Sol-gel preparation of a silica enhanced hydrophobicity and antireflective coating with optical stability in vacuum

A new silica antireflective coating with improved hydrophobicity and optical stability in a vacuum is obtained by a two-step route. Firstly, silica sols are prepared with a sol-gel process, in which tetraethyl orthosilicate is utilized as a precursor. And by introduction of fluorine containing glycol into the sols, the porosity of silica particles and surface polarity of the coatings are decreased. Afterward, coatings are constructed with low surface roughness by modification of PMBA-PMMA. The coatings retain transmission of up to 99.6%, and laser damage threshold of about 50 J/cm^2 at a wavelenth of 532 nm （1-on-1. 10 ns）     

用模拟万用表测电容

介绍了用模拟万用表和秒表测量电容的简单方法，对测量结果的误差原因进行了分析，给出了提高测量精度的几点措施。     

着好底色 精心打磨 巧妙融合——谈一道几何填空题的命制

以一道几何填空题的命制过程为例,阐述从选择基本图形到确定研究主题的命题设想,介绍打磨试题的几点优化策略,提出“着好底色、精心打磨、巧妙融合”的命题主张.     

Mechanism of micro-waviness induced KH2PO4 crystal laser damage and the corresponding vibration source

The low laser induced damage threshold of the KH₂PO₄ crystal seriously restricts the output power of inertial confinement fusion. The micro-waviness on the KH₂PO₄ surface processed by single point diamond turning has a significant influence on the damage threshold. In this paper, the influence of micro-waviness on the damage threshold of the KH₂PO₄ crystal and the chief sources introducing the micro-waviness are analysed based on the combination of the Fourier modal theory and the power spectrum density method. Research results indicate that among the sub-wavinesses with different characteristic spatial frequencies there exists the most dangerous frequency which greatly reduces the damage threshold, although it may not occupy the largest proportion in the original surface. The experimental damage threshold is basically consistent with the theoretical calculation. For the processing parameters used, the leading frequency of micro-waviness which causes the damage threshold to decrease is between 350^-1 μ^-1 and 30^-1 μ^-1, especially between 90^-1 μ^-1 and 200^-1 μ^-1. Based on the classification study of the time frequencies of micro-waviness, we find that the axial vibration of the spindle is the chief source introducing the micro-waviness, nearly all the leading frequencies are related to the practical spindle frequency (about 6.68 Hz, 400 r/min) and a special middle frequency (between 1.029 Hz and 1.143 Hz).     

核心素养下初中数学章前导学课程的开发研究

随着我国教育与国际教育的不断接轨,关于核心素养的讨论热潮也蔓延到了我国.学生核心素养的培养一直是我国政府及教育部门重点关注的问题,在教育领域的多个方面都开始把学生核心素养的培养列入研究范围,其中就囊括了教学方式创新、教材改革及教师专业能力评定等方面.     

如何用模拟万用表测量电容容量

对一个原来不带电的电窬进行充电的过程是一个零状态响应的过程,在此过程中电容可以看成是阻值随时间变化的动态电阻,其变化范围是由零增至无穷大的。因此,当用万用表对电容进行测量（充电）时,必须有一个时刻其大小与万用表的内阻相等,而其内阻又与中值电阻相等,可由表盘直接读出,依据有关公式便可很快计算出待测电容大小。     

Mechanism of micro-waviness induced KH₂PO₄ crystal laser damage and the corresponding vibration source

The low laser induced damage threshold of the KH2PO4 crystal seriously restricts the output power of inertial confinement fusion.The micro-waviness on the KH2PO4 surface processed by single point diamond turning has a significant influence on the damage threshold.In this paper,the influence of micro-waviness on the damage threshold of the KH2PO4 crystal and the chief sources introducing the micro-waviness are analysed based on the combination of the Fourier modal theory and the power spectrum density method.Research results indicate that among the sub-wavinesses with different characteristic spatial frequencies there exists the most dangerous frequency which greatly reduces the damage threshold,although it may not occupy the largest proportion in the original surface.The experimental damage threshold is basically consistent with the theoretical calculation.For the processing parameters used,the leading frequency of micro-waviness which causes the damage threshold to decrease is between 350-1 μm-1 and 30-1 μm-1,especially between 90-1 μm-1 and 200-1 μm-1.Based on the classification study of the time frequencies of microwaviness,we find that the axial vibration of the spindle is the chief source introducing the micro-waviness,nearly all the leading frequencies are related to the practical spindle frequency(about 6.68 Hz,400 r/min) and a special middle frequency(between 1.029 Hz and 1.143 Hz).     

碰撞模型下的空气阻力及其两个实例

在空气中运动的物体必然会受到其阻力的作用,多数情况下这个阻力是有害的,如超音速飞机、高速运动的火箭就必须克服极大的空气阻力,但任何事物都具有两面性,降落伞就是利用空气阻力让跳伞者以一个很小的速度降落的.空气阻力的大小与运动物体的速度、形状、表面状况等诸多因素有关,其精确计算相当复杂.本文将以一种简化的空气分子碰撞模型来推导运动物体所受的空气阻力大小,这个模型将空气分子视为弹性小球,其基本假定如下.