荧光标记微管的光敏断裂及机理

荧光标记的微管经激发光照射会引起微管的断裂，但其断裂过程及机理并不清楚.通过光镊研究了微管光敏断裂的动态过程.实验结果表明组成微管的原丝并不是同时断裂的，而是相继断裂最终导致微管的断裂.经过一系列生物学实验，确定了活性氧中的自由基是造成微管光敏断裂的主要因素.根据光镊研究的结果推测了自由基作用于微管的机理. 关键词： 光镊 微管 断裂 自由基     

Oscillatory disturbance in force calibration of optical tweezers

In the calibration of the optical trap stiffness, it is found that there appears an attenuating oscillation as an oscillatory disturbance added to the trapped bead movement, when the scanner is driven by a triangular wave input.An equivalent oscillator model is put forward to explain the mechanism of the oscillatory disturbance. Both the measurements and calculations show that the attenuating oscillation comes from the oscillation of the scanner and the triangular wave drive causes this additional oscillation of the scanner. Furthermore, the analysis indicates that the oscillatory disturbance will become stronger, when the stiffness of the trap increases or the natural frequency of the scanner decreases. We adopt another driving way, i.e. a sinusoidal wave input is used instead of the triangular wave input. Our experiment has verified that in this case the oscillatory disturbance is eliminated completely.     

Mechanical Properties of Breast Cancer Cell Membrane Studied with Optical Tweezers

Membrane tethers are extracted from breast cancer cells using a force generated by an optical trap. It is experimentally obtained that the radius of tether is about 0.1μm and the static tether force is about 8.5 pN. Calculations based on the experimental measurements give a bending modulus for the tether of 1.35 x 10^-19 N.m and a surface membrane tension of 6.76 x 10^-6 N/m in the breast cancer cell. The treatment with cytochalasin D results in the decreasing bending modulus and decreasing apparent surface tension. When the membrane protein caveolin is over-expressed, similar cases occur in bending modulus and apparent surface tension. In addition, the viscous resistance coefficient of the membrane is calculated to be 1.15pN.s/μm according to the dynamic tether forces obtained under different pulling velocities.     

原子物理中时间反演对称性成立吗：原子系统中永久电偶极矩的探查

本文将介绍在基本对称性研究领域具有重要意义但至今尚无答案的一项研究工作──微观粒子永久性电偶极矩的探查．其中重点介绍原子电偶极矩的探查．这一工作的意义在于它是对探索ＣＰ不守恒或Ｔ反演对称性破坏的来源的理论的检验；还在于微观粒子电偶极矩的非零值意味着电磁相互作用中时间反演对称性的破坏．本文将介绍这一工作的研究背景及其重要意义，基本概念，实验原理和方法．     

高重复率脉冲分子束阀门

超声分子束是研究分子化学反应动力学及分子光谱的重要工具.它不仅具有无碰撞、高束流密度等特点,而且在超音速绝热膨胀过程中,转动和平动温度大幅度降低,减少了热带的影响,使得复杂的分子光谱简化,从而提高态选择性激发的效率,是研究分子高激发态光谱的理想设备. 通常使用的超声分子束是连续分子束,由于它要求一定的束流密度,又要求真空室的真空度优于10～(-3)Torr,这样就需要很大抽速的泵系统,因此分子束设备的体积庞大,造价昂贵.然而,近几年发展起来的脉冲分子束技术,可以解决上述问题.特别是在大多数激光与分子束的交叉实验中,激发器的…     

少数铯原子的选择性激光探测

本文报道了用激光选择性探测少数约原子的共振双光子电离实验,铯原子的光电离达到了完全饱和,每一个激光脉冲探测到的原子数为5.3×10~4。使用一台可调频染料激光器完成了铯原子的共振双光子电离,第一个光子使Cs原子从基态6~2S_(1/2)激发到7~2P_(1/2)能级,第二个光子使Cs原子离化。本实验采用自建的消融灯泵浦的脉冲染料激光强迫振荡器,输出线宽为0.5(?),波长4593(?),能量为300mJ,脉宽2μs,激光束被聚焦到原子束池中,能量密度始终保持大于1J/cm~2,电离后的离子电子对由静电计检测。为了与实验值比较,假设对一个简易的计算模型进行了理论计算,实验值与理论值很好地符合。     

INCREASING TRANSVERSE STABILITY OF OPTICAL TWEEZERS BY USING DUAL-GAUSSIAN BEAM PROFILE

Trapping force was calculated with a homogeneous dielectric sphere model. Results indicate that the transverse trapping force of optical tweezers can be increased effectively through modifying laser beam profile while the axial stability of the system is still assured. This is quite important when optical tweezers are applied to the precise measurements for single biological molecule.     

双层介质球体所受光作用力的分析与计算

计算了双层介质球体的光作用力.结果表明,双层结构内外层相对折秧经和相对厚度的变化都将影响光作用力的大小.特别是当内层折射率大于外层折射率时,减小内层半径可得到一较小区域,在此区域光镊系统刚度将得到有效提高,可实现对双层介质球体的稳定束缚;而当内层折射率小于外层折射率时,随内层半径的减小,介质小球可能有两个稳定平衡点出现.     

条形GaAs半导体激光器的非线性温度特性

一、前 言 在通常的(AlGa)As条形半导体双异质结激光器的输出功率随注入电流变化的过程中,由于非线性扭曲现象的存在,限制了输出功率的动态范围,带来了使用的局限性。尤其在模拟调制的通讯系统中,对讯号引入畸变,在与光纤的耦合上也造成困难。因此,非线性问题的研究成为重要课题之一。 目前对非线性问题的研究大多在固定温度条件下进行[1-3].对于非线性现象在低温下随温度的变化关系叙述不多.然而对激光器低温特性的研究还是重要的[4].我们在低温的不同温度下对激光器的非线性现象进行了观察。定性作了初步探讨,以便从实验结果进一步了解…     

CRYSTALLIZATION OF DIELECTRIC SPHERES IN LASER STANDING WAVE FIELD

Experimental study on crystallization of polystyrene spheres and SrTiO₃ particles in laser standing wave field is presented. The diameter of polystyrene, which are able to be trapped, is 7 times smaller than that reported by Burns, the corresponding lattice constant is reduced to 1.5 μm. The crystallization effect of SrTiO₃ particles with a refractive coastant of 2.5 in the visible range is observed for the first time. Based on the results above we believe that it is possible to construct photonic crystal with lattice constant extended to visible wave range by this method.