一种快速高选择性检测痕量癌胚抗原的共振散射光谱法

用10 nm的金纳米粒子标记单克隆癌胚抗原抗体制备了检测癌胚抗原（CEA）的共振散射光谱探针（Au-CEAAb）。在pH 6.8 的Na2HPO4- NaH2PO4缓冲溶液中及聚乙二醇-6000存在下, CEA与Au-CEAAb发生免疫反应聚集形成疏水性的、平均粒径为227.0 nm的免疫复合物微粒,并在321 nm、581 nm产生2个共振散射峰。随着癌胚抗原（CEA）浓度的增大,581 nm处的共振散射强度I581nm线性增加,其增加值△I581nm与CEA浓度在1.0～50.0 ng·mL-1范围内呈良好的线性关系,相应的回归方程、相关系数、检出限(3σ)分别为ΔI581nm=1.63 C +5.6、0.9940、0.52 ng·mL-1。该法简便、快速、灵敏且选择性好,用于检测人血清中癌胚抗原（CEA）,结果满意。     

A new transition metal diphosphide α-MoP2 synthesized by a high-temperature and high-pressure technique

Monoclinic $\alpha $-MoP$_{2}$, with the OsGe$_{2}$-type structure (space group $C2/m$, $Z = 4$) and lattice parameters $a = 8.7248(11) $ Å, $b = 3.2322(4) $ Å, $c = 7.4724(9) $ Å, and $\beta =119.263^\circ $, was synthesized under a pressure of 4 GPa at a temperature between 1100 ${^\circ}$C and 1200 ${^\circ}$C. The structure of $\alpha $-MoP$_{2}$ and its relationship to other transition metal diphosphides are discussed. Surprisingly, the ambient pressure phase orthorhombic $\beta $-MoP$_{2}$ (space group Cmc2$_{1}$) is denser in structure than $\alpha $-MoP$_{2}$. Room-temperature high-pressure x-ray diffraction studies exclude the possibility of phase transition from $\beta $-MoP$_{2}$ to $\alpha $-MoP$_{2}$, suggesting that $\alpha $-MoP$_{2}$ is a stable phase at ambient conditions; this is also supported by the total energy and phonon calculations.     

Evidence for a High-Pressure Isostructural Transition in Nitrogen

We observed an isostructural phase transition in the solid nitrogen λ-N₂ at approximately 50 GPa accompanied by anomalies in lattice parameters, atomic volume and Raman vibron modes. The anomalies are ascribed to a slight reorientation of the nitrogen molecules, which does not seem to affect the monoclinic symmetry(space group p2_1/c). Our ab initio calculations further confirm the phenomena, and suggest an optimized structure for the λ-N₂ phase. In addition, a ne...     

鲱鱼精DNA修饰纳米金催化Fehling反应——共振散射光谱法检测痕量Hg2＋

用鲱鱼精DNA (hsDNA)修饰10 nm的纳米金制备了Hg^2＋的hsDNA修饰纳米金共振散射光谱探针(AuhsDNA). 在pH 7.0 Tris-HCl缓冲溶液中及0.017 mol/L NaCl存在下, Hg^2＋与AuhsDNA形成稳定的Hg^2＋-DNA结合物, 引起AuhsDNA中的纳米金析出并聚集形成纳米金簇. 该溶液用150 nm滤膜过滤后, 滤液中过量的AuhsDNA可催化Fehling试剂-葡萄糖反应生成氧化亚铜微粒, 该微粒在580 nm处有一个较强的共振散射峰. 随着汞离子浓度增大, 形成的纳米金簇越多, 滤液中AuhsDNA越少, 生成的氧化亚铜微粒减少, 580 nm处氧化亚铜微粒的共振散射光强度线性降低, 其共振散射光强度降低值?I₅₈₀ nm与汞离子浓度在1～833 nmol/L范围内成线性, 回归方程、相关系数、检出限分别为 ?I_{580 nm}＋0.9, 0.9990, 0.3 nmol/L Hg^2＋. 该法用于废水中Hg^2＋的检测.     

