马来酸酐改性聚乙烯的制备及其与尼龙的共混物

本文叙述了在聚乙烯-马来酸酐熔融接枝反应过程中,伴随着聚乙烯分子之间的交联反应,少量的己内酰胺添加剂可以有效地阻止交联反应的发生,改善体系的流变性能,而不明显地降低它的接枝率。这种马来酸酐化聚乙烯作为界面相容剂可使尼龙6-聚乙烯共混物的简支梁抗冲击强度比没有界面相容剂的共混物增加近4倍。     

国家自然科学基金资助课题

 本文叙述了在聚乙烯-马来酸酐熔融接枝反应过程中,伴随着聚乙烯分子之间的交联反应,少量的己内酰胺添加剂可以有效地阻止交联反应的发生,改善体系的流变性能,而不明显地降低它的接枝率。这种马来酸酐化聚乙烯作为界面相容剂可使尼龙6-聚乙烯共混物的简支梁抗冲击强度比没有界面相容剂的共混物增加近4倍。     

马来酸酐接枝热塑性弹性体在PP/PA6共混物中的作用

研究了马来酸酐接枝热塑性弹性体 (TPEg )作为增容剂对聚丙烯 (PP) 尼龙 6 (PA6 )共混体系的相容性、相态以及物理力学性能的影响 .研究结果表明TPEg的加入大大改善了PP PA6共混体系的相容性 ,且随TPEg含量的增大分散相粒径明显降低 ,共混物的韧性以及延展性大大提高 ,同时拉伸强度及模量仍保持较好的水平 .TPEg增容的PP PA6共混物的非等温结晶行为的研究表明 ,共混物中PP和PA6的结晶行为不同于各自纯的聚合物 ,PA6作为成核剂使PP的结晶温度提高 ;而PA6由于TPEg的加入 ,出现分级结晶现象 ,一级结晶温度略低于纯PA6的结晶温度 ,且随TPEg含量增大结晶受阻 ,二级结晶温度与PP的接近 .由于PP、PA 6以及TPEg之间存在较强的相互作用 ,三元共混物中PP及PA6的玻璃化转变温度分别较其纯聚合物升高 .基于上述结果 ,提出了本共混体系的结构模型     

壳核结构增韧剂对热塑性共聚酯/聚乙烯辛烯弹性体共混体系增容与增韧的影响

研究了马来酸酐接枝的聚乙烯辛烯弹性体 /半结晶性塑料共混物 (TPEg)对热塑性共聚聚酯(PETG) /聚乙烯辛烯弹性体 (TPE)共混体系增容增韧作用的影响 .马来酸酐接枝物显著地改善了PETG与TPE之间的相容性 ,导致TPE分散相颗粒细化 ,并促使分散相颗粒面间距等于甚至小于实现脆韧转变所需的临界面间距 .在固定PETG基体含量为 85wt %的前提下 ,当TPEg在 15 %分散相中的含量由 2 0 %增加到30 %时 ,即TPEg在共混体系中的含量由 3 %增加到 4 5 %时 ,共混体系出现了由脆性到韧性的转变 ,冲击强度急剧升高     

尼龙1212/尼龙6共混体系的非等温结晶行为

用DSC研究了尼龙 12 12 ,尼龙 6及其共混体系的非等温结晶行为 .结果表明 ,加工历史对尼龙的结晶和熔融行为影响很大 .经双螺杆挤出机挤出的尼龙 12 12和尼龙 6 ,由于应力诱导分子链取向 ,其结晶温度都有不同程度的提高 ,且表现出多重熔融现象 .在共混体系中 ,尼龙 12 12分子在共混物的界面上异相成核结晶 ,提高了其结晶温度 ,但酸酐化SEBS的加入抑制了分子链的运动又使其结晶温度降低 .共混体系降低了尼龙12 12的熔融温度 ,并使得其高熔点的熔融峰逐渐消失 ;而尼龙 6的熔融行为基本上没有变化 .     

