基于双核模型对Z = 116~ 121 超重核产生截面的研究(英文)

在双核模型的理论框架下系统研究了超重元素Z = 116 ~121 的蒸发剩余截面,计算过程中核子扩散由主方程描述,同时考虑了全熔合与准裂变的竞争。计算基本再现了利用热熔合反应48Ca+245Cm,48Ca+249Cf 和48Ca+249Bk 产生116~118 号同位素的合成截面。同样,分别以249Bk,249Cf 和243Am 为靶,以48Ca,50Ti 和58Fe 为炮弹,计算了Z = 119~ 121 号同位素的生成截面。结果表明,这些超重核的生成截面随着质子数的增大进一步变小。例如,利用58Fe+243Am 反应合成121 号同位素的最大蒸发剩余截面仅在fb 量级。基于对选择的几个反应系统的系统分析,发现双核系统在熔合蒸发过程中偶Z 奇N 和奇Z 偶N 复合核分别有强的3n 和4n 蒸发道。The production cross sections of superheavy elements with Z = 116~121 have been investigated systematically within the dinuclear system (DNS) concept, where the master equation is solved numerically to obtain the fusion probability. The competition between complete fusion and quasifission, which can strongly affect the cross section of the compound nucleus formation, is taken into account. The evaporation residue cross sections ER calculated for the hot fusion actinide-based reactions (48Ca+245Cm, 48Ca+249Cf and 48Ca+249Bk) are basically in agreement with the known experimental data within one order of magnitude. Similar calculations for the synthesis of superheavy elements up to Z = 121 are performed using the available 249Bk, 249Cf and 243Am as targets and 48Ca, 50Ti and 58Fe as projectiles. Their production cross sections are relatively small,especially for the 58Fe+243Am→301121 reaction. A systematic analysis indicates that the 3n and 4n channelsare respectively the most favorable fusion-evaporation channels in the synthesis of even- and odd-Z superheavy elements.     

基于苯甲酸受体的咔唑染料敏化剂的合成和光电性能

选择N-正丁基咔唑作为电子给体,芴酮作为桥键,苯甲酸作为受体,通过桥键芴酮与给体和受体连接位置的改变,设计合成了两个咔唑染料4-(6-(N-正丁基咔唑-3-基)-9-氧-9H-芴-3-基)苯甲酸(HXL-3W)和4-(7-(N-正丁基咔唑-3-基)-9-氧-9H-芴-2-基)苯甲酸(HXL-4Z).对咔唑染料的光谱性能、电化学性能和光电转换性能进行了研究,并运用密度泛函理论(DFT)方法对其几何结构和紫外-可见光谱进行了优化计算.结果表明, HXL-4Z的吸收光谱呈现两个明显的π→π^*跃迁吸收峰和一个较小的对应于分子内电荷转移的吸收峰,而HXL-3W的吸收光谱则仅呈现一个π→π^*跃迁吸收峰,且摩尔吸光系数远小于HXL-4Z.可能是HXL-3W分子结构中给体和受体距离较近,张力较大,导致较差的分子平面性和分子内电荷转移.因而HXL-4Z的光吸收能力和电子注入效率较优,从而具有较好的光电转换效率(2.03%) (短路电流(J_SC) = 3.88 mA·cm^-2,开路电压(V_OC) = 700 mV,填充因子(FF) = 0.75).     

Rotational properties in even-even superheavy 254-258Rf nuclei based on total-Routhian-surface calculations

High-spin yrast structures of even-even superheavy nuclei ^254-258Rf are investigated by means of total-Routhian-surface approach in three-dimensional (β₂, γ, β₄) space. The behavior in the moments of inertia of ²⁵⁶Rf is well reproduced by our calculations, which is attributed to the j_15/2 neutron rotation-alignment. The competition between the rotationally aligned i_13/2 proton and j_15/2 neutron may occur to a large extent in ²⁵⁶Rf. High-spin predictions are also made for its neighboring isotopes ^254,258Rf, showing that the alignment of the j_15/2 neutron pair is more favored than that of the i_13/2 proton pair.     

基于自适应网络模糊推理系统的γ能谱指纹模糊识别

提出了以自适应网络模糊推理系统参数为识别特征的γ能谱指纹模糊识别方法.通过建模和仿真,提取了γ能谱指纹的模糊系统特征参数,并建立了关于系统特征参数的模糊集及模糊识别原则,以较高的置信度实现了γ能谱指纹的类型识别和个体识别.对实测γ能谱指纹进行了识别,对方法的识别性能进行了研究和探讨.研究表明,该方法不但具有较强的类型识别能力和个体识别能力,并具有较低的识别下限和较强的抗噪声能力.     