A new family of sp~3-hybridized carbon phases

A new family of superhard carbon allotropes C48(2i + 1) is constructed by alternating even 4 and 8 membered rings.These new carbon allotropes are of a spatially antisymmetrical structure, compared with the symmetrical structures of bctC4, Z-carbon, and P-carbon. Our calculations show that bulk moduli of C48(2i + 1) are larger than that of c-BN and smaller than that of cubic-diamond. C48(2i + 1) are transparent superhard materials possessing large Vicker hardness comparable to diamond. This work can help us understand the structural phase transformations of cold-compression graphite and carbon nanotubes.     

基于创新能力培养的大学物理实验教学模式改革

大学物理实验对于培养学生的创新能力、动手能力和科学研究能力具有重要的作用。针对当前实验教学过程中存在的问题,在优化教学内容、改进教学方法和考核方式等方面对大学物理实验的教学模式进行探索与改革,有利的推动了创新型人才的培养。     

鲱鱼精DNA修饰纳米金催化Fehling反应——共振散射光谱法检测痕量Hg~(2+)

用鲱鱼精DNA(hsDNA)修饰10nm的纳米金制备了Hg2+的hsDNA修饰纳米金共振散射光谱探针(AuhsDNA).在pH7.0Tris-HCl缓冲溶液中及0.017mol/LNaCl存在下,Hg2+与AuhsDNA形成稳定的Hg2+-DNA结合物,引起AuhsDNA中的纳米金析出并聚集形成纳米金簇.该溶液用150nm滤膜过滤后,滤液中过量的AuhsDNA可催化Fehling试剂-葡萄糖反应生成氧化亚铜微粒,该微粒在580nm处有一个较强的共振散射峰.随着汞离子浓度增大,形成的纳米金簇越多,滤液中AuhsDNA越少,生成的氧化亚铜微粒减少,580nm处氧化亚铜微粒的共振散射光强度线性降低,其共振散射光强度降低值ΔI580nm与汞离子浓度在1～833nmol/L范围内成线性,回归方程、相关系数、检出限分别为ΔI580nm2+Hg=0.37C+0.9,0.9990,0.3nmol/LHg2+.该法用于废水中Hg2+的检测.     

超痕量HRP的邻苯二胺微粒瑞利散射光谱分析新方法及其应用

在pH 4.8 的乙酸盐缓冲溶液中, 邻苯二胺(OPD)形成粒径约380 nm的微粒, 在392, 420, 445, 484和507 nm处有5个较强的Rayleigh散射峰. 辣根过氧化酶(HRP)催化H2O2氧化邻苯二胺生成黄色的2,3-二氨基吩嗪产物, 反应体系在420, 445和484 nm处的Rayleigh散射光信号显著减弱. 在最佳条件下, HRP浓度在8.3×10-12～4.17×10-10 g/mL范围内均与445和484 nm处的Rayleigh散射强度的降低值呈线性关系, 其回归方程、相关系数、检出限(3σ)分别为ΔI445 nm=2.23c+11, ΔI484 nm=1.47c+4.8; 0.9982, 0.9919; 3.6×10-12 g/mL HRP和5.4×10-12 g/mL HRP. 该法用于辣根过氧化酶(HRP)的测定, 结果满意.     

一个检测痕量汞离子的鱼精DNA修饰纳米金共振散射光谱法

在pH 7.0 Tris-HCl缓冲溶液及0.017 mol.L-1NaCl介质中,鲱鱼精DNA与10 nm的金纳米粒子形成较稳定的结合物使得金纳米粒子不聚集,体系的散射信号较弱。当有Hg2+存在时,DNA与Hg2+形成更稳定的DNA-Hg2+结合物,金纳米粒子聚集导致572 nm处的共振散射峰增强。在3.87μg.mL-1金纳米粒子-11.7μg.mL-1DNA-pH 7.0~17 mmol.L-1NaCl条件下,Hg2+浓度c在3.3~3 333.3 nmol.L-1范围内与572 nm处的共振散射强度增强值ΔI572 nm成良好线性关系,其回归方程、相关系数、检出限分别为ΔI572 nm=0.019c+5.0,0.999 1,2.5 nmol.L-1。该法用于水样分析,结果与冷原子吸收光谱法一致,相对标准偏差为5.1%。