壳-核结构增韧剂超高增韧非晶共聚酯的形貌和形态

研究了马来酸酐接枝的壳核结构增韧剂 (TPEg)对非晶热塑共聚酯 (PETG)的增韧和增强效果 ,并与马来酸酐接枝的纯橡胶类增韧剂 (POEg)作了对比 .TPEg对PETG具有显著的增韧效果 ,当TPEg含量由 5%增加到 1 0 %时 ,共混物就可以发生由脆性到超高韧性的快速转变 .而POEg虽然也可以使PETG发生由脆性到韧性的快速转变 ,但转变是在较高的增韧剂含量下发生的 ,这意味着共混物的抗张强度和模量损失更多 .利用扫描电镜观察、分析了随增韧剂含量的增加 ,共混物的形貌、形态的演化过程 .共混物的缺口冲击韧性与其形貌、形态之间存在很好的对应关系 .     

马来酸酐改性聚乙烯／尼龙1010共混体系的结晶行为

在尼龙-1010与马来酸酐改性聚乙烯共混体系中,马来酸酐起结晶成核剂的作用,可显著加快共混物中尼龙-1010组份的结晶。共混物的混容性也略有改善。     

苯乙烯-马来酸酐共聚物增容Nylon-6/ABS共混体系的形态和力学性能

通过熔融共混法制备了苯乙烯-马来酸酐共聚物(SMA)增容的尼龙6(Nylon-6)/ABS共混物.采用TEM、SEM、FTIR等研究了SMA增容的Nylon-6/ABS共混物的相形态与性能.发现在Nylon-6和ABS的简单共混体系中,分散相易聚集,相界面清晰,断裂面光滑,呈脆性断裂,相容性差.加入少量SMA后,共混物由共连续相结构转变为典型的"海-岛"结构,分散相分布均匀,界面粘接程度增加,表明SMA对Nylon-6/ABS体系有显著的增容效果.     

Versify-g-(MAH-co-St)对改善PA6/Versify共混物增韧和均衡其力学性能的影响

使用挤出机对乙丙共聚物Versify2300(乙烯含量12wt%)(V-2300)进行马来酸酐(MAH)和苯乙烯(St)多单体熔融接枝得到接枝物Versify-g-(MAH-co-St)(g-V-2300).通过SEM、FTIR和力学性能测试,研究了g-V-2300对PA6/(V-2300+g-V-2300)(70/30)共混物形态和性能的影响.研究结果表明,随着g-V-2300含量的提高,V-2300分散相粒径不断减小且分散均匀.当g-V-2300比例为25wt%时,分散相尺寸只有0.27μm,此时共混物的izod冲击强度达到324.54J/m,为PA6/(V-2300+g-V-2300)(70/(30+0))共混物的16倍.g-V-2300的加入,显著改善了PA6/(V-2300+g-V-2300)(70/30)共混物的冲击强度,其伸长率,拉伸强度和抗弯强度也得到提高,从而得到具有均衡力学性能的增韧尼龙6合金.     

POE-g-PMAH反应性增容PA1010/PP共混物的性能研究

乙烯-辛烯共聚物-g-聚马来酸酐(POE-g-PMAH)作为反应性增容剂,采用熔体共混的方法制备了PA1010/PP共混物,通过扫描电镜(SEM)、力学性能、傅立叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)和示差扫描量热(DSC)测试,研究了POE-g-PMAH对PA1010/PP共混物的增容作用.结果表明,POE-g-PMAH的加入可以减小共混物的相区尺寸,当PA1010/PP/POE-g-PMAH=70/30/15时,分散相尺寸小而均匀;FTIR结果表明接枝在POE上的马来酸酐基团和PA1010在熔融共混期间发生了化学反应;DSC研究结果表明共混体系中PA1010和PP的结晶温度和结晶度随POE-g-PMAH的加入而降低,表明POE-g-PMAH的增容作用对PA1010和PP的结晶有抑制作用.力学性能测试结果表明随着POE-g-PMAH的增加,共混物的冲击强度逐渐增加,当POE-g-PMAH含量增加到15%时,干态冲击强度达到21.13 kJ/m2,是不加增容剂的3.1倍,而拉伸和弯曲强度可以保持较高水平.POE-g-PMAH的增容机理在于其支链中的马来酸酐能与PA1010中的胺基(NH2—)发生化学反应,而主链POE与PP有较好的亲和性,从而降低界面张力,减少相区尺寸,大幅度提高力学性能.     

