Influence of Flexoelectric Effect on Director Alignment of Nematic Liquid Crystals in Axial Arrangement Cylindrical Cells

A positive nematic liquid crystal(5CB) sample is confined in cylindrical cells under strong or weak axial anchoring boundary conditions when a radial nonuniform low-frequency electric field is applied and the flexoelectric effect is taken into account.Based on the Frank elastic free energy,the surface energy of the Rapini–Papoular approximation,the polarization free energy and the flexoelectric free energy caused by electric field,we obtain the free energy density of the nematic and solve the corresponding Euler–Lagrange equation numerically.We investigate the director distribution,the critical voltage and the critical exponent of nematic liquid crystal in cylindrical cells.It follows that the critical exponent is the classical one.It is also shown that the critical voltage in the system is affected by the flexoelectric effect,the geometric effect and radial weak anchoring effect on the cylindrical surfaces.A new type of director transition caused by the flexoelectric effect,the dielectric coupling effect and the radial weak anchoring effect is found.     

镀液中金属杂质离子对电镀镍层性能的影响

向镍电镀原液中引入2 g/L的Co~(2+),Cr3+,Mn~(2+),Fe~(2+),Cd~(2+),Zn~(2+)等离子,通过电镀得到不同的镀层.X射线衍射(XRD)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)及扫描电子显微镜(SEM)的结果表明,不同金属离子对镍沉积影响不同,金属杂质离子的存在会使镀层中晶粒尺寸变小,影响镍镀层的均匀性和致密度.通过阴极极化曲线、计时电位和交流阻抗等方法探讨了含有不同金属杂质的镀液在电镀过程中电化学行为的规律性.通过镀液的浓度梯度、耐腐蚀、耐热循环及耐高温等实验获得了不同条件下金属杂质在镀液中所允许的浓度范围.     

以糠醛为原料的成对电合成

研究了Ti/Ru-Ti-Sn,Ni,Ti/PbO_2,Pt和Ti/BDD(钛基掺硼金刚石电极)5种电极的析氧情况及对糠醛电化学氧化成糠酸的催化作用,得出氧化的最佳电极为Ni.以糠醛为原料,Ni电极为阳极,Cu电极为阴极,成对电合成糠醇和糠酸,研究了溶液p H值、电流密度、糠醛浓度、温度及电解时间对反应的影响.结果表明,溶液pH=11,阴极电流密度为2 mA/cm~2,阳极电流密度为1 mA/cm~2,糠醛浓度为0.1 mol/L,温度为25℃时,经过优化,总的电流效率最佳为130%.     

原油期货与现货价格联动性的复杂网络拓扑性质

选取2002年11月25日至2010年9月24日的国际原油期货价格和中国大庆原油现货价格作为样本数据,用于研究原油市场中期货价格和现货价格之间的联动变化规律. 将期货与现货价格的联动性关系转换为由{Y,O,N}组成的联动性符号序列,用符号序列映射为联动性的波动状态;该波动状态由5个符号组成的滑动窗来表示,由此构成177种联动性波动模态. 将该模态作为网络节点,模态之间的转换作为边,构建期货与现货价格加权联动性复杂网络. 对联动性复杂网络的点强度、强度分布、加权集聚系数、平均最短路径、介数集中性和小团体性等