大学生对物理实验认识上存在的问题和改善措施

从大学物理实验的三个环节出发,归纳了大学物理实验课程中学生存在的认识不足,分析其存在的原因并提出了相应的解决措施。     

TiO2掺杂ZnO-Bi2O3-Co2O3-MnCO3系低压压敏陶瓷的微结构和电性能研究

采用固相反应法制备了TiO2掺杂的ZnO-Bi2O3-Co2O3-MnCO3系低压压敏陶瓷.采用X射线衍射、扫描电镜、压敏电阻直流参数仪、阻抗分析仪等研究了掺杂量对陶瓷的微结构、压敏性能和阻抗等影响.结果表明:掺杂1.0mol;TiO2时综合电性能最好,压敏电压梯度为21.6 V/ mm,漏电流密度为0.02 μA/ mm2,非线性系数为33;掺杂最大于1.0 mol;时,压敏电压梯度降低的同时也使非线性系数降低,漏电流密度增大;Cole-Cole形式的复阻抗谱图表明掺杂1.0 mol;TiO2的晶界电阻最大,晶界电阻对ZnO-Bi2O3-Co2O3-MnCO3-TiO2系低压压敏陶瓷电阻的贡献最为明显.     

溅射压强和退火气氛对Mg0.2Zn0.8O∶Al紫外透明导电薄膜结构与性能的影响

以自制Mg0.2Zn0.8O∶Al陶瓷为靶材,采用室温溅射后续退火磁控溅射工艺制备了Mg0.2Zn0.8O∶Al紫外透明导电薄膜.研究了溅射压强和退火气氛对Mg0.2Zn0.8O∶Al薄膜结构和光电性能的影响.结果表明:溅射氩气压强不影响薄膜的相结构,但对薄膜的取向生长和结晶质量有一定影响;薄膜的方块电阻随溅射压强的增加先大幅减小后有所增大,溅射气压为2.0 Pa时,薄膜的方块电阻最低;不同溅射气压下制备薄膜的透光范围均已扩展到了紫外区域,而且具有85;以上的高透射率,但溅射气压对薄膜的带隙宽度和透光率没有明显影响;室温下溅射制备的薄膜经真空退火处理后其导电性能显著提高,但在空气中退火处理后其导电性能反而有所下降.     

高性能Ag/La0.7Mg0.3MnO3/p+-Si阻变器件的研究

采用溶胶-凝胶工艺在p型单晶硅衬底上制备了La0.7Mg0.3MnO3薄膜,对薄膜的微观结构及Ag/La0.7Mg0.3MnO3/p+-Si器件的电致阻变性能进行了研究.结果表明:La0.7Mg0.3MnO3薄膜在经过700℃退火2h后为单一的钙钛矿结构,沿(112)晶向择优生长,薄膜致密平整;Ag/La0.7Mg0.3MnO3/p+-Si阻变器件具有典型的双极型阻变特性,具有非常高的电阻开关比,其高阻态(HRS)与低阻态(LRS)的比值高于105,以及较佳的耐疲劳性能,器件在1000次循环后高、低阻态比值没有明显变化;器件在高阻态(HRS)时的导电机制为Schotty势垒发射效应,低阻态(LRS)导电机制为导电细丝机制.     

基于MADN空穴传输层的双层结构高效率黄绿光OLED及其阻抗谱分析

以MADN为空穴传输层,主-客掺杂体系[Alq₃∶0.7 Wt%rubrene]为发光兼电子传输层,构建了双层结构的高效率黄绿光OLED器件。该器件的黄绿光由主发光体Alq₃通过不完全能量转移到客发光体rubrene实现,电致发光峰值位于560 nm,1931CIE色坐标为(0.46, 0.52),最大发光效率达到了7.63 cd·A-1,比相应的NPB做空穴传输层的双层结构器件提高了30%。通过构建以MADN或NPB为空穴传输层的空穴单载流子器件并进行阻抗谱分析,结果表明MADN可以作为一种非常有效的空穴传输层,其空穴迁移性略低于NPB,这恰好弥补了OLED器件中空穴迁移比电子迁移快这一缺陷,为改善OLED发光层中载流子的平衡性创造了条件,从而提高了器件的发光效率。此外,MADN做空穴传输层的双层结构OLED的发光效率与传统三层结构器件(MADN和Alq₃分别作为空穴传输层和电子传输层)基本相当,表明了这种双层结构器件在简化器件结构的同时并不以牺牲发光效率为代价,发光层[Alq₃∶0.7 Wt%rubrene]兼具有优良的电子传输性能。     

