A new type of conformal dynamics

We consider the Lagrangian particle model introduced in [Ann. Phys. 260 (1997) 224] for zero mass but nonvanishing second central charge of the planar Galilei group. Extended by a magnetic vortex or a Coulomb potential the model exhibits conformal symmetry. In the former case we observe an additional SO(2,1) hidden symmetry. By either a canonical transformation with constraints or by freezing scale and special conformal transformations at t=0 we reduce the six-dimensional phase-space to the physically required four dimensions. Then we discuss bound states (bounded solutions) in quantum dynamics (classical mechanics). We show that the Schrödinger equation for the pure vortex case may be transformed into the Morse potential problem thus providing us with an explanation of the hidden SO(2,1) symmetry.     

Fluorimetric determination of ascorbic acid with o-phenylenediamine

A simple and sensitive fluorimetric method for the determination of ascorbic acid (AA) is described. The method is based on the condensation reaction between AA and o-phenylenediamine (OPDA) in the absence of the oxidant. The fluorescence intensity is measured at excitation and emission wavelengths of 360 and 430 nm, respectively. Under optimum condition, a linear relationship is obtained between the fluorescence intensity and the concentration of AA in the range of 0.05-40 μg ml⁻¹. The detection limit is 0.006 μg ml⁻¹, which is obviously lower than that of other fluorimetric methods reported.     

激光光散射研究丙烯酰胺-二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵共聚物的溶液行为

用激光光散射技术表征了阳离子含量受控的丙烯酰胺 二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵共聚物 (简称P(AM DMDAAC) )在 0 1mol LNaCl溶液中的基本参数和溶液行为 .表观基本参数 : Mw ,app =5 0 4× 10 5g·mol- 1 、app =39 9nm和A2 ,APP =1 5× 10 - 4cm3·mol·g- 2 .动态光散射研究结果表明 ,扩散系数Dt 与角度、浓度皆呈非线性依赖关系 ,当C >C 或在较大的散射角域 ,Dt 偏离线性关系所预示的理论值而向减小的方向发展 ,表明存在缔合物 ;流体力学半径Rh 分布有大、小两个范围 ,并随温度升高向小尺寸方向发展 ,证明了体系中存在缔合行为以及升温的解缔合作用 .在一定条件下 ,“亚稳定性”的存在有力地旁证了体系的缔合行为     

Simplified chemical and radiochemical synthesis of 2-arachidonoyl-glycerol, an endogenous ligand of cannabinoid receptors

Endocannabinoids have emerged as a new class of lipid mediators, with manifold roles in the central nervous system and in the periphery. Several studies have identified 2-arachidonoyl-glycerol (2-AG) as a major endogenous agonist of cannabinoid receptors. Here, the chemical synthesis of 2-AG is reported, along with the synthesis of its tritium-labeled derivative. These unlabeled and radiolabeled compounds are suitable tools for unravelling some metabolic routes and biological activities of 2-AG in various cells and tissues.     

单分散、小粒径金纳米颗粒的形貌控制增长

利用种子生长法合成了形状规则、尺寸单一的形状不同金纳米颗粒. 其中立方体纳米颗粒的边长为33±2 nm, 它是在十六烷基三甲基溴化胺(CTAB)存在的条件下, 在种子的表面上用弱还原剂——抗坏血酸还原而成的. 在这个体系中, 表面活性剂CTAB既作为保护剂又作为颗粒成长的导向剂. 用UV-vis, TEM, XRD对纳米颗粒的光学性质、几何形状、纳米颗粒的单层膜概貌以及纳米颗粒的晶体结构作了表征. 考察了种子生长的时间、种子的量、抗坏血酸的量对生成纳米颗粒形状的影响.     

二乙基二烯丙基氯化铵均聚及其与丙烯酰胺或丙烯酸共聚动力学研究

采用膨胀计法研究了以过硫酸铵为引发剂,二乙基二烯丙基氯化铵(DEDAAC)在水溶液中的均聚及其与丙烯酰胺(AM)和丙烯酸(AA)共聚动力学,测定了相应的聚合表观活化能;采用元素分析法测定了DEDAAC分别与AM和AA在低转化率下共聚物的组成,并采用氯离子选择性电极法测定了DEDAAC-AM共聚物中的氯离子含量,按Kelen-Tudos方法求得了相应的竞聚率.结果表明,DEDAAC均聚速率方程为RP=k[M]0.99[I]0.76,表观活化能Ea=77.00kJ/mol,说明链终止为单基终止和双基终止并存,引发过程与单体浓度无关;DEDAAC与AM在摩尔比为4∶1时,共聚动力学方程为RP=[M]2.53[I]0.90,表观活化能Ea=67.06kJ/mol,单体竞聚率为rDE=0.31±0.02、rAM=5.27±0.53;DEDAAC与AA在摩尔比为4∶1时,共聚动力学方程为RP=k[M]2.94[I]0.83,表观活化能Ea=70.07kJ/mol,竞聚率为rDE=0.28±0.03、rAA=5.15±0.28;DEDAAC与AM和AA等共聚为非理想共聚,得到的产物均为无规共聚物.     

