全文获取类型
收费全文 | 540篇 |
免费 | 30篇 |
国内免费 | 6篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 401篇 |
晶体学 | 2篇 |
力学 | 6篇 |
数学 | 87篇 |
物理学 | 80篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 3篇 |
2022年 | 1篇 |
2021年 | 13篇 |
2020年 | 7篇 |
2019年 | 14篇 |
2018年 | 11篇 |
2017年 | 2篇 |
2016年 | 30篇 |
2015年 | 20篇 |
2014年 | 22篇 |
2013年 | 30篇 |
2012年 | 51篇 |
2011年 | 48篇 |
2010年 | 28篇 |
2009年 | 19篇 |
2008年 | 33篇 |
2007年 | 30篇 |
2006年 | 38篇 |
2005年 | 39篇 |
2004年 | 27篇 |
2003年 | 14篇 |
2002年 | 6篇 |
2001年 | 6篇 |
2000年 | 4篇 |
1999年 | 3篇 |
1998年 | 10篇 |
1997年 | 3篇 |
1996年 | 2篇 |
1995年 | 4篇 |
1994年 | 1篇 |
1993年 | 4篇 |
1992年 | 3篇 |
1991年 | 4篇 |
1990年 | 2篇 |
1989年 | 1篇 |
1986年 | 3篇 |
1985年 | 5篇 |
1984年 | 5篇 |
1983年 | 4篇 |
1982年 | 3篇 |
1981年 | 4篇 |
1980年 | 2篇 |
1979年 | 5篇 |
1978年 | 4篇 |
1976年 | 3篇 |
1975年 | 1篇 |
1974年 | 2篇 |
1972年 | 1篇 |
1931年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有576条查询结果,搜索用时 17 毫秒
1.
Mathematical Programming - We study the computation and efficiency of pure Nash equilibria in combinatorial congestion games, where the strategies of each player i are given by the binary vectors... 相似文献
2.
Dr. Christoph Ludwig Teske Dr. Anna-Lena Hansen Prof. Dr. Richard Weihrich Prof. Dr. Lorenz Kienle Marius Kamp Kasper Pieter van der Zwan Prof. Dr. Jürgen Senker Dr. Carsten Dosche Prof. Dr. Gunther Wittstock Prof. Dr. Wolfgang Bensch 《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2019,25(27):6763-6772
A new preparation route is developed for the synthesis of needle-like crystals of [Au(S2CNH2)2]SCN, which avoids disproportionation of the AuI salt used as a starting material. In the crystal structure, the two crystallographically independent AuIII centers are in a square-planar environment of two S2CNH2 ligands. The Hirshfeld surface analysis reveals the presence of noncovalent intermolecular S⋅⋅⋅S interactions, which are essential for the spatial arrangement of the molecules. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations including dispersion and damping corrections result in a unit cell volume very close to the value determined experimentally. Thermal decomposition in an inert atmosphere generates black needles with lengths of up to 500 μm. X-ray powder diffraction and pair distribution function analyses demonstrate that the needles are composed of nanosized crystals with a volume-weighted average domain size of 20(1) nm. According to results of X-ray photoemission experiments, the black needles are covered by a nitrogen-rich carbon nitride with composition near (CN)2N. 13C solid-state NMR investigations indicate that two different carbon species are present, with signals corresponding well to heptazine units as in melon and triazine units as in poly(triazin imide) type compounds. Scanning transmission electron microscopy tomography evidences that the needles are composed of slightly elongated nanoparticles. 相似文献
3.
Claudia Poloni Marc C. A. Stuart Pieter van der Meulen Wiktor Szymanski Ben L. Feringa 《Chemical science》2015,6(12):7311-7318
The external photocontrol over peptide folding, by the incorporation of molecular photoswitches into their structure, provides a powerful tool to study biological processes. However, it is limited so far to switches that exhibit only a rather limited geometrical change upon photoisomerization and that show thermal instability of the photoisomer. Here we describe the use of an overcrowded alkene photoswitch to control a model β-hairpin peptide. This photoresponsive unit undergoes a large conformational change and has two thermally stable isomers which has major influence on the secondary structure and the aggregation of the peptide, permitting the phototriggered formation of amyloid-like fibrils. 相似文献
4.
5.
