High-Pressure Phase Transitions of Cubic Y_2O_3 under High Pressures by In-situ Synchrotron X-Ray Diffraction

High-pressure phase transitions of cubic Y_2O_3 are investigated using in situ synchrotron x-ray diffraction in a diamond anvil cell up to 36.3 GPa. The pressure-induced phase transitions of cubic Y_2O_3, which display apparent inconsistencies in previous studies, are verified to be from a cubic phase to a monoclinic phase and further to a hexagonal phase at 11.7 and 21.6 GPa, respectively. The hexagonal Y_2O_3 displays noticeable anisotropic compressibility due to its layered structure and it is stable up to the highest pressure in the present study. A third-order Birch–Murnaghan fit based on the observed pressure-volume data yields zero pressure bulk moduli of180(3), 196(7) and 177(7) GPa for cubic, monoclinic and hexagonal phases, respectively.     

毫秒时间分辨同步辐射X射线衍射和高压快速加载装置及应用

高压非平衡相变动力学过程依赖于温度、压强及加载速率,这要求在不同时间尺度内实现快速加载/卸载并进行快速数据采集.本文着重介绍了最近在上海同步辐射光源BL15U1线站设计和发展的时间分辨X射线衍射和快速动态加载金刚石对顶砧(dDAC)实验装置的最新进展.dDAC采用气膜驱动和压电陶瓷驱动两种快速加载方式,在毫秒尺度内实现DAC样品腔压强从常压加压到300 GPa(20μm金刚石台面)以上,并获得了毫秒尺度的时间分辨衍射数据.其中压电陶瓷驱动的d DAC采用新设计的单、双筒驱动方式,具有加载压力大、压缩速率高等特点,加载速率可达13 TPa/s.在快速加压过程中,可同时连续采集X射线衍射谱.探测器采用Pilatus 3X 900 K,帧频达500 Hz,实现了2 ms时间分辨的X射线衍射测量.毫秒时间分辨的X射线衍射和高压快速加载装置丰富了BL15U1线站的高压研究技术,拓展了线站开展超高压实验、非平衡相变动力学等科学研究的能力.     

The Phase Transition of Eu2O3 under High Pressures

Pressure-induced phase transition of cubic Eu2 03 is studied by angle-dispersive x-ray diffraction （ADXD） up to 42.3 GPa at room temperature. A structural transformation from a cubic phase to a hexagonal phase is observed, which starts at 5.0 GPa and finishes at about 13.1 GPa. The phase transition leads to a volume collapse of 9.0% at 8.6 GPa. The hexagonal phase of Eu2 03 maintains stable up to the highest experiment pressure. After re/ease of pressure, the high-pressure phase transforms to a monoclinic phase. The pressure-volume data are fitted with the Birch-Murnaghan equation of state. The bulk moduli obtained upon compression from the fitting are 145（2） GPa and 151（6） OPa for the cubic and hexagonal phases, respectively, when their first pressure derivatives are fixed at 4.     

Phase Relations and Pressure-Volume-Temperature Equation of State of Galena

The phase relations and pressure volume dependences of galena （PbS） under high pressure and high temperature are investigated by means of in situ observation using resistance heating in a diamond anvil cell and synchrotron radiation. The phase transition from NaCl type to TII type takes place at approximately 2.4 GPa. A fit to the high temperature third-order Bireh-Murnaghan equation of state yields an isothermal bulk modulus Ko = 37（3） GPa, and its pressure derivative K＇0 = 3.6（3）, the temperature derivative of the bulk modulus （ K/ T）p = -0.022（9） GPaK^-1, and the thermal expansion coeffeient α0 = 2.2（5） × 10^-5 K^-1 for TII-type galena. The linear compressibilities j3 along a, b and c directions of TII type is elastically anisotropic （βa = 3.4 × 10^-3 GPa^-1, βb = 1.4× 10^-4 GPa^-1 and βc = 1.6 × 10^-3 GPa^-1）. We obtain the temperature derivative of the bulk modulus （ K/ T）p and thermal expansion coefficient α0 for TlI-type galena for the first time.     

高压下ZnSe 纳米带的结构相变及拉曼散射研究

 利用高压原位角散X射线衍射实验研究了ZnSe纳米带的结构稳定性。发现样品在12.6 GPa 附近存在一个从立方闪锌矿型到立方岩盐矿型的结构相变,并且在相变点附近存在较大的体积收缩,相对体积变化率达13%。利用Birch-Murnaghan 状态方程拟合,得到了闪锌矿相的体弹模量约为56 GPa,略低于体材料的体弹模量（约67 GPa）;并得到其立方岩盐矿相的体弹模量约为116 GPa。高压拉曼散射实验结果表明,横光学声子模散射峰在5.5 GPa压力附近发生劈裂,纵光学声子模散射峰在12.8 GPa压力以上逐渐消失。根据角散实验的体弹模量数据,计算得到了闪锌矿相中对应不同声子模式的格林爱森常数。     

纳米二氧化铈的高压拉曼光谱研究

本文利用金刚石对顶砧高压技术,在0.1MPa～47.5GPa压力范围内对粒径为8nm的纳米CeO2进行了高压拉曼光谱研究。研究结果表明,常压下萤石结构的纳米CeO2(空间群Fm3m)在24.3GPa时开始发生萤石结构到PbCl2类型(空间群Pnam)的结构相变。这个相变为可逆相变,卸压至零压时样品恢复至萤石结构。     

上海同步辐射装置波荡器光源空间相干性的研究

利用高斯-谢尔光源模型理论与交叉谱密度函数在自由空间传输的规律, 研究了上海同步辐射装置波荡器光源(BL15U)的空间相干性; 讨论了预聚焦镜、单色器对光束空间相干性的影响;实验测量了单色光狭缝S2处光束的横向相干长度(Z方向). 理论计算表明, S2处光束的横向相干长度为66.5 μm,但实验测量结果为27 μm. 理论与实验相差较大的原因是由于S2上游光学元件预聚焦镜或单色器周期性高频振动导致了光束空间相干性的退化.实验结果表明,上海同步辐射装置波荡器光源已有较强的空间相干性, 可以满足微米尺度的硬X射线相干性实验.