The role of interfacial modifier in toughening of nylon 6 with a core‐shell toughener

The effects of nylon 6 matrix viscosity and a multifunctional epoxy interfacial modifier on the notched impact strength of the blends of nylon 6 with a maleic anhydride modified polyethylene‐octene elastomer/semi‐crystalline polyolefin blend (TPEg) were studied by means of morphological observation, and mechanical and rheological tests. Because the viscosity of the TPEg is much higher than that of nylon 6, an increase in the viscosity of nylon 6 reduces the viscosity mismatch between the dispersed phase and the matrix, and increases notched impact strength of the blends. Moreover, addition of 0.3 to 0.9 phr of the interfacial modifier leads to a finer dispersion of the TPEg and greatly improves the notched impact strength of the nylon 6/TPEg blends. This is because the multi‐epoxy interfacial modifier can react with nylon 6 and the maleated TPEg. The reaction with nylon 6 increases the viscosity of the matrix while the coupling reaction at the interface between nylon 6 and the maleated TPEg leads to better compatibilization. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci B: Polym Phys 37: 2664–2672, 1999     

Compatibilized PP/EPDM/PA6 ternary blends: extended morphological studies

Polypropylene (PP)/polyamide6 (PA6)/ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) (70/15/15) ternary polymer blends compatibilized with maleic‐anhydride‐grafted EPDM (EPDM‐g‐MA) were prepared by melt blending using a twin‐screw extruder (TSE) in different processing conditions (barrel temperature profile, screw speed, and mixing sequence). The microstructures of prepared ternary blends were studied and compared to the predictions of spreading coefficient, minimum relative interfacial energy (RIE), and dynamic interfacial energy phenomenological models. The observed morphologies were somehow different from the model predictions. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

壳核结构增韧剂对热塑性共聚酯／聚乙烯辛烯弹性体共混体系增容与增 …

研究了马来酸酐接枝的聚乙烯辛烯弹性体／半结晶性塑料共混物（ＴＰＥｇ）对热塑性共聚聚酯（ＰＥＴＧ）／聚乙烯辛烯弹性体（ＴＰＥ）共混体系增容增韧作用的影响。马来酸酐接枝物显著地改善了ＰＥＴＧ与ＴＰＥ之间的相容性,导致ＴＰＥ分散相颗粒细化,并促使分散相颗粒面间距等于甚至小于实现脆韧转变所需的临界面间距。在固定ＰＥＴＧ基体含量为８５ｗｔ％的前提下,当ＴＰＥｇ在１５％分散相中的含量由２０％增加到３０％时,即     

Toughening of poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene oxide)/nylon 6 alloys with functionalized elastomers via reactive compatibilization: morphology, mechanical properties, and rheology

Blends of poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene oxide)/nylon 6 alloys based on ethylene-propylene-diene elastomer (EPDM) grafted with maleic anhydride (MA) (EPDM-g-MA), EPDM grafted with glycidyl methacrylate (EPDM-g-GMA), and styrene-ethylene-butadiene-styrene block copolymer grafted with MA (SEBS-g-MA) were prepared via melt extruction, and morphology, mechanical properties, and rheology were studied. The compatibilizing effects of functionalized elastomers on the PPO/nylon 6 alloys were proved by DSC analysis and confirmed by the significant improvement in the notched Izod impact strength. Toughening was resulted from the smaller particle size and finer dispersion of EPDM in the PPO/nylon 6 matrix as well as a novel network structure of SEBS-g-MA domain in matrix. The notched Izod impact strength of the blends exhibited an optimum value when the extent of MA or GMA graft ratio of EPDM varied, which was an order of magnitude higher than the non-toughened alloys. The morphology revealed that the size of EPDM particles decreased with an increase in graft ratio of MA or GMA onto EPDM. Rheology investigation indicated that the MA or GMA moieties on EPDM reacted with the amine groups of nylon 6, which increased the molecular weight and the degree of branching, and thus resulted in an increase in the viscosity of the blends. This proved the reactive compatibilization between functionalized EPDM and PPO/nylon 6 matrix.     