溶胶浓度对Ag/Mgo.2Zn0.8O/ITO阻变异质结性能的影响研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了Ag/Mg0.2Zn0.8O/ITO异质结,研究了溶胶浓度对Mg0.2Zn0.8O薄膜生长行为、阻变性能和疲劳特性等的影响.研究表明:Mg0.2Zn0.8O为多晶薄膜,平整致密,且随溶胶浓度的增加结晶度逐步增强,但溶胶浓度过大会导致裂纹产生.阻变行为表明,随着溶胶浓度的增加,Vsct电压逐渐升高,高阻态的阻值(RHRS)逐渐下降,低阻态的阻值(RLRS)无明显变化,RHRs/ RLRS和无疲劳循环次数逐渐降低.不同溶胶浓度所制备Ag/Mg0.2Zn0.8O/ITO异质结遵循相同的导电机制,但低压区域遵循欧姆传导机制的范围有所不同,浓度为0.3 mol/L的薄膜具有较好的综合性能,其Vset低至1.2V、无疲劳循环次数达到230次、RHRs/ RLRS大于10.     

热处理工艺对室温制备ZnO:Al薄膜结构与光电性能的影响

采用室温溅射加后续退火工艺制备了ZnO∶ Al透明导电薄膜.研究了热处理工艺对薄膜微观结构和光电性能的影响.研究表明:退火有助于减小Al~(3+)对Zn~(2+)的取代造成的晶格畸变,消除应力,促进晶粒长大,有效提高电子浓度和迁移率,降低电阻率;当溅射功率为80 W、退火温度为320 ℃时,薄膜的电阻率可低至8.6×10~(-4) Ω·cm;退火气氛对薄膜的导电性能有较大影响,真空退火可使吸附氧脱附,大大降低薄膜的方块电阻.而退火温度和退火气氛均对ZnO∶ Al薄膜的透光率没有明显影响,薄膜的透光率在86;以上.     

Ag/La0.67Ca0.33MnO3/p+-Si三明治结构器件的电致阻变性能研究

采用溶胶-凝胶工艺在p+-Si基片上制备了La0.67Ca0.33Mn O3薄膜,构建了Ag/La0.67Ca0.33Mn O3/p+-Si三明治结构的阻变器件,研究了器件的电致阻变性能。结果表明:Ag/La0.67Ca0.33Mn O3/p+-Si器件具有明显的双极性阻变特性,其高阻态(HRS)与低阻态(LRS)比(HRS/LRS)高于104,器件在高阻态和低阻态的电荷传导机制分别遵循Schottky势垒导电机制与空间电荷限制电流机制(SCLC)。器件在2×103次可逆循环测试下,高、低阻态比无明显变化,表现出良好的抗疲劳特性。根据器件的高、低阻态阻抗谱,可以得到阻变效应是由器件界面的肖特基势垒的改变与器件内部缺陷填充共同作用的。     

boldmath Characterization of the BaBiO3-doped BaTiO3 positive temperature coefficient of a resistivity ceramic using impedance spectroscopy with Tc=155℃

BaBiO₃-doped BaTiO₃ (BB-BT) ceramic, as a candidate for lead-free positive temperature coefficient of resistivity (PTCR) materials with a higher Curie temperature, has been synthesized in air by a conventional sintering technique. The temperature dependence of resistivity shows that the phase transition of the PTC thermistor ceramic occurs at the Curie temperature, T_c=155 ℃, which is higher than that of BaTiO₃ ( ≤ 130 ℃). Analysis of ac impedance data using complex impedance spectroscopy gives the alternate current (AC) resistance of the PTCR ceramic. By additional use of the complex electric modulus formalism to analyse the same data, the inhomogeneous nature of the ceramic may be unveiled. The impedance spectra reveal that the grain resistance of the BB-BT sample is slightly influenced by the increase of temperature, indicating that the increase in overall resistivity is entirely due to a grain-boundary effect. Based on the dependence of the extent to which the peaks of the imaginary part of electric modulus and impedance are matched on frequency, the conduction mechanism is also discussed for a BB-BT ceramic system.     

Characterization of the BaBiO3-doped BaTiO3 positive temperature coefficient of a resistivity ceramic using impedance spectroscopy with Tc=155℃

BaBiO 3-doped BaTiO3(BB-BT) ceramic,as a candidate for lead-free positive temperature coefficient of resistivity (PTCR) materials with a higher Curie temperature,has been synthesized in air by a conventional sintering technique. The temperature dependence of resistivity shows that the phase transition of the PTC thermistor ceramic occurs at the Curie temperature,Tc=155℃,which is higher than that of BaTiO3(≤130℃). Analysis of ac impedance data using complex impedance spectroscopy gives the alternate current (AC) resistance of the PTCR ceramic. By additional use of the complex electric modulus formalism to analyse the same data,the inhomogeneous nature of the ceramic may be unveiled. The impedance spectra reveal that the grain resistance of the BB-BT sample is slightly influenced by the increase of temperature,indicating that the increase in overall resistivity is entirely due to a grain-boundary effect. Based on the dependence of the extent to which the peaks of the imaginary part of electric modulus and impedance are matched on frequency,the conduction mechanism is also discussed for a BB-BT ceramic system.