enhance the absorption in silicon films in a broadband range. And it has been proved that 20 % coverage density of rear-located Ag particles is optimal for improving the light absorption of smooth silicon thin-film solar devices. When we create rough surface on one or both sides of silicon films, the absorbed light would further increase, and the theoretical maximum enhancement is 15.1 % compared with the smooth silicon thin-film solar cell without Ag particles.     

Enhanced optical absorption by Ag nanoparticles in a thin film Si solar cell

Thin film solar cells have the potential to significantly reduce the cost of photovoltaics. Light trapping is crucial to such a thin film silicon solar cell because of a low absorption coefficient due to its indirect band gap. In this paper, we investigate the suitability of surface plasmon resonance Ag nanoparticles for enhancing optical absorption in the thin film solar cell. For evaluating the transmittance capability of Ag nanoparticles and the conventional antireflection film, an enhanced transmittance factor is introduced. We find that under the solar spectrum AM1.5, the transmittance of Ag nanoparticles with radius over 160 nm is equivalent to that of conventional textured antireflection film, and its effect is better than that of the planar antireflection film. The influence of the surrounding medium is also discussed.     

Investigation of halloysite nanotubes with deposited silver nanoparticles by methods of optical spectroscopy

Halloysite nanotube composites covered by silver nanoparticles with the average diameters of 5 nm and 9 nm have been studied by methods of optical spectroscopy of reflectance/transmittance and Raman spectroscopy. It has been established that silver significantly increases the light absorption by nanocomposites in the range of 300 to 700 nm with a maximum near 400 nm, especially for the samples with the nanoparticle size of 9 nm, which is explained by plasmonic effects. The optical absorption increases also in the long-wavelength spectral range, which seems to be due to the localized electronic states in an alumosilicate halloysite matrix after deposition of nanoparticles. Raman spectra of nanocomposites reveal intense scattering peaks at the local phonons, whose intensities are maxima for the samples with the silver nanoparticle sizes of 9 nm, which can be caused by plasmonic enhancement of the light scattering efficiency. The results show the ability to use halloysite nanotube nanocomposites in photonics and biomedicine.     

纳米Ag材料表面等离子体激元引起的表面增强拉曼散射光谱研究

用热蒸发的方法制备了纳米Ag材料,并用扫描电子显微镜对纳米粒子进行了形貌的表征,通过紫外—可见分光光度计得到Ag纳米粒子的透过谱,得到了Ag纳米粒子的表面等离子体共振的峰值位置.以罗丹明6G为探针分子测定Ag纳米粒子衬底的表面增强拉曼散射效应,通过拉曼散射光谱与透过谱研究了由表面等离子体激元的强极化场引起的表面增强拉曼散射效应,结合透过谱与拉曼增益因子提出了一种描述表面等离子体光学和电学特性的方法,并结合扫描电镜的结果给出了不同结构的纳米Ag材料对表面等离子体激元强度的影响. 关键词： 热蒸发 纳米Ag材料 表面等离子体 表面增强拉曼散射     

Silver‐capped silicon nanopillar platforms for adsorption studies of folic acid using surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy and density functional theory

The study of the interactions of folic acid (FA) with surface enhanced Raman scattering substrates is relevant for understanding its adsorption mechanism and for fabricating analytical devices for detection of malignant cells over‐expressing folate receptors. This paper presents a study of the adsorption of FA on silver‐capped silicon nanopillar substrates employing surface enhanced Raman scattering spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations. The experimentally observed vibrations from free FA and FA bound to the Ag surface display different vibrational spectra indicating chemical interaction of the molecule with the metal surface. Density functional theory calculations show that the Ag–FA interaction is primarily through the nitrogen from the pteridine ring anchoring to the Ag metal surface. To investigate the Ag–FA binding behavior further, the adsorption isotherm of FA on the silver‐capped silicon nanopillar surface is estimated. The results show a positive cooperative Ag–FA binding mechanism. That is, adsorbed FA increases the affinity of new incoming FA molecules. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