Pieter Bouckenooge Oliver Bauer Kathrin Eckhard Herman Terryn 《Surface and interface analysis : SIA》2020,52(4):174-184
In this paper, the behaviour of the industrial applied Ti/Zr conversion coating (CC) pretreatment on rolled automotive aluminium samples (AA5182) is analysed. Due to its nanometre lateral and depth resolution, Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) is used to analyse the CC distribution at surface cathodic intermetallic particles. As a result of its high surface sensitivity, the AES technique is very susceptible to differences in the top contamination layer thickness. It is demonstrated that AES point measurements performed on aluminium model samples coated with 1.5 and 3 nm of Ti (oxide) layer cannot differentiate the two-layer thicknesses if a difference in the top contamination thickness is not taken into account. A data analysis methodology is introduced, based on the ratio of normalized peak areas (enrichment ratios), to eliminate the effect of the contamination layer thickness. The experimental validation of the methodology is performed on the model samples, demonstrating errors of 2% on the enrichment ratios on similar samples with different contamination layer thicknesses, while the conventional spectra quantification results in errors of 49%. The methodology is also theoretically substantiated within certain constraints. By the use of the AES methodology, an enriched Ti and Zr deposition is confirmed at the cathodic intermetallic particles at the surface of the industrial no-rinse CC sprayed automotive aluminium sheet samples. 相似文献
6.
7.
Erik Pieter van Geest Sina Katharina Götzfried David M. Klein Nadiya Salitra Sorraya Popal Yurii Husiev Corjan J. Van der Griend Xuequan Zhou Maxime A. Siegler Gregory F. Schneider Sylvestre Bonnet 《Photochemistry and photobiology》2023,99(2):777-786
Photosubstitutionally active ruthenium complexes show high potential as prodrugs for the photoactivated chemotherapy (PACT) treatment of tumors. One of the problems in PACT is that the localization of the ruthenium compound is hard to trace. Here, a ruthenium PACT prodrug, [Ru(3)(biq)(STF-31)](PF6)2 (where 3 = 3-(([2,2′:6′,2″-ter- pyridin]-4′-yloxy)propyl-4-(pyren-1-yl)butanoate) and biq = 2,2′-biquinoline), has been prepared, in which a pyrene tracker is attached via an ester bond. The proximity between the fluorophore and the ruthenium center leads to fluorescence quenching. Upon intracellular hydrolysis of the ester linkage, however, the fluorescence of the pyrene moiety is recovered, thus demonstrating prodrug cellular uptake. Further light irradiation of this molecule liberates by photosubstitution STF-31, a known cytotoxic nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) inhibitor, as well as singlet oxygen via excitation of the free pyrene chromophore. The dark and light cytotoxicity of the prodrug, embedded in liposomes, as well as the appearance of blue emission upon uptake, were evaluated in A375 human skin melanoma cells. The cytotoxicity of the liposome-embedded prodrug was indeed increased by light irradiation. This work realizes an in vitro proof-of-concept of the lock-and-kill principle, which may ultimately be used to design strategies aimed at knowing where and when light irradiation should be realized in vivo. 相似文献
8.
Christopher M. Rath Jane Y. Yang Theodore Alexandrov Pieter C. Dorrestein 《Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry》2013,24(8):1167-1176
Atmospheric ionization methods are ideally suited for prolonged MS/MS analysis. Data-independent MS/MS is a complementary technique for analysis of biological samples as compared to data-dependent analysis. Here, we pair data-independent MS/MS with the ambient ionization method nanospray desorption electrospray ionization (nanoDESI) for untargeted analysis of bacterial metabolites. Proof-of-principle data and analysis are illustrated by sampling Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa directly from Petri dishes. We found that this technique enables facile comparisons between strains via MS and MS/MS plots which can be translated to chemically informative molecular maps through MS/MS networking. The development of novel techniques to characterize microbial metabolites allows rapid and efficient analysis of metabolic exchange factors. This is motivated by our desire to develop novel techniques to explore the role of interspecies interactions in the environment, health, and disease. This is a contribution to honor Professor Catherine C. Fenselau in receiving the prestigious ASMS Award for a Distinguished Contribution in Mass Spectrometry for her pioneering work on microbial mass spectrometry. Figure
? 相似文献
9.
The 15th International Conference on X-ray Absorption Fine Structure (XAFS15) was held at the Pullman Beijing West Wanda Hotel in Beijing, China, on July 22–28, 2012. The conference was chaired by Ziyu Wu (Chinese Academy of Sciences). In conjunction with XAFS15, the workshop “XAFS theory and nano particles” was held July 18–20, 2012, in Chiba, Japan, and chaired by T. Fujikawa. 相似文献
10.