Analysis and simulation of a coupled-cavity pulse compressor

An equivalent circuit model is built for a coupled-resonator pulse compressor. Based on the circuit, the general second order differential equation is derived and converted into the first order equation to save computing time. In order to analyze the transient response and optimize parameters for the pulse compressor, we have developed a simulation code. In addition, we have also designed a three-cavity pulse compressor to get the maximum energy multiplication factor. The size of the cavities and coupling apertures is determined by HFSS.     

C波段能量倍增器的研制

C波段(5712 MHz)能量倍增器——SLED是我国研制的首台C波段能量倍增器。简述了利用三维电磁场仿真软件HFSS和CST对C波段能量倍增器的高品质因数储能腔、耦合孔、3 dB桥等进行优化设计的情况,对加工的能量倍增器做了射频低功率测试,实验测试和理论计算的一致性很好,测试结果表明所有技术参数指标均达到了设计要求。     

Design and simulation of a C-band SLED with mode converter

The transient response analysis of the SLED based on the equivalent circuit is described. Then, a C-band SLED using TE0,1,15 mode cylindrical cavity with TE10-TE01 mode converter has been designed. According to the main RF parameters of the accelerator, the coupling coefficient is optimized to obtain the maximum multiplication factor. The key components of the pulse compressor include a 3 dB directional coupler, a TE10-TE01 mode converter,and a cylindrical cavity, which are simulated and optimized using 3D electromagnetic field simulation software. In addition, the function defining the relation between the coupling factor and aperture size is derived by a mathematical fitting method.     

Beam dynamics studies of the photo-injector in low-charge operation mode for the ERL test facility at IHEP

The energy recovery linac test facility （ERL-TF）, which is a compact ERL-FEL （free electron laser） two-purpose machine, was proposed at the Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing. As one important component of the ERL-TF, the photo-injector that started with a photocathode direct-current gun has been designed. In this paper, optimization of the injector beam dynamics in low-charge operation mode is performed with iterative scans using Impact-T. In addition, the dependencies between the optimized beam quality and the initial offset at cathode and element parameters are, investigated. The tolerance of alignment and rotation errors is also analyzed.     

Design and high-power test of 800-kW UHF klystron for CEPC

To reduce the energy demand and operation cost for circular electron positron collider (CEPC), the high efficiency klystrons are being developed at Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences. A 800-kW continuous wave (CW) klystron operating at frequency of 650-MHz has been designed. The results of beam-wave interaction simulation with several different codes are presented. The efficiency is optimized to be 65% with a second harmonic cavity in three-dimensional (3D) particle-in-cell code CST. The effect of cavity frequency error and mismatch load on efficiency of klystron have been investigated. The design and cold test of reentrant cavities are described, which meet the requirements of RF section design. So far, the manufacturing and high-power test of the first klystron prototype have been completed. When the gun operated at DC voltage of 80 kV and current of 15.4 A, the klystron peak power reached 804 kW with output efficiency of about 65.3% at 40% duty cycle. The 1-dB bandwidth is ±0.8 MHZ. Due to the crack of ceramic window, the CW power achieved about 700 kW. The high-power test results are in good agreement with 3D simulation.     

Error and jitter effect studies on the SLED for the BEPC Ⅱ-linac

An RF pulse compressor is a device used to convert a long RF pulse to a short one with a much higher peak RF magnitude. SLED can be regarded as the earliest RF pulse compressor to be used in large-scale linear accelerators. It has been widely studied around the world and applied in the BEPC and BEPC linac for many years. During routine operation, error and jitter effects will deteriorate the performance of SLED, either on the output electromagnetic wave amplitude or phase. The error effects mainly include the frequency drift induced by cooling water temperature variation and the frequency/Q 0 /β unbalances between the two energy storage cavities caused by mechanical fabrication or microwave tuning. The jitter effects refer to the PSK switching phase and time jitters. In this paper, we re-derive the generalized formulae for the conventional SLED used in the BEPC linac, and the error and jitter effects on SLED performance are also investigated.     

Error and jitter e ect studies on the SLED for the BEPCⅡ-linac

An RF pulse compressor is a device used to convert a long RF pulse to a short one with a much higher peak RF magnitude. SLED can be regarded as the earliest RF pulse compressor to be used in large-scale linear accelerators. It has been widely studied around the world and applied in the BEPC and BEPCⅡ linac for many years. During routine operation, error and jitter effects will deteriorate the performance of SLED, either on the output electromagnetic wave amplitude or phase. The error effects mainly include the frequency drift induced by cooling water temperature variation and the frequency/Q₀/β unbalances between the two energy storage cavities caused by mechanical fabrication or microwave tuning. The jitter effects refer to the PSK switching phase and time jitters. In this paper, we re-derive the generalized formulae for the conventional SLED used in the BEPCⅡ linac, and the error and jitter effects on SLED performance are also investigated.     

Beam dynamics studies of the photo-injector in low-charge operation mode for the ERL test facility at IHEP

The energy recovery linac test facility(ERL-TF), which is a compact ERL-FEL(free electron laser)two-purpose machine, was proposed at the Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing. As one important component of the ERL-TF, the photo-injector that started with a photocathode direct-current gun has been designed. In this paper, optimization of the injector beam dynamics in low-charge operation mode is performed with iterative scans using Impact-T. In addition, the dependencies between the optimized beam quality and the initial offset at cathode and element parameters are investigated. The tolerance of alignment and rotation errors is also analyzed.     

3 dB桥误差对能量倍增器性能的影响

根据能量倍增器的工作原理,对3 dB桥误差引起的能量倍增器性能变化进行了理论分析,并对BEPC和BEPCⅡ直线加速器所使用能量倍增器的3 dB桥误差进行了讨论,为判断焊接后3 dB桥桥臂波导变形提供了理论参考。结果表明:无论是功率分配不平衡,还是相位关系偏离,都会使部分功率反射回速调管。功率分配不平衡和微波相位关系偏离值越大,则功率倍增因子下降得越多。     

Design and simulation of a C-band pulse compressor

The design and optimization procedure of a pulse compressor is presented. A C-band (5712 MHz) pulse compressor using a TE_0;1;15 mode cylindrical cavity with dual side-wall coupling irises has been designed. Also the coupling coeffcient, position of the short plane and size of the bottom groove have been optimized by using HFSS.