吉林大学化学学院研究生课程思政的多维度构建与探索*

研究生课程思政的建设影响着研究生的培养质量,关乎着能否实现立德树人这一人才培养的根本任务。介绍了吉林大学化学学院立足学科特点,在研究生课程思政建设方面取得成功的经验,并对未来的课程思政建设方向进行了探讨。     

硅和锗纳米线的原子排布和电荷分布的密度泛函紧束缚方法研究

低维硅锗材料是制备纳米电子器件的重要候选材料，是研发高效率、低能耗和超高速新一代纳米电子器件的基础材料之一，有着潜在的应用价值。采用密度泛函紧束缚方法分别对厚度相同、宽度在0.272 nm~0.554 nm之间的硅纳米线和宽度在0.283 nm~0.567 nm之间的锗纳米线的原子排布和电荷分布进行了计算研究。硅、锗纳米线宽度的改变使原子排布，纳米线的原子间键长和键角发生明显改变。纳米线表层结构的改变对各层内的电荷分布产生重要影响。纳米线中各原子的电荷转移量与该原子在表层内的位置相关。纳米线的尺寸和表层内原子排列结构对体系的稳定性产生重要影响。     

对称向量拟均衡问题有效解的存在性

利用标量化方法建立对称向量拟均衡问题有效解的存在性定理。作为标量化方法的应用，利用这一方法得到向量变分不等式和拟向量变分不等式有效解的存在性定理。     

具身学习视角下的教学环节再思考——以“全等三角形判定”第1课时为例

《义务教育数学课程标准(2011年版)》(以下简称《课标》)指出,数学教学活动,特别是课堂教学应激发学生兴趣,调动学生积极性,引发学生的数学思考,鼓励学生的创造性思维.这就要求教师在设计教学环节时,以学生经验为逻辑起点,以学生经验生长为目的,重视学生的多感官参与,拒绝单一的听中学,创设环节帮助学生体悟学习过程,关注学生的学习过程,具身学习正是通过身体的感觉运动系统与周围环境的互动,促使学习者的认知、心理和情感水平发生变化,为我们提供了一个引导学生学习方式转型的新视角。     

基于群论的晶格扰动介质纳米孔阵列多重Fano共振机理及演变

基于全介质超构材料独特的电磁属性,提出了一种晶格扰动介质纳米孔阵列超构表面来激发近红外区域的多重Fano共振.结合群论深入探究了该超构表面在其原胞为方形晶格构型与方形晶格对称性被破坏两情况下多重Fano共振的形成机理及演变规律.研究表明,在方形晶格超构表面中,外部辐射连续体分别与由正入射平面波直接激发的双重简并模式共振干涉形成双重Fano共振,且该共振与原胞中是否含孔及孔的形状无关,在晶格扰动超构表面中,原本不耦合的非简并模式由正入射平面波激发出来并与外部辐射连续体干涉形成Q值更高的三重Fano共振.进一步探讨了正入射平面波的xy极化方向对上述五重Fano共振的影响,结果表明,双重简并模式Fano共振偏振无关,三重非简并模式Fano共振偏振依赖.本文将为利用方形晶格构型的超构表面实现多重Fano共振的激发及演变提供有效的理论参考.     

基于NiCo2O4纳米片电极的非对称混合电容器

The looming global energy crisis and ever-increasing energy demands have catalyzed the development of renewable energy storage systems. In this regard, supercapacitors (SCs) have attracted widespread attention because of their advantageous attributes such as high power density, excellent cycle stability, and environmental friendliness. However, SCs exhibit low energy density and it is important to optimize electrode materials to improve the overall performance of these devices. Among the various electrode materials available, spinel nickel cobaltate (NiCo₂O₄) is particularly interesting because of its excellent theoretical capacitance. Based on the understanding that the performances of the electrode materials strongly depend on their morphologies and structures, in this study, we successfully synthesized NiCo₂O₄ nanosheets on Ni foam via a simple hydrothermal route followed by calcination. The structures and morphologies of the as-synthesized products were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area analysis, and the results showed that they were uniformly distributed on the Ni foam support. The surface chemical states of the elements in the samples were identified by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The as-synthesized NiCo₂O₄ products were then tested as cathode materials for supercapacitors in a traditional three-electrode system. The electrochemical performances of the NiCo₂O₄ electrode materials were studied and the area capacitance was found to be 1.26 C·cm^-2 at a current density of 1 mA·cm^-2. Furthermore, outstanding cycling stability with 97.6% retention of the initial discharge capacitance after 10000 cycles and excellent rate performance (67.5% capacitance retention with the current density from 1 to 14 mA·cm^-2) were achieved. It was found that the Ni foam supporting the NiCo₂O₄ nanosheets increased the conductivity of the electrode materials. However, it is worth noting that the contribution of nickel foam to the areal capacitance of the electrode materials was almost zero during the charge and discharge processes. To further investigate the practical application of the as-synthesized NiCo₂O₄ nanosheets-based electrode, a device was assembled with the as-prepared samples as the positive electrode and active carbon (AC) as the negative electrode. The assembled supercapacitor showed energy densities of 0.14 and 0.09 Wh·cm^-3 at 1.56 and 4.5 W·cm^-3, respectively. Furthermore, it was able to maintain 95% of its initial specific capacitance after 10000 cycles. The excellent electrochemical performance of the NiCo₂O₄ nanosheets could be ascribed to their unique spatial structure composed of interconnected ultrathin nanosheets, which facilitated electron transportation and ion penetration, suggesting their potential applications as electrode materials for high performance supercapacitors. The present synthetic route can be extended to other ternary transition metal oxides/sulfides for future energy storage devices and systems.     

绝对重力测量异常值的局部异常因子检测算法

自主研发绝对重力仪的测量结果中出现的离群程度不同的异常值会直接影响测量结果的准确度和测量精度。目前一般采用的一元正态分布异常值检测算法漏检率高,容易造成测量结果的偏差和测量精度的下降。利用人工智能算法中的局部异常因子异常值检测算法,可以在线、快速、高效地完成自主研发绝对重力测量数据的异常值检测。首先,根据实测数据构建测试数据集,利用数值模拟确定局部异常因子算法邻域宽度参数的取值;然后,基于实测数据进行异常值检测并进行结果评估。评估结果表明,局部异常因子异常值检测算法对离群程度不同、连续出现异常值等情况检测效果明显优于一元正态分布异常值检测算法,组测量精度平均提高9.37μGal,可以作为自主研发绝对重力仪异常值检测的通用算法完成组测量结果的异常值检测。     

构造局部不等式处理n元条件极值问题

本文从一道竞赛题出发介绍处理n元条件极值问题的一种策略,通过分析已知的等量关系,猜测与试探取得最值的条件,寻找并建立局部不等式,完成问题的求解或证明,并举例说明这一解法的应用.