Research Progress and Application of Ion Funnel Technique

Ion funnel is a new-style ion guider which can reduce spatial divergence and energy dispersity of the transmission ions by using radio frequency (RF) electric field to confine the ions radially and the direct current (DC) axial electric field to move the ions toward the exit, and thus it can greatly increase the ion transmission efficiency and improve the sensitivity of the mass spectrometry. Since ion funnel was invented in 1997, it has attracted a close attention of mass spectrometry scientists all over the world. Ion funnel has been used in various kinds of mass spectrometry, and built a bridge with high efficiency ion transmission between low vacuum ionization source and high vacuum mass analyzer. In this paper, the principle, technology development, and application progress of ion funnel are reviewed, and the future prospects are prospected.     

Tuning the properties of a black TiO2-Ag visible light photocatalyst produced by a rapid one-pot chemical reduction

A highly efficient black TiO₂-Ag photocatalytic nanocomposite, active under both UV and visible light illumination, was synthesized by decorating the surface of 25 nm TiO₂ particles with Ag nanoparticles. The material was obtained via a rapid, one-pot, simple (surfactant and complexing agent free) chemical reduction method using silver nitrate and formaldehyde as a metal salt and reducing agent, respectively. The nanocomposite shows an increase of over 800% in the rate of photocatalytic methylene blue dye degradation, compared to commercial unmodified TiO_2, under UV-VIS illumination. Unlike pure TiO₂, the nanocomposite exhibits visible light activation, with a corresponding drop in optical reflectance from 100% to less than 10%. The photocatalytic properties were shown to be strongly enhanced by post-reduction annealing heat treatments in air, which were observed to decrease, rather than coarsen, silver particle size, and increase particle distribution. This, accompanied by a variation in the silver surface oxidation states, appear to dramatically affect the photocatalytic efficiency under both UV and visible light. This highly active photocatalyst could have wide ranging applications in water and air pollution remediation and solar fuel production.     

电子束敏感材料的原子尺度结构研究

分子筛和金属有机骨架(MOF)材料以其独特的孔道和骨架结构在催化、 储能、 干燥及净化和吸附分离等领域有着广泛应用, 对其结构的原子尺度表征对于深入理解其构效关系具有重要意义. 但其大孔道结构和有机骨架使得它们对电子束辐照极为敏感, 在常规透射电镜成像模式下结构会很快被破坏变为非晶, 从而无法获得孔道和骨架的原子排列信息. 最近发展起来的基于积分差分相位衬度扫描透射电子显微(iDPC-STEM)技术在电子敏感材料和轻元素组分成像方面展现出明显优势, 使得对多孔骨架材料及烃池物种的表征成为了可能. 本文综述了本课题组近期利用该技术对分子筛和MOF材料原子尺度结构方面的研究. 将iDPC-STEM技术应用到ZSM-5分子筛催化剂中, 实现了对该分子筛的原子级骨架结构的成像分析. 在MOF体系中, 利用该技术观察到MIL-101骨架内部有机连接体与金属节点的配位方式, 在此基础上解析了MIL-101结构中有机配体的连接和金属节点的苯环结构, 并观察了MOF的原子级表面、 界面和缺陷等局域结构特征. 最后对iDPC-STEM技术在原子尺度成像方面的应用潜力进行了总结与展望.     

Computerized Developments in Design,Generation, Simulation of Meshing,and Stress Analysis of Gear Drives

The paper represents new computerized developments in design, generation, simulation of meshing, and stress analysis of gear drives. The main contents of the paper are: (i) application of a predesigned parabolic function of transmission errors for reduction of noise, (ii) computerized simulation of noise caused by transmission errors, (iii) modification of the basic algorithm of tooth contact analysis, and (iv) application of approaches developed for enhanced design and simulation of meshing of the following gear drives: (a) spiral bevel gear drives, (b) face-gear drives (including an approach for grinding), and (c) modified helical gear drives. The developed theory is illustrated with numerical examples.     

Infinite family of transmission irregular trees of even order

Distance between two vertices is the number of edges in a shortest path connecting them in a connected graph $G$. The transmission of a vertex $v$ is the sum of distances from $v$ to all the other vertices of $G$. If transmissions of all vertices are mutually distinct, then $G$ is a transmission irregular graph. It is known that almost no graphs are transmission irregular. Infinite families of transmission irregular trees of odd order were presented in Alizadeh and Klav?ar (2018). The following problem was posed in Alizadeh and Klav?ar (2018): do there exist infinite families of transmission irregular trees of even order? In this article, such a family is constructed.     

