Nano-LC: An updated review

Low-flow chromatography has a rich history of innovation but has yet to reach widespread implementation in bioanalytical applications. Improvements in pump technology, microfluidic connections, and nano-electrospray sources for MS have laid the groundwork for broader application, and innovation in this space has accelerated in recent years. This article reviews the instrumentation used for nano-flow LC, the types of columns employed, and strategies for multidimensionality of separations, which are key to the future state of the technique to the high-throughput needs of modern bioanalysis. An update of the current applications where nano-LC is widely used, such as proteomics and metabolomics, is discussed. But the trend toward biopharmaceutical development of increasingly complex, targeted, and potent therapeutics for the safe treatment of disease drives the need for ultimate selectivity and sensitivity of our analytical platforms for targeted quantitation in a regulated space. The selectivity needs are best addressed by mass spectrometric detection, especially at high resolutions, and exquisite sensitivity is provided by nano-electrospray ionization as the technology continues to evolve into an accessible, robust, and easy-to-use platform.     

Quantum Watermark Algorithm Based on Maximum Pixel Difference and Tent Map

International Journal of Theoretical Physics - A new quantum watermark algorithm is presented by combining maximum pixel difference partitioning with the least significant bit substitution...     

A Lower Bound Sequence for the Minimum Eigenvalue of Hadamard Product of an M-Matrix and its Inverse

Czechoslovak Mathematical Journal - We propose a lower bound sequence for the minimum eigenvalue of Hadamard product of an M-matrix and its inverse, in terms of an S-type eigenvalues inclusion set...     

Hopf–Hopf bifurcation analysis based on resonance and non-resonance in a simplified railway wheelset model

Nonlinear Dynamics - This paper mainly investigates the dynamics of the non-resonant and near-resonant Hopf–Hopf bifurcations caused by the interaction of the lateral and yaw motion in a...     

In situ confinement of iron-based active sites within high porosity carbon frameworks with enhanced activity for rechargeable Zn–air battery

Non-noble bifunctional electrocatalysts with robust activity and stability toward oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) are greatly significant but challenging for Zn-air batteries. Here, in situ confinement of FeN_x active sites in high porosity carbon framework (FeN_x/CMCC) derived from chelate of carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) and iron ions were synthesized. Particularly, construction of FeN_x within porous carbon framework accelerates the electron transfer and the sufficient utilization of active centers, and then expedites the reaction kinetics of ORR and OER. As expected, the optimized FeN_x/CMCC exhibits superior ORR activity with a larger half-wave potential of 0.869 V. The rechargeable Zn-air battery delivers a higher power density of 99.6 mW/cm² and a special capacity of 781.9 mA h/g_Zn at 10 mA/cm², together with excellent durability of over 335 h. Remarkably, the as-assembled solid-state battery exhibits a higher open circuit voltage (OCV) of 1.5 V, a special capacity of 709.7 mA h/g_Zn, as well as prolonged cycling stability (90 h). Moreover, the flexible solid-state battery displays negligible loss of electrochemical performance under various bending angles, illustrating its potential application in flexible electronic devices.     

Hybrid control strategy of delayed neural networks and its application to sampled-data systems: an impulsive-based bilateral looped-functional approach

Nonlinear Dynamics - In this work, the problem of hybrid control strategy for delayed neural networks is investigated via an impulsive-based bilateral looped-functional (IBBLF) approach. Firstly, a...     

Flatness,plateau limit and limit length of single-plateau functions

In this paper we consider iteration of single-plateau functions, an important class of continuous functions with infinitely many forts, and investigate changes of number and length of plateaux under iteration.We use the indices flatness, plateau limit and limit length to formulate those changes. Furthermore, we compute the flatness, plateau limit and limit length for all the nine types of single-plateau functions.     

Quantitative Analysis of Al in Flour Products by Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy Combined with Partial Least Squares

Journal of Applied Spectroscopy - Based on partial least squares (PLS) analysis, the effects of different smoothing points and different preprocessing methods on the accuracy and precision of the...     

Asymptotic Behavior of Least Energy Solutions for a Fractional Laplacian Eigenvalue Problem on ℝN

Acta Mathematica Sinica, English Series - We are interested in the existence and asymptotic behavior for the least energy solutions of the following fractional eigenvalue problem $$\left({\rm{P}}...