石墨烯负载的氧配位钴单原子稳定金属锂负极

Lithium (Li)-based batteries are the dominant energy source for consumer electronics, grid storage, and electrified transportation. However, the development of batteries based on graphite anodes is hindered by their limited energy density. With its ultrahigh theoretical capacity (3860 mAh∙g⁻¹), low redox potential (−3.04 V), and satisfactorily low density (0.54 g∙cm⁻³), Li metal is the most promising anode for next-generation high-energy-density batteries. Unfortunately, the limited cycling life and safety issues raised by dendrite growth, unstable solid electrolyte interphase, and "dead Li" have inhibited their practical use. An effective strategy is to develop a suitable lithiophilic matrix for regulating initial Li nucleation behavior and controlling subsequent Li growth. Herein, single-atom cobalt coordinated to oxygen sites on graphene (Co-O-G SA) is demonstrated as a Li plating substrate to efficiently regulate Li metal nucleation and growth. Owing to its dense and more uniform lithiophilic sites than single-atom cobalt coordinated to nitrogen sites on graphene (Co-N-G SA), high electronic conductivity, and high specific surface area (519 m²∙g⁻¹), Co-O-G SA could significantly reduce the local current density and promote the reversibility of Li plating and stripping. As a result, the Co-O-G SA based Li anodes exhibited a high Coulombic efficiency of 99.9% at a current density of 1 mA∙cm⁻² with a capacity of 1 mAh∙cm⁻², and excellent rate capability (high current density of 8 mA∙cm⁻²). Even at a high plating capacity of 6 mAh∙cm⁻², the Co-O-G SA electrode could stably cycle for an ultralong lifespan of 1300 h. In the symmetric battery, the Co-O-G SA based Li anode (Co-O-G SA/Li) possessed a stable voltage profile of 18 mV for 780 h at 1 mA∙cm⁻², and even at a high current density of 3 mA∙cm⁻², its overpotential maintained a small hysteresis of approximately 24 mV for > 550 h. Density functional theory calculations showed that the surface of Co-O-G SA had a stronger interaction with Li atoms with a larger binding energy, −3.1 eV, than that of Co-N-G SA (−2.5 eV), leading to a uniform distribution of metallic Li on the Co-O-G SA surface. More importantly, when matched with a sulfur cathode, the resulting Co-O-G SA/lithium sulfur full batteries exhibited a high capacity of 1002 mAh∙g⁻¹, improved kinetics with a small polarization of 191 mV, and an ultralow capacity decay rate of 0.036% per cycle for 1000 cycles at 0.5C (1C = 1675 mA∙g⁻¹) with a steady Coulombic efficiency of nearly 100%. Therefore, this work provides novel insights into the coordination environment of single atoms for the chemistry of Li metal anodes for high-energy-density batteries.     

基于正交试验设计的我国高科技企业技术创新获取途径选择对创新能力的影响研究

技术获取途径的选择对于高科技企业的创新驱动发展具有重要的影响,正确的获取途径选择,可以有效提高企业的竞争力。本文通过广义试验方法,以企业技术研发或改造项目的成功率、企业整体创新能力以及企业整体创新能力孕育潜力为试验指标,进行多指标试验,通过对试验结果进行部分正交多项式回归分析,讨论内部创新技术研发程度、购买新技术程度和合作开发新技术程度对试验指标的影响规律,得出了加强对企业内部技术研发投入以及扩大与科技院所合作来提高企业创新能力的相关建议。     

环氧乙烷亲核开环的区域选择性规则在有机化学教学中的应用

环氧乙烷亲核开环的区域选择性规则是有机化学中典型脂肪三元杂环亲核性开环的选择性规则,具有普遍性。本文以非对称环氧乙烷的亲核性开环为核心,从开环反应过渡态稳定性的角度讨论了决定环氧乙烷亲核开环区域选择性的原因。介绍了该区域选择性规则在经过三元杂环正离子中间体的非对称烯烃亲电加成反应区域选择性教学中的应用。加强学生对不同反应的机理和选择性的联系,起到教学中融会贯通的作用,可以提高教学效率和效果。     

N-杂环卡宾-吡啶锰配合物/四丁基碘化铵催化CO2和环氧化物合成环状碳酸酯(英文)

该工作发展了一类二齿N-杂环卡宾(NHC)-吡啶锰配合物催化CO₂和环氧化物偶联反应的方法.锰配合物和四丁基碘化铵(TBAI)构成的二元催化体系对环氧化物和CO₂合成环状碳酸酯的反应表现出了较高的活性.该二元催化体系适用于广泛的底物范围,例如端环氧化物和高位阻的内环氧化物.通过紫外-可见光谱、红外光谱和高分辨质谱的研究对反应机理进行了阐述.     

酰基镍作为关键中间体参与的酰基还原制备酮的研究进展

酰基镍是金属有机合成中的一类重要中间体,近些年来,以酰基镍为中间体的还原酰基化反应合成酮的策略引起了广泛地关注.相较于金属亲核试剂参与的传统交叉偶联反应,还原酰基化反应具有条件温和、步骤经济性高、官能团兼容性良好、环境友好等优点.对近些年来镍催化羧酸或羧酸衍生物和各种亲电试剂的还原酰基化合成酮的最新研究进行了概述.     

羰基α-位胺化反应研究进展

α-氨基羰基衍生物是一类重要分子骨架,存在于许多药物分子和天然产物分子中;同时,也是一类重要的有机合成中间体,用于合成许多重要的有机化合物分子.发展简单、高效的方法合成结构多样性的α-氨基羰基衍生物具有重要的研究意义.总结了近几十年来羰基α-位碳氢键的直接胺化反应,根据反应所经历的不同活化模式,对这类反应进行了分类总结,主要分为亲电胺化、氧化胺化、卤化物介导的胺化和电化学胺化四类反应.     

α-手性三级叠氮化合物的不对称催化合成新进展

α-手性叠氮化合物广泛应用于合成化学、药物化学和生命科学等领域.由于手性叠氮既可用于多样性合成手性胺衍生物及含氮杂环化合物,且叠氮基本身也是药效团,α-手性叠氮的高效合成对于药物研发十分重要.随着引入手性季碳来增加分子的三维立体性来改善生物活性和成药性成为药物设计研发的有效手段,发展具有氮杂季碳手性中心的α-手性三级叠氮的不对称催化合成新方法来促进药学研究十分必要.然而,由于叠氮基接近于直线的结构所带来的不利位阻效应,以及需要区分差异性较小的取代基来构建氮杂季碳手性中心的挑战性,高对映选择性的不对称催化方法较为匮乏.本综述旨在从含C—N3键化合物的不对称官能团化反应和通过C—N₃键形成的不对称叠氮化反应两种构建策略出发,介绍近五年不对称催化合成α-手性三级叠氮的研究进展.藉此对反应机理及优势与不足等进行分析讨论,为从事有机合成和药物化学相关的科研人员提供一些参考和启发.     

加拿大推出能即时监测空气质量的可穿戴设备

<正>加拿大一新创公司推出了一款新型可穿戴设备,称为TZOA包围追踪器,可以即时监测人们周围的环境状况,如空气质量、紫外线强度等。据物理学家组织网不久前报道,在设计上,这种配置器可以直接检测环境中的空气污染和紫外线强度,TZOA通过蓝牙向智能手机发送并共享数据,i OS和安卓的App(应用程序)就会显示环境指标,指示空气污染和紫外线对用户