Measurements in Situ and Spectral Analysis of Wind Flow Effects on Overhead Transmission Lines

In the paper an important issue of vibrations of the transmission line in real conditions was analyzed. Such research was carried out by the authors of this paper taking into account the cross-section of the cable being in use on the transmission line. Analysis was performed for the modern ACSR high voltage transmission line with span of 213.0 m. The purpose of the investigation was to analyze the vibrations of the power transmission line in the natural environment and compare with the results obtained in the numerical simulations. Analysis was performed for natural and wind excited vibrations. The numerical model was made using the Spectral Element Method. In the spectral model, for various parameters of stiffness, damping and tension force, the system response was checked and compared with the results of the accelerations obtained in the situ measurements. A frequency response functions (FRF) were calculated. The credibility of the model was assessed through a validation process carried out by comparing graphical plots of FRF functions and numerical values expressing differences in acceleration amplitude (MSG), phase angle differences (PSG) and differences in acceleration and phase angle total (CSG) values. Particular attention was paid to the hysteretic damping analysis. Sensitivity of the wave number was performed for changing of the tension force and section area of the cable. The next aspect constituting the purpose of this paper was to present the wide possibilities of modelling and simulation of slender conductors using the Spectral Element Method. The obtained results show very good accuracy in the range of both experimental measurements as well as simulation analysis. The paper emphasizes the ease with which the sensitivity of the conductor and its response to changes in density of spectral mesh division, cable cross-section,tensile strength or material damping can be studied.     

Microstructural and mechanical analysis of Cu and Au interconnect on various bond pads

Effects of High Temperature Storage (HTS) and bonding toward microstructure change of intermetallic compound (IMC) at the wire bonding interface of 3 types of bond pad (Al, AlSiCu and NiPdAu) were presented in this paper. Optical and electron microscope analyses revealed that the IMC growth rate of samples under 175 and 200 °C HTS increased in the order of Al > AlSiCu > NiPdAu. Besides, higher HTS and bonding temperatures also promoted higher IMC thickness. The compositional study showed that higher HTS and bonding temperature developed rapid interdiffusion in bonding interface. In the mechanical ball shear test, a decrease of the shear force of Al and AlSiCu bond pads after 500 h HTS was believed due to poorly developed IMC at bonding interface. On the other hand, shear force degradation at 1000 h was due to excessive growth of IMC that in turn causes the formation of defects. For NiPdAu bond pad, increasing trend of shear force with HTS duration at 175 °C implied a good reliability of the Cu wire bonding. The rapid microscopic inspection on Cu wired Al bond pad under HTS 175 °C showed the IMC development from the periphery to the center of the ball bond. However, after 500 h voids started to develop until the crack was observed at 1000 h.     

基于耦合T型空腔的多重法诺共振现象

提出由T型空腔和挡板组成的两种金属-电介质-金属(MIM)波导结构,分别为:正T型空腔结构和倒T型空腔结构,并应用有限元法系统地研究了该结构的透射特性.对于正T型空腔结构,仿真结果出现了双重法诺共振现象,并且共振波长可以通过改变T型空腔长度和高度进行调节.该结构有助于设计成敏感度达到1 620nm/RIU、品质因数为5.4×10~4的纳米传感器.对于倒置T型空腔,在波导中产生了多重法诺共振现象,其敏感度可达1 560nm/RIU,品质因数为9.37×104.该结构有望在光学集成回路,特别是纳米传感器、光束分路器方面具有广泛应用.     

Accuracy and CPU time of JE-TLM,PLRC-TLM and CRC-TLM methods for plasma medium

The current density (JE), the piecewise linear recursive convolution (PLRC) and the constant convolution recursive (CRC) techniques are developed and integrated into the transmission line matrix (TLM) algorithm. A comparison of these three schemes according to the criteria of accuracy and CPU time is presented. Numerical experiments show that JE provides the most accurate solution and requires the least CPU time; PLRC is nearly as accurate but consumes more CPU time than CRC.