Reactivity Ratios of Diethyldiallylammonium Chloride with Acrylamide or Acrylic Acid

The compositions of copolymers of diethyldiallylammonium chloride (DEDAAC) with acrylamide (AM), acrylic acid (AA) or sodium acrylic acid (NaAA) at low conversion were determined by elemental analysis, and the reactivity ratios of monomers in copolymerization were obtained by Kelen-Tudos method. The results showed that the reactivity ratios rDE and rAM are 0.31 and 5.27 for DEDAAC with AM, rDE and rAA are 0.28 and 5.15 for DEDAAC with AA, and rDE and rNaAA are 0.40 and 3.97 for DEDAAC with NaAA, respectively. The copolymerizations for DEDAAC with AM, AA or NaAA are non-ideal copolymerization and the products are random copolymers.     

A Novel Solid‐state Electrochemiluminescent Enantioselective Sensor for Ascorbic Acid and Isoascorbic Acid

A novel, stable, solid‐state and stereoselective electrochemiluminescence (ECL) sensor has been designed to enantioselectively discriminate ascorbic acid (AA) and isoascorbic acid (IAA) by immobilizing Ru(bpy)₃²⁺ (Ru), thiolated β‐cyclodextrin (β‐CD‐SH) and gold/platinum hybrid nanoparticles supported on multiwalled carbon nanotube/silica coaxial nanocables (GP‐CSCN) on glassy carbon electrode. All chemical compounds could be immobilized on the surface of electrode stably through nafion film, and high stereoselectivity could be introduced to the sensor via the synergistic effects of the β‐CD‐SH and GP‐CSCN nanomaterials. When the developed sensor interacted with AA and IAA, obvious difference of ECL intensities was observed, and a larger intensity was obtained from AA, which indicated that this strategy could be employed to enantioselectively recognize AA and IAA. As a result, ECL technique might act as a promising method for recognition of chiral compounds.     

Development and validation of a UPLC–MS/MS method for determination of Sarsasapogenin‐AA22 in rat plasma and its application to a pharmacokinetic study

A sarsasapogenin derivative, sarsasapogenin‐AA22 (AA22), with cyclobutylamine at the 3‐hydroxyl position of sarsasapogenin, has great neuroprotective activity in PC12 cells and NO production inhibitory activity in RAW264.7 cell lines. A method was developed to determine AA22 in rat plasma which was further applied to evaluate the pharmacokinetics of AA22 after taking a single dose of AA22. Liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry was used in the method, while diosgenin was used as internal standard. A simple protein precipitation based on acetonitrile was utilized. A simple sample cleanup promoted the throughput of the method considerably. The method was validated over the range of 1–1000 ng/mL with a correlation coefficient > 0.99. The lower limit of quantification was 1 ng/mL for AA22 in plasma. Intra‐ and inter‐day accuracies for AA22 were 92–111 and 100–103%, respectively, and the inter‐day precision was <15%. After a single oral dose of 25 mg/kg of AA22, the mean peak plasma concentration of AA22 was 2114 ± 362 ng/mL at 6 h. The area under the plasma concentration–time curve was 196,098 ± 69,375 h ng/mL, and the elimination half‐life was 8.7 ± 2.2 h.     

Corrosion inhibition of ammonium molybdate for AA6061 alloy in NaCl solution and its synergistic effect with calcium gluconate

The corrosion inhibition of ammonium heltamolybdate (AH) and calcium gluconate (CG) for AA6061 alloy in 3% NaCl solution was investigated by the electrochemical measurements. It indicates that AH inhibits the corrosion of AA6061 alloy and acts as an anodic inhibitor. Maximum inhibition efficiency reaches 74.3% at the concentration of 1 × 10^?4 mol.l^?1 AH. The results of the electrochemical studies reveal AH is physically adsorbed on the AA6061 alloy surface and the adsorption follows Langmuir isotherm. The combination of AH and CG enhances the inhibition efficiency to 95.9%. The enhanced inhibition is attributed to the promotion of AH adsorption by CG. The mixture of AH and CG is a mixed‐type inhibitor and renders the corrosion potential to more positive values. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.