Hamaker 2: A Toolkit for the Calculation of Particle Interactions and Suspension Stability and its Application to Mullite Synthesis by Colloidal Methods

For modern processing of ceramics at the nanoscale, the influence of interparticle interactions in the suspended state becomes increasingly important. The Hamaker 2 program has been developed for the rapid prediction of these interactions, allowing us to gain important understanding of the often delicate balance of forces in ceramic powder suspensions. This article discusses the theoretical foundation of the implemented models and shows the benefit of this predictive approach applied to mullite production by colloidal methods.     

含氟体系中高性能T型分子筛膜的合成

含氟体系中,在负载晶种的大孔莫来石支撑体表面快速合成了高性能且取向生长的T型分子筛膜。采用XRD、SEM和MASNMR等手段对分子筛膜层和粉末进行表征。讨论了添加物、氟硅比、合成温度和合成时间等条件对膜生长与分离性能的影响,并阐述了含氟体系中T型分子筛膜快速晶化的机理。碱金属氟盐的加入促进了T型分子筛晶体层的晶化速率,并对晶体层形貌产生了一定的影响。膜应用于75℃、水/异丙醇（10：90,w/w）体系的平均渗透通量和分离因子分别为（4.91±0.18）kg·m^-2·h^-1和7060±1130。     

La2O3对莫来石陶瓷微观组织结构的影响

采共沉淀法制备了高纯度莫来石前驱粉体,掺杂La2O3制备莫来石复合陶瓷.利用XRD、SEM等方法对矿物组成和显微结构进行分析表征,并用X'pert High score Plus软件计算莫来石晶格常数,间接分析La2O3掺杂机理.实验结果表明,La2O3的掺杂改变了莫来石陶瓷的微观组织结构,莫来石晶粒由短棒状转变为网状和层状结构;La2O3的掺杂改变了物相组成,生成La1.66Al23.08O37.04,有助于提高莫来石陶瓷的致密性,在1500℃烧成时试样达到理论密度的95;.     

硼酸钙对电瓷结构和性能的影响

研究了硼酸钙掺量对电瓷的相结构、显微结构、电气性能和机械性能的影响.通过不同硼酸钙添加量的电瓷在不同烧结温度条件下的断裂强度、气孔率、电阻率,结合电瓷的晶相结构和显微结构的变化,探讨其构效关系.结果表明:硼酸钙含量的增加或烧结温度升高,电瓷的电阻率和气孔率降低.但当硼酸钙掺量超过10;,烧结温度超过1120℃之后,电阻率和气孔率的变化不明显.电瓷的断裂强度随着硼酸钙的添加而提高,当硼酸钙含量超过10;后开始降低,添加量为10;时电瓷的断裂强度随着烧结温度而提高,1120℃后无显著变化.硼酸钙促进莫来石相的析出,但硼酸钙含量过高时,会促进CaAl2Si2O8形成,降低莫来石相的析出量,并使其形貌从细针状向短柱状和粒状发生转变.硼酸钙掺量恒定时,提高烧结温度可促进细针状莫来石相的生成.     

氧化锆增韧莫来石复相陶瓷的摩擦磨损行为与磨损机制

研究了氧化锆增韧莫来石得相陶瓷（ＺＴＭ）与氧化铝陶瓷摩擦副在室温至４００℃干摩擦下的摩擦磨损行为与机制。研究表明：ＺＴＭ陶瓷的磨损率随温度的升高而逐渐降低;室温下ＺＴＭ陶瓷的磨损机制以微观切削和微观断裂为主;随着温度的升高,ＺＴＭ陶瓷中的玻璃相具有微观润滑作用,其磨损机制转变为微观断裂和晶粒剥落为主;偶件氧化铝的磨损机制主要是脆性断裂及晶粒剥落。     

Sol-Gel Transition and Structural Evolution on Multicomponent Gels Derived from the Alumina-Silica System