纳米银六角阵列在掺氧氮化硅中的局域表面等离激元共振特性仿真

通过COMSOL Multiphysics 和 Lumerical FDTD solution对不同尺寸纳米银六角阵列在非晶态掺氧氮化硅(a-SiN_x:O)介质中的局域表面等离激元共振(LSPR)特性进行仿真, 计算结果表明半径为25 nm的纳米银六角阵列形成的局域表面等离激元(LSP)与厚度为70 nm的a-SiN_x:O的蓝光发射(460 nm)的共振效果最为显著, 随着纳米银颗粒尺寸的增大其消光共振峰红移. 在460 nm波长激发下半径为25 nm的纳米银阵列在a-SiN_x:O中的极化强度和表面极化电荷的分布模拟证明了该阵列在460 nm激发下形成的LSP为偶极子极化模式, 通过对该尺寸的纳米银阵列的LSP 在a-SiN_x:O中的最强垂直辐射空间计算, 获得了银颗粒上方a-SiN_x:O的最佳厚度为30 nm, 仿真结果对硅基蓝光发射器件(450–460 nm)的设计提供了重要的理论参考.     

New method to measure whole-wavelength transmittance of TCO substrates for thin-film silicon solar cells

High transmittance of transparent conductive oxide (TCO) substrates is one of the most important factors for achieving high efficiency in thin-film silicon solar cells. Immersion (IM) method with CH₂I₂ liquid is widely used for the evaluation of optical properties (transmittance, reflectance and absorption) for TCO substrates with textured surface in order to reduce the scattering at the TCO surface. However, in order to measure transmittance accurately, three problems have been found. (1) CH₂I₂ liquid itself absorbs the light in short wavelength region. (2) The transmittance around the absorption edge of CH₂I₂ liquids is very sensitive to its amount. (3) Scattering cannot be suppressed when the scattering surfaces are more than 2 surfaces (for example, TCO on reactive ion etching (RIE) processed glass). To overcome these problems, we proposed a new setup to measure optical properties of TCO substrates by holding the samples inside the integral sphere. As the results, we have confirmed that their absorption in all wavelength could be measured accurately and the transmittance measured by the new method was well consistent with the external quantum efficiency (EQE) of the fabricated cell while the transmittance measured with conventional IM method showed differently. Therefore, this new method could be a useful tool to evaluate TCO substrates for thin-film silicon solar cells.     

PrB6电子结构及光学性能的第一性原理研究

本文采用基于第一性原理的密度泛函理论(DFT)赝势平面波方法,系统研究了稀土PrB6的电子结构、自旋极化态密度和光学性质,并在此基础上预测了PrB6薄膜的太阳辐射屏蔽性能。研究发现：PrB6属于金属导体材料,其费米面附近的能带主要由B的2p和Pr的4f层的电子态构成;PrB6对近红外辐射具有较高的反射率和较强的吸收;PrB6薄膜的理论透过率曲线在可见光区呈“吊铃”型分布,其不仅具有较好的可见光透过率而且对紫外和近红外辐射具有较强的屏蔽性能。此研究结果将为PrB6光电材料的设计和应用提供理论依据。     

PrB6电子结构及光学性能的第一性原理研究

本文采用基于第一性原理的密度泛函理论(DFT)赝势平面波方法,系统研究了稀土PrB6的电子结构、自旋极化态密度和光学性质,并在此基础上预测了PrB6薄膜的太阳辐射屏蔽性能。研究发现：PrB6属于金属导体材料,其费米面附近的能带主要由B的2p和Pr的4f层的电子态构成;PrB6对近红外辐射具有较高的反射率和较强的吸收;PrB6薄膜的理论透过率曲线在可见光区呈“吊铃”型分布,其不仅具有较好的可见光透过率而且对紫外和近红外辐射具有较强的屏蔽性能。此研究结果将为PrB6光电材料的设计和应用提供理论依据。