乙二胺硅胶复合材料对Zn2+的吸附特性

以γ-氯丙基三氯硅烷为偶联剂,将乙二胺偶合接枝在硅胶表面,合成对锌离子具有吸附作用的乙二胺硅胶复合材料（EDA/SiO2）,考察了Zn2+溶液pH值、初始浓度、吸附温度和吸附时间等因素对复合材料吸附性能的影响。 结果表明,在研究的溶液浓度及温度范围内,Zn2+溶液pH值对EDA/SiO2的吸附量影响显著,吸附的最佳pH值范围在3.0~5.5;Zn2+的吸附平衡数据符合Langmuir吸附模型,热力学数据显示,EDA/SiO2对Zn2+的吸附行为为一吸热且自发进行的过程,升高温度有利于吸附,并对此吸附行为作了解释;吸附动力学数据可用拟二级吸附动力学方程描述,得到的吸附速率常数与溶液初始浓度有关。     

基于便携式拉曼高光谱成像技术的散装奶粉中硫脲可视化现场快速检测方法研究

硫脲是一种含氮量高、毒性较大的潜在蛋白掺假化合物,常规的实验室检测方法过程复杂、效率低,无法满足口岸对大批次散装奶粉样本质量快速筛查的需求。为解决口岸抽样监管缺乏快速实时评价方法的难题,利用自主搭建的便携式点扫描拉曼高光谱成像系统,开发了一种简单高效的奶粉中硫脲现场可视化快速检测方法,确保散装奶粉在进出口环节的精准监管。研究以不同添加浓度（0.005%~2.000%）的硫脲奶粉混合物为样本,分别用Whittaker平滑方法和自适应迭代重加权惩罚最小二乘算法（airPLS）消除光谱数据的背景随机噪音信号和荧光背景干扰,峰值识别后对硫脲特征位移处的单波段数据进行二值化处理,得到混合样本感兴趣区域的二值热图,通过二值图中硫脲像素点的有无和坐标,对奶粉中的硫脲进行定性判别和定位分析。进一步分析得感兴趣区域内硫脲像素点数目与添加浓度的关系,结果表明随着添加浓度的增加,硫脲像素点数目呈线性增长趋势,其中线性拟合的决定系数(R2)为0.991 3,硫脲的最低检出浓度为0.05%。在0.25%,0.60%,1.20%和1.50%的添加水平下,利用像素点数目和线性拟合关系预测奶粉中硫脲的浓度,结果显示预测浓度的相对误差范围为-9.41%~4.01%,相对标准偏差小于7%。该点扫描拉曼高光谱成像系统能在10 min内完成单个样本的检测,结合软件控制系统,实时对奶粉中的硫脲颗粒进行定性、定量和污染分布分析,方法简单高效、准确性好、灵敏度高、稳定性强,为口岸现场对散装奶粉中硫脲掺假物的实时快速检测提供了技术监管手段,能显著提升口岸现场散装样本的监管环节质量评价的精准性,为进口奶粉快速通关提供技术保障。     

Non-universal Fermi polaron in quasi two-dimensional quantum gases

We consider an impurity problem in a quasi-two-dimensional Fermi gas, where a spin-down impurity is immersed in a Fermi sea of N spin-up atoms. Using a variational approach and an effective two-channel model, we obtain the energy for a wide range of interaction strength and for various different mass ratios between the impurity and the background fermion in the context of heteronuclear mixture. We demonstrate that in a quasi-two-dimensional Fermi gas there exists a transition of the ground state from polaron in the weakly interacting region to molecule in the strongly interacting region. The critical interaction strength of the polaron-molecule transition is non-universal and depends on the particle density of the background Fermi sea. We also investigate the excited repulsive polaron state, and find similar non-universal behavior.     

偶偶No同位素转动性质研究(英文)

通过总Routhian 面计算方法研究了Z = 102 号元素已实验合成的偶偶248-264No同位素的转动性质。计算的基态形变β2,β4 与前人的计算相符。252,245No 两核基态带的转动惯量特征能得到基本再现。偶偶248-264No同位素转动惯量系统上弯的现象可归因于带交叉。研究还表明,推转时质子与中子顺排有强烈竞争,在较轻的No同位素中j_15/2 中子拆对顺排较为优先,而在较重的No 核中i_13/2 质子顺排更加优先。The rotational properties of the synthesized even-even 248-264No isotopes have been investigated by means of total Routhian surface calculations. The calculated ground-state properties (e.g. β2; β4) are in agreement with previous calculations. The behaviors of moment of inertia of 252,254No are well reproduced by our calculations. The systematic upbending in moment of inertia is attributed to band crossing. It is found that the j_15/2 neutron rotation-alignment is preferred for the lighter No isotopes, but the i_13/2 proton alignment is favored in the heavier ones.     

基于拉曼-紫外可见融合光谱技术的进口橄榄油质量等级可视化快速鉴别方法研究

橄榄油因其高营养等特点,成为植物油中日常消费量逐渐增大的主要品类。橄榄油按照加工工艺分为初榨、精炼和混合等不同质量等级。由于不同等级橄榄油价格差异较大,导致橄榄油市场存在以次充好等问题。同时,涉及等级鉴定的指标繁杂,对应的理化检测方法大部分涉及大型实验室设备,检测成本高、效率低且工作量繁重。我国是橄榄油的主要进口国,采用产品标准中逐项指标确认后判定的模式,无法满足目前急速增长的进口产品快速通关要求。该研究聚焦进口橄榄油在口岸监管现场的快速质量评价需求,开发了多光谱信息同时采集和降维融合成像的方法,将紫外-可见光谱与拉曼光谱进行特征数据融合,构建拉曼-紫外可见2D谱图,通过二维成像进行指纹特征判断,构建特级初榨橄榄油、精炼橄榄油以及果渣油的标准2D融合成像源图,作为等级区分标准对照二维谱,进行橄榄油等级可视化判定;结合空间角度值转化算法对橄榄油进行等级定性评判,通过角度值计算得到特级初榨橄榄油与精炼橄榄油的夹角范围在0.794 7～1.094 7之间,与油橄榄果渣油其值在1.157 0～1.319 8之间,而特级初榨橄榄油之间角度值均小于0.1,由此可进行不同橄榄油的等级判定;采用角度决...