The capacity of the sol-gel process of producing highly pure, homogeneous alumina-silica based materials had been demonstrated in the last few years. However, a full understanding on the mechanisms associated to sol formation and sol to gel transition has not yet been achieved and is required for the development of a new generation of nano-structurally tailored materials that will significantly enhance the technological importance of the sol-gel process. In this work, tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) and aluminum isopropoxide were used to prepare materials within the entire silica-alumina system. Process parameters, such as gelation time, were correlated to variables of the initial stage of the process, such as pH, temperature of hydrolysis and water/alkoxide ratio. The obtained gels were dried at 105°C and subsequently heat treated at 500 and 1100°C for 3 hours. X-ray diffraction and infrared spectroscopy were used to characterize the materials and phase transformations. Structural information obtained from phase characterization and phase transformations was correlated to the effects of the process variables on sol formation and gelation, providing insights related to the mechanisms involved. The influence of temperature of aluminum isopropoxide hydrolysis on peptization and gelation of the mixtures was noted. The different behavior of mixtures hydrolyzed at low and high temperatures was suggested to be caused by different mechanisms of surface charge formation on the structurally different aluminum hydroxides. Monophasic and diphasic mullite xerogels were produced by changing temperature of aluminum isopropoxide hydrolysis, and led to formation of mullite and Al−Si spinel phases respectively, when treated at 1100°C.     

K2O-ZnO-Al2O3-B2O3-SiO2系掺Cr3+透明莫来石微晶玻璃的研究

采用了X射线衍射、透射电镜和吸收光谱及荧光光谱技术研究了K2O－ZnO-Al2O3-B2O3－SiO2系掺Cr^3 玻璃的析晶性能和光谱。研究结果表明：在K2O－Al2O3-B2O3-SiO2系掺Cr^3 玻璃的基础上引入ZnO后，析晶性能明显改善；析晶温度降低，析出的纳米莫来石微晶均匀、规则；微晶玻璃的发光强度明显增强。     

Preparation and Structural Defects of Al2-xZrx＋yTi1-yO5 and Al4.54Si1.46O9.73 Multiphase Material

In the study, sludge from the aluminum profile factory and kaolin were used as the raw materials. Through adding ZrO2 mineralizer in different contents, Al2-xZrx+yTi1-yO5 and Al4.54Si1.46O9.73 solid solution multiphase material was prepared to effectively inhibit the decomposition of aluminum titanate solid solution and optimize high temperature property of the multiphase material. With XRD and SEM means, crystalline structure and microstructure of each sample were characterized, and properties of each sample were tested. According to experimental results, the optimal addition amount of ZrO2 mineralizer was determined to be 1.5%. Correspondingly, contents for aluminum titanate solid solution, mullite solid solution and α-Al2O3 were 70.3%, 26.8% and 2.9% respectively, bulk density was 3.20 g/cm3, degree of porosity was 5.57%, water absorption rate was 1.74%, and the once thermal shock rupture strength retention rate was 90.52%.     

Effect of Organic Ligands Used in Sol-Gel Process on the Formation of Mullite

The preparation of mullite by the sol-gel method using organic polydentate ligands and the effect of the raw materials and organic polydentate ligands on the formation of mullite were investigated. Two series of samples were prepared using tetraethoxyorthosilicate (TEOS) and aluminum nitrate nonahydrate, or dibutoxyethylacetoacetatoaluminum (Al(OBu)₂(AcAcEt)) as the silica and alumina sources, respectively, and using ethylene glycol (EG), 1,3-propanediol (PD), 1,3-butanediol (BD), 2-methyl-2, 4-pentanediol (MPD), diethlene glycol monoethyl ether (DEME) and ethoxyethanol as the ligands. When the alumina source was aluminum nitrate nonahydrate, mullite was apt to appear in the order of EG>PD>MPD. When Al(OBu)₂(AcAcEt) was the alumina source, the tendency toward the appearance of mullite crystalline phase was EG>BD>DEME>MPD. Between the two alumina sources, aluminum nitrate nonahydrate gave mullite much easier than Al(OBu)₂(AcAcEt). These relationships were discussed from the viewpoints of the coordination ability of the ligands and the miscibility between the silica and alumina.     

Preliminary Study on the Effect of pH on Thermal Transformation of Some Diphasic Al2O3-SiO2 Gels

Diphasic Al₂O₃-SiO₂ gels have been synthesized by hydrolyzing ethyl orthosilicate at three different pH ranges in presence of colloidal boehmite. Result shows that dominant mullitization process are sensitive to pH of the gelation process. At highly acidic pH range, solid state reaction between corundum and cristobalite occurs, and develops liquid phase for mullite nucleation. At moderately acidic pH, nucleation and crystallization are most operative for nucleation in aluminosilicate matrix. In highly basic pH region, Al-Si spinel phase develops by incorporation of Si in aluminous phase as intermediary phase. Polymorphic transformation of it may be the cause of sudden mullitization. The changes in crystallization sequence in three distinct processes may be due to variation in the nature and size of silicic acid particle formed by hydrolysis and condensation of TEOS at different pH.