山东大学(威海)开展的核物理研究

综述了山东大学威海校区原子核物理研究团队在原子核精细谱学、核天体物理、探测器研制和高能核物理等方向开展的研究工作及最新进展；尤其重点介绍了$A\sim 110$核区原子核的形状共存和带交叉延迟，“订书机”和“雨伞”模式转动带，碳氮氧循环过程中关键核反应的测量进展，中子星参数化的状态方程及双中子星并合引力波研究，带电粒子探测器的设计与制作，相对论重离子碰撞物理中量子输运理论和高阶反常输运等研究工作，并展望了下一步的工作重点。     

Nuclear Shadowing Effect on the K Factor in Au—Au Collisions

We investigate the nuclear shadowing effect on the K factor in the Drell-Yan process by introducing a Shadowing factor into the corresponding quantum chromodynamical αs order corrections.K factors for Au-Au collisions are calculated at the centre-of-mass system energies √s=60,130 and 200 GeV while the nuclear shadowing factor is taken into account.The numerical results indicate that the nuclear shadowing factor obviously raises the K value in the small x region,and for the same nucleon the K valus becomes smaller as the energy increases.The nuclear shadowing effect could be one reason for creating the non-constancy of the K factor.     

Gamow—Teller Resonance of 90Zr in a Relaztivistic Approach

We establish the formalism of nuclear spin-isospin excitations,especially the Gamow-Teller resonance in a fully consstent relativistic random-phase approximation.A relativistic form of the Landau-Migdal parameter g‘ is adopted as a residual spin-isospin correlation force.In the non-relativistic limit it reproduces the excitation energy of the giant Gamow-Teller resonance state obtained in the non-relativistic model.The Gamow-Teller resonance for finite nuclei is investigated in a relativistic approach for the first time.It is found that the Ikeda sum rule of 90Zr is quenched about 8% in the Hartree as well as the correlated strengths due to the poles of the negative Dirac states at energies above 1 GeV.     

Investigation of the mean free path of projectile fragments produced in 16O－Em collision at 60 A GeV

Results are presented for an investigation of the mean free path of projectile fragments with charge 3≤Z≤8, produced by 60 A GeV {}^{16}O in nuclear emulsion. No dependence of mean free path on the distance from the point of the fragment emission is observed and our result is consistent with the nonexistence of anomalons.     

Spectral property and its shape transition on ^72-84Kr isotopes in microscopic core plus two-quasiparticle approach

By using a microscopic sdIBM-2 2q.p, approach, the levels of the ground-band, 7-band and partial two-quasi-particle bands for ^72-84Kr isotopes are calculated. The data obtained are in good agreement with the recent experimental results, and successfully reproduce the nuclear shape phase transition of ^72-S4Kr isotopes at zero temperature.The ground-state band is described successfully up to J^π=18^ and Ex=10.0MeV. Based on this model, the aligned requisite minimum energy has been deduced. The theoretical calculations indicate that no distinct change of nuclear states is caused by the abruptly broken pair of a boson, and predict that the first backbending of Kr isotopes may be the result of aligning of two quasi-neutrons in orbit g9/2, which galus the new experimental support of the measurements of g factors in the ^78-86Kr isotopes.     

Theoretical Study on the Rotational Bands and Shape Coexistence of^179，181，183Au in the Particle-Triaxial-Rotor Model

We perform a series of theoretical calculations and investigation for nuclei 179，181，183Au in the particle-triaxialrotor model with variable moment of inertia. The calculated energy spectra in^179,181,183Au agree well with the experimental data globally. The obtained results indicate that the nuclei^179,181,183Au have prolate deformation and involve shape coexistence with different deformation parameters in different bands. The main configuration of bands 1, 2, 3 and 5 in these nuclei are identified as [541]1/2^- (πh9/2, α = 1/2), [541]1/2- (πh9/2, α= -1/2),[530] 1/2- (πf7/2) and [660] 1/2^ (πi13/2), respectively.     

实践得真知长才干

 值此庆祝王淦昌老兄八十五寿辰之际,我将他的探测中微子存在的建议和反∑^-超子的发现两事对人们有何启迪,谈谈我的想法.     

核反应中亏损的质量哪里去了

核反应中亏损的质量哪里去了?这是“原子核”一章困扰着同学们的一个难题．课本并没有深入解释，只是简单定性地指出“原子核的质量要比组成它的核子的质量小，我们把组成原子核的核子的质量与原子核的质量之差叫做核的质量亏损”；“不仅核子结合成原子核时有质量亏损，放出能量，有些重核分裂成中等质量的核，有些轻核结合成中等质量的核，也发生质量     

影响DPF焦点装置中子稳定性的因素和改进措施

简要叙述了稠密等离子体聚焦装置作为中子发生器的工作原理，对影响稠密等离子体聚焦装置放电出中子产额及其稳定性的一些因素和改进措施进行了简单讨论．通过使用不同电极形状的场畸变开关很好地提高了焦点装置的运行，使装置输出中子的起伏得到明显的改善．通过对腔内电极的清洁，在不更换气体的条件下，聚焦装置放电出中子产额稳定.The principle of dense plasma focus(DPF) as neutron generator has been investigated in this paper. We have stated briefly some factors that mainly influnce the DPF s neutron yield and some methods improving the stability of neutron yields on the dense plasma focus. It is showed that the fluctuation of DPF output neutron becomes smaller by using different types of field-distortion elements. Over 100 consecutive shots without purging the test gas the neutron yields has no obvious change.