Reactive melt blends of thermoplastic polyolefins,MAH‐g‐PP and nylon 6

Reactive melt blends of an ethylene‐propylene‐diene terpolymer (EPDM) based thermoplastic elastomer (TPE), maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene (MAH‐g‐PP), and nylon 6 were prepared in a single screw extruder and evaluated in terms of morphological, rheological, thermal, dynamic mechanical, and mechanical properties of the blends. It was found that MAH‐g‐PP‐co‐nylon 6 copolymers were in situ formed and acted as effective compatibilizers for polypropylene (PP) and nylon 6. Phase separation of PP and EPDM in TPE increased with the addition and increasing amount of MAH‐g‐PP and nylon 6, leading to decreased glass transition temperature (T_g) of TPE and increased crystalline melting temperature (T_m) of PP. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Reactively and physically compatibilized immiscible polymer blends: stability of the copolymer at the interface

This paper reports on the interfacial behaviour of block and graft copolymers used as compatibilizers in immiscible polymer blends. A limited residence time of the copolymer at the interface has been shown in both reactive blending and blend compatibilization by preformed copolymers. Polystyrene (PS)/polyamide6 (PA6), polyphenylene oxide (PPO)/PA6 and polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA)/PA6 blends have been reactively compatibilized by a styrene-maleic anhydride copolymer SMA. The extent of miscibility of SMA with PS, PPO and PMMA is a key criterion for the stability of the graft copolymer at the interface. For the first 10 to 15 minutes of mixing, the in situ formed copolymer is able to decrease the particle size of the dispersed phase and to prevent it from coalescencing. However, upon increasing mixing time, the copolymer leaves the interface which results in phase coalescence. In PS/LDPE blends compatibilized by preformed PS/hydrogenated polybutadiene (hPB) block copolymers, a tapered diblock stabilizes efficiently a co-continuous two-phase morphology, in contrast to a triblock copolymer that was unable to prevent phase coarsening during annealing at 180°C for 150 minutes.     

Raman,X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry studies of the melt-induced changes in uncompatibilized and compatibilized blends of high-density polyethylene and nylon 12

The crystallinity of non-molten and pre-molten uncompatibilized and compatibilized polymer blends of high density polyethylene (HDPE)/Nylon 12 have been investigated by using FT-Raman spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and wide angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD). The FT-Raman, DSC, and WAXD measurements have revealed that the crystallinity of HDPE of both uncompatibilized and compatibilized blends increases upon melting except for the compatibilized blend with the Nylon 12 content of 80 wt%. The degree of the increase is significantly larger for the uncompatibilized blends than the compatibilized blends. The FT-Raman data suggests that the crystallinity of the compatibilized blend with the Nylon 12 content of 80 wt% decreases slightly after melting. It is very likely that the compatibilized polymer blends are well oriented during the melting and molding process by an extruder because of the existence of maleic anhydride (MAH)-grafted copolymer as a compatibilizer. In contrast, it seems that the uncompatibilized polymer blends are not so much oriented and have more amorphous phase in the Nylon 12 rich region before melting. Thus, the melting process induces a recrystallization process.     

Toughening of a copolyester with a maleated core‐shell toughener

A reactive extrusion process was developed to toughen an amorphous copolyester (PETG) of ethylene glycol, terephthalic acid and 1,4‐cyclohexanedimethanol using either a maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene–octene elastomer (POEg), or a maleic anhydride grafted mixture (TPEg) of the polyethylene–octene elastomer and a semicrystalline polyolefin plastic as the impact modifier. TPEg showed an important toughening effect on the PETG. A sharp ductile‐brittle transition was observed when the TPEg content was about 10 wt %. For POEg toughened PETG, the ductile–brittle transition required a higher content in POEg, ∼15 wt %. Evolution of the topography and morphology of the blends and the relationship between impact strength and topography were discussed. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci B: Polym Phys 38: 2801–2809, 2000