全文获取类型
收费全文 | 6301篇 |
免费 | 263篇 |
国内免费 | 38篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 4252篇 |
晶体学 | 23篇 |
力学 | 178篇 |
数学 | 1067篇 |
物理学 | 1082篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 48篇 |
2022年 | 33篇 |
2021年 | 97篇 |
2020年 | 140篇 |
2019年 | 120篇 |
2018年 | 85篇 |
2017年 | 67篇 |
2016年 | 187篇 |
2015年 | 157篇 |
2014年 | 202篇 |
2013年 | 365篇 |
2012年 | 378篇 |
2011年 | 445篇 |
2010年 | 304篇 |
2009年 | 233篇 |
2008年 | 415篇 |
2007年 | 410篇 |
2006年 | 381篇 |
2005年 | 382篇 |
2004年 | 288篇 |
2003年 | 243篇 |
2002年 | 208篇 |
2001年 | 85篇 |
2000年 | 69篇 |
1999年 | 65篇 |
1998年 | 53篇 |
1997年 | 82篇 |
1996年 | 78篇 |
1995年 | 68篇 |
1994年 | 68篇 |
1993年 | 50篇 |
1992年 | 50篇 |
1991年 | 47篇 |
1990年 | 31篇 |
1989年 | 37篇 |
1988年 | 28篇 |
1986年 | 29篇 |
1985年 | 53篇 |
1984年 | 49篇 |
1983年 | 45篇 |
1982年 | 53篇 |
1981年 | 45篇 |
1980年 | 36篇 |
1979年 | 32篇 |
1978年 | 41篇 |
1977年 | 31篇 |
1976年 | 27篇 |
1975年 | 26篇 |
1974年 | 28篇 |
1973年 | 22篇 |
排序方式: 共有6602条查询结果,搜索用时 281 毫秒
1.
2.
Gustavo D. Mendes Thais da Silva Pereira Júlio César Rodrigues Elaine Marcílio Santos Mariani Rafaela Souza Rodrigo Alvaro Brandão Lopes-Martins Natalícia de Jesus Antunes Ronilson Agnaldo Moreno Gilberto De Nucci 《Biomedical chromatography : BMC》2020,34(4):e4731
To assess the bioequivalence of two zolpidem hemitartrate formulations in 30 healthy volunteers. Plasma samples were obtained over a 24 h period. Plasma concentrations of zolpidem were analyzed by liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry with positive ion electrospray ionization using multiple reaction monitoring. Values of peak concentration (Cmax), area under curve (AUC), half-life, elimination constant, volume of distribution and clearance showed statistically significant differences when comparing women (604.34 ng h/ml, 127.36 ng/ml, 4.4 h, 0.18 1/h, 50.56 L and 8.55 L/h, respectively) and men (276.1 ng h/ml, 70.9 ng/ml, 3.3 h, 0.26 1/h, 91.42 L and 24.34 L/h, respectively), receiving the same dose (5 mg), respectively. The geometric means with corresponding 90% confidence interval for Test/Reference percentage ratios were 99.73% (CI 93.69–106.16) for Cmax, 97.44% (90% CI = 91.85–103.37%) for area under curve of plasma concentration until the last concentration observed (AUClast) and 98.30% (90% CI = 92.48–104.49) for the area under curve between the first sample (pre-dosage) and infinity (AUC0–inf). Since the 90% CI for AUClast, AUC0–inf and Cmax ratios were within the 80–125% interval proposed by the US Food and Drug Administration, it was concluded that zolpidem hemitartrate formulation (5 mg orodispersible tablet) is bioequivalent to the zolpidem hemitartrate formulation (Patz SL 5 mg sublingual tablet) with regard to both the rate and the extent of absorption. A new formulation of zolpidem 2.5 mg may be useful in women for the same clinical benefits as the 5 mg formulation in men. 相似文献
3.
