直流磁控溅射一步法原位制备MgB2超导薄膜

用MgB2靶,控制直流磁控溅射工作在异常辉光放电或弧光放电状态,在SrTiO3衬底上原位一次性得到了MgB2超导薄膜,其起始转变温度为32K,零电阻温度为15K. 关键词： 高温超导体 超导薄膜 磁控溅射 二硼化镁     

基于LabVIEW的高温超导材料特性测试实验

高温超导体临界特性的测量是近代物理实验中最为经典的实验之一,本文通过使用GM制冷机,利用Lab-VIEW虚拟仪器软件和高性能采集卡,改进了传统的测量高温超导材料临界特性的实验装置.本测试系统不仅可以测量高温超导体在不同温度下的临界电流,还可以测量其失超传播特性.该实验对于学生了解超导体特性和培养严谨的科学作风十分有益.     

High-temperature expansions to fifteenth order

High-temperature series expansions of the susceptibility and second moment to 15th order are calculated for zero external field on the linear chain (LC), plane square (PSQ), simple cubic (SC), and body-centered cubic (BCC) lattices. Checks for specific models against pertinent work in the literature are detailed.     

石墨-六角氮化硼微晶混合物与水高压反应产物分析

 利用球磨法制备石墨-六角氮化硼微晶混合物，并在6.1 GPa、800~1 500 ℃条件下与水进行高压反应，以便研究用水作触媒合成B-C-N三元化合物的可能性。通过对反应产物的XRD、XPS谱分析发现：高压下随着温度的升高，反应产物中出现再结晶石墨，其晶化程度逐渐提高；但没有出现再结晶六角氮化硼，也未出现立方氮化硼。在球磨不充分条件下，石墨-六角氮化硼混合物的XRD谱没有完全弥散，它们与水高压反应时，能观察到石墨与立方氮化硼分别结晶的现象，但都没有形成B-C-N晶化结构。     

Study on Phase-Formation Mechanism and Intergrowth for Bi(Pb)-Sr-Ca-Cu-O System

In this paper, the phase-formation mechanism of Bi-based superconductors was systematically investigated by using high-temperature X-ray diffraction, differential thermal analysis (DTA) and crystallization of amorphous state. The transformations among Bi-based 2201, 2212 and 2223 phases were observed, and the intergrown phenomenon of the 2201, 2212 and 2223 phases was explained. It was proposed that there exist a composition equilibrium between 2212 phase and Ca2CuO3 and a competition of thermody-namic stability among Ca2CuO3, 2212 and 2223 phases. This is why it is difficult to prepare the 2223 phase. After Pb was doped in Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O system, Ca2CuO3 phase in the Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O system was replaced by Ca2PbO4, so that the composition equilibrium and competition of thermodynamic stability mentioned above were avoided.     

Influence of heat treatment conditions on the porosity changes of sulfonated styrene/divinylbenzene copolymers

Sulfonic cation exchangers with two ion exchange group concentrations (0.5 and 2.4 mmol/g, samples A and B, respectively) were obtained by sulfonation of a porous styrene (S) and divinylbenzene (DVB) copolymer with chlorosulfonic acid. Strong thermal decomposition of the sulfonated copolymer A, accompanied by significant changes in its porous structure, starts at ca. 400°C. The char has no sulfonic groups. After heat treatment at 400°C in steam, a sorbent was obtained (yield 65%) that shows higher phenol sorption than the untreated sample when related to the bed volume. The chlorosulfonic derivatives of the initial copolymer were less thermally resistant than the sulfonic ones obtained by hydrolysis. Pyrolysis of the cation exchanger B, in its H+ and Ca²⁺ forms, was carried out at 900°C (yield of both chars close to 30%). By subsequent steam activation at 800°C to a 50% burn-off of the char, sorbents with well-developed, but distinctly different, porous structures were obtained. The activated char from the sulfonated copolymer in its hydrogen form was highly microporous and indicated an effective surface area of 1180 m²/g. However, because of a low contribution of mesopores, its ability to adsorb phenol from the liquid phase was not very high. The activated char from the calcium-doped copolymer, indicating a smaller surface area (580 m²/g) but characterized by a well-developed mesoporosity, was a better sorbent for phenol. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Contributions of Spin–Lattice Relaxation to the Echo Decay of Planar Cu in High-Temperature Superconductors

Measurement ofT_2G, the Gaussian component of the spin-echo envelope of planar Cu nuclei in high-temperature superconductors, gives important information about the real part of the Cu electron spin susceptibility. In the traditional picture of the planar Cu echo decay, the internuclear coupling is assumed to remain static with respect to spin–lattice relaxation and mutual exchange fluctuations. In some circumstances, however, this assumption breaks down. We calculate the internuclear corrections arising from spin–lattice relaxation to the conventional theory ofT_2Gand show thatT_2Gcan be easily corrected for these effects. We argue that mutual exchanges due to the perpendicular indirect couplings are suppressed in these materials. For YBa₂Cu₄O₈, we find a correction on the order of 10% inT_2Gand using the corrected values we find that the isotope ratio⁶³T_2G/⁶⁵T_2Gagrees with theory.     

1，2—二氯丙烷裂解反应光窗结焦机理的研究

有机化合物在光窗上的结焦严重地影响激光引发化学反应及光学原位实时探测。本文报道在1，2－二氯丙烷反应系统中，光窗结焦现象同时存在于激光引发反应及热反应过程中，对光窗在300℃条件 下的结焦机理研究表明，少量氧气在光窗结焦过程中起关键作用。结焦前驱体的红外光谱研究表明，前驱体的可能结构为1－丙炔－1，3－二醇的缩聚体。该化合物极易通过缩聚反应形成更大的分子，最终导致光 窗结焦。对系统及反应物进行彻底除氧，光窗结焦现象大为改善。     

表面包覆改性对纳米CeO2分散性的影响

了改善纳米CeO2在Zn-Al类共晶合金中的分散性,采用超声液相包覆法对纳米CeO2进行表面活性剂表面包覆改性,并用AES测定了包覆层的厚度,用TEM研究了CeO2的团聚状况,用TGA分析了有机物包覆层的炭化温度范围,最后用FE-SEM观察了CeO2在复合材料中的分散情况。结果表明,包覆在纳米CeO2表面的厚度约为20 nm的表面活性剂层提高了微粒的分散性,而且该包覆层在495℃时已经炭化。热力学计算的结果也表明,炭化层能与氧化膜反应,该反应提高了CeO2与基体间的润湿性,并使其均匀分布在基体合金中。     

Synthetic diamond electrodes: Photoelectrochemical behavior of vacuum-annealed undoped polycrystalline diamond films

The photocurrent and photopotential for undoped polycrystalline diamond film electrodes prepared by chemical vapor deposition and annealed in vacuum at 1500–1640°C are measured. The metal-like samples (annealed at 1630°C) have a negligible photosensitivity. Judging from the positive sign of the photopotential and the cathodic direction of the photocurrent, the material under study formally behaves as a p-type semiconductor. The photoeffects are presumably caused by structure defects, in particular, the dislocations in diamond crystallites formed close to intercrystalline boundaries during the high-temperature annealing.Translated from Elektrokhimiya, Vol. 41, No. 3, 2005, pp. 343–349.Original Russian Text Copyright © 2005 by Pleskov, Krotova, Ralchenko, Khomich, Khmelnitskii.