Chemical composition and potential bioactivities of essential oil from Quercus mongolica bark

The chemical composition and potential bioactivities of essential oil from Quercus mongolica bark (EOQMB) were researched for value-added utilization processing by-product. The results of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis showed that 30 components accounting for 98.42% were identified in EOQMB, with pentadecanoic acid the most abundant compound accounting for 34.90%, which was further confirmed by the Fourier transform infrared observation. EOQMB exerts antioxidant activities, and the IC₅₀ values for scavenging DPPH radical, ABTS radical, and hydroxyl radical were 8.48, 0.77, and 3.54 mg/mL, respectively. The effects of EOQMB on prolonging activated partial thromboplastin time and thrombin time and on decreasing fibrinogen are similar to those of heparin, and the promising anticoagulant activities of EOQMB could be largely contributed by pentadecanoic acid. Herein, the present study uncovered that the waste Q. mongolica bark can serve as a new potential material in pharmaceutical products.     

Molecular parameterization and determination of the electrode potentials of anticoagulant derivatives: Electrochemical and quantum chemical study

This research presents calculations and computation of two anticoagulant derivatives electrode potentials in methanol. For this purpose, the ab initio molecular orbital calculations (HF) and density functional theory (DFT) together with the 6-31G(d) basis set were utilized. The calculated values were compared with the experimental values obtained by linear sweep voltammetry. The observed and the calculated changes in the reduction potential of the anticoagulant derivatives differed from those of the reference compound (catechol), being less than 20 mV. In this way, a method was provided, by which the reduction potentials of the related molecules could be predicted very accurately. Actually, the resulting data illustrated that the method was likely to be useful for the prediction of biomolecules electrode potentials in different aprotic solvents. The bond lengths, bond angles and dipole moment of the studied compounds were calculated in two different solvents and the solvent effects were discussed.     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定食品中9种抗凝血灭鼠剂的残留量

食品样品用乙腈提取,经弗洛里小柱净化后,用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定其中9种抗凝血灭鼠剂的含量。色谱分离用甲醇和10mmol.L-1乙酸铵溶液以不同体积比混合为流动相梯度洗脱,采用负离子模式电喷雾离子源在多反应监测模式下进行检测。噻鼠酮的检出限(3S/N)为0.38μg.kg-1,其余8种灭鼠剂的检出限(3S/N)均为0.08μg.kg-1。以空白食品样品为基体,加入3种浓度水平的灭鼠剂标准做回收试验,测得回收率在55.3%～118.1%之间,相对标准偏差(n=6)在2.2%～14.8%之间。     

固相萃取—紫外导数光谱法测定血中茚满二酮类抗凝血杀鼠剂

报道了血中敌鼠、氯敌鼠、杀鼠酮的题示测定方法。该法操作简便快速、回收率高，灵敏度较高，萃取使用国产高分子多孔微球ＧＤＸ３０１，价廉易得。三种杀鼠剂以１０ｍｇ／Ｌ量分别加于血中，回收率依次为１００．５％±２．９％、１０１．５％±１．３％及９９．３％±１．５％；血中三种杀鼠剂检出限分别为０．４、０．６及０．４ｍｇ／Ｌ。     

Self-assembled hemocompatible coating on poly (vinyl chloride) surface

A stable hemocompatible coating was fabricated by consecutive alternating adsorption of iron (III) and two kinds of polysaccharides, heparin (Hep) and dextran sulfate (DS), onto poly (vinyl chloride) (PVC) surfaces via electrostatic interaction. The fluctuation of contact angles with the alternative deposition of iron (III) and polysaccharides verified the progressive buildup of the mulitilayer coating onto the PVC surface. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) analysis revealed that the PVC surfaces were completely masked by iron-polysaccharides multilayer coatings. The activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) assay showed that both Hep/Fe³⁺/Hep and DS/Fe³⁺/Hep coated PVC were less thrombogenic than the uncoated one. Chromogenic assay for heparin activity proved definitively that the inhibition of locally produced thrombin was ascribed to the thromboresistance of the surface-bound heparin. Compared with the unmodified PVC surfaces, iron-polysaccharide multilayer coating presented a drastically reduced adhesion in vitro of platelets, polymorphonuclear neutrophil leukocytes (PMN) and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). Interestingly, the DS/Fe³⁺/Hep coating was found to exhibit higher hydrophilicity and stability, hence lower non-specific protein adsorption in comparison with Hep/Fe³⁺/Hep coating due to the incorporation of dextran sulfate into the multilayer coating.     