Marc Magre Bholanath Maity Alban Falconnet Luigi Cavallo Magnus Rueping 《Angewandte Chemie (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2019,131(21):7099-7103
A magnesium‐catalyzed hydroboration of alkynes providing good yields and selectivities for a wide range of terminal and symmetrical and unsymmetrical internal alkynes has been developed. The compatibility with many functional groups makes this magnesium catalyzed procedure attractive for late stage functionalization. Experimental mechanistic investigations and DFT calculations reveal insights into the reaction mechanism of the magnesium catalyzed protocol. 相似文献
4.
Antonio Fernandez Emily J. Thompson Jeffrey W. Pollard Takanori Kitamura Marc Vendrell 《Angewandte Chemie (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2019,131(47):17050-17054
We report the novel chemical design of fluorescent activatable chemokines as highly specific functional probes for imaging subpopulations of immune cells in live tumours. Activatable chemokines behave as AND‐gates since they emit only after receptor binding and intracellular activation, showing enhanced selectivity over existing agents. We have applied this strategy to produce mCCL2‐MAF as the first probe for in vivo detection of metastasis‐associated macrophages in a preclinical model of lung metastasis. This strategy will accelerate the preparation of new chemokine‐based probes for imaging immune cell function in tumours. 相似文献
5.
Averboukh Yurii Marigonda Antonio Quincampoix Marc 《Journal of Optimization Theory and Applications》2021,189(1):244-270
Journal of Optimization Theory and Applications - We investigate when a mean field-type control system can fulfill a given constraint. Namely, given a closed set of probability measures on the... 相似文献
6.
Yi Zheng Ziqing Wang Gabrielle Lui Dborah Hirt Jean‐Marc Treluyer Sihem Benaboud Radia Aboura Ins Gana 《Biomedical chromatography : BMC》2019,33(5)
Levofloxacin, pefloxacin, ciprofloxacin and moxifloxacin are four fluoroquinolones used in the treatment of serious bacterial infections. The antibacterial activity of fluoroquinolones is concentration dependent. Therefore, therapeutic drug monitoring in daily clinical practice is warranted to ensure the therapy's efficacy and prevent bacterial resistance. The purpose of the present study was to develop a method using high‐pressure liquid chromatography with an ultraviolet detector for simultaneous quantification of these four fluoroquinolones in human plasma. A 50 μL aliquot of plasma was precipitated by 200 μL of methanol using gatifloxacin as internal standard. The chromatographic separation was performed on a Kinetex XB‐C18 column using a mobile phase composed of a mixture of orthophosphoric acid 0.4% (v/v), acetonitrile and methanol at a flow rate of 1.2 mL/min. Dual UV wavelength mode was used, with levofloxacin and moxifloxacin monitored at 293 nm, and pefloxacin and ciprofloxacin monitored at 280 nm. The calibration was linear over the ranges of 0.125–25 mg/L for levofloxacin, 0.1–20mg/L for moxifloxacin and 0.05‐10 mg/L for both pefloxacin and ciprofloxacin. Inter‐ and intra‐day trueness and precision were <13% for all the compounds under study. The proposed method was simple, reliable, cost‐effective and suitable for therapeutic drug monitoring or pharmacokinetics studies. 相似文献
7.
8.
On Copper(I) Fluorides,the Cuprophilic Interaction,the Preparation of Copper Nitride at Room Temperature,and the Formation Mechanism at Elevated Temperatures 下载免费PDF全文
Dipl.‐Chem. Patrick Woidy Dr. Antti J. Karttunen Dr. Marc Widenmeyer Prof. Dr. Rainer Niewa Prof. Dr. Florian Kraus 《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2015,21(8):3290-3303
Our attempts to synthesize the hitherto unknown binary copper(I) fluoride have led to first successes and a serendipitious result: By conproportionation of elemental copper and copper(II) fluoride in anhydrous liquid ammonia, two copper(I) fluorides were obtained as simple NH3 complexes. One of them presents an example of ligand‐unsupported “cuprophilic” interactions in an infinite [Cu2(NH3)4]2+ chain with alternating Cu–Cu distances. We discovered that both copper(I) fluorides can easily be converted into Cu