UPLC-ESI-QTOF/MS and multivariate data analysis for blood plasma and serum metabolomics: Effect of experimental artefacts and anticoagulant

Clotting and anticoagulation of blood samples may give rise to different metabolic profiles of serum and plasma samples, respectively. The anticoagulant used for blood plasma preparation may affect the resulting metabolic profile due to different mechanisms involved in anticoagulation by various agents, e.g. heparin, EDTA and citrate. In the present study, we looked into metabolite and other differences in matched serum and plasma samples and different plasma preparations by using untargeted UPLC-ESI-QTOF/MS profiling and multivariate data analysis (PCA and OPLS-DA). Metabolite differences between serum and plasma samples were mainly related to small peptides reflecting presence or absence of coagulation. Only subtle metabolite differences between the different plasma preparations were noticed, which were primarily related to ion suppression or enhancement caused by citrate and EDTA anticoagulants. For the first time, we also report that anticoagulant counter cation (Na+ or K+) in Na-citrate and K-EDTA plasma can make some metabolites more dominant in ESI-MS. Polymeric material residues originating from blood collection tubes for serum preparation were observed only in serum samples. Hypoxanthine and xanthine were found at higher levels in serum than in plasma samples, possibly due to release from the clot. Mass spectral features of sodium formate and potassium formate ion clusters were detected in citrate and EDTA plasma samples, respectively, originating from formate in mobile phase and Na⁺ (in Na-citrate tubes) and K⁺ (in K-EDTA tubes). Among the anticoagulants, heparin is recommended for plasma samples used for LC-ESI/MS-based metabolomics of hydrophilic compounds because no plasma interferences or matrix effects were noticed for this polarity range. Citrate and EDTA should be avoided since interferences and serious matrix effects were encountered on some co-eluting polar metabolites. Serum is recommended as a second choice and an alternative to plasma. In conclusion, heparin plasma or serum should be the order of best choice for LC-ESI/MS-based metabolomics research.     

Formation of 2-arylindane-1,3-diones and 3-alkylphthalides from methyl o-[α-phenylsulfonyl]toluate

2-Aryl-1,3-indanedione and phthalide derivatives have attracted considerable interest due to their anticoagulant, parasiticidal and a range of biological activities. The synthesis of 2-aryl-1,3-indanedione by the condensation of the title sulfone with aryl aldehydes through an interesting pathway and a previously unreported approach to 3-alkylphthalide from C-alkylated derivatives of 1 under microwave and conventional heating conditions are described.     

Detection of surface bound complement at increasing serum anticoagulant concentrations

Surface mediated immune complement activation can be detected by a variety of antibody utilizing methods such as ELISA, fluorescence- or radiolabelling techniques, QCM, and ellipsometry. In the present work we investigated how the common anticoagulants heparin, dalteparin, fondaparinux and sodium citrate affected the binding of anti-complement factor 3c (anti-C3c) on a model complement activator surface, immobilised IgG, after incubation in human blood serum.

The results show, as expected, that different anticoagulants affect the antibody binding differently. Increasing amounts of heparin, dalteparin and sodium citrate in normal serum resulted in a decreasing anti-C3c binding. The antibody deposition was not sensitive for the fondaparinux concentration. Surprisingly high concentrations of anti-coagulantia were needed to completely eradicate the antibody binding. Experiments in EGTA–serum showed that anticoagulants interfered directly with both the classical and alternative pathways. Control C3a-des arg ELISA measurements show that the lowered antibody surface binding was not a result of complement depletion in serum. Kallikrein generation by hydrophilic glass surfaces was not affected by high anticoagulant concentrations.     

Vocal fold hemorrhage associated with coumadin therapy in an opera singer

Vocal fold hemorrhage can represent a disastrous and potentially career ending injury to a singer or professional voice user. The risk factors of vocal fold hemorrhage, including laryngeal trauma, phonotrauma, aspirin and nonsteroidal antiinflammatories, and hormonal imbalances are well known. We present a case of an opera singer who developed recurrent vocal fold hemorrhage associated with coumadin anticoagulation therapy. This case highlights the importance of the risk of vocal fold hemorrhage to professional singers and professional voice users and offers an alternative to long-term coumadin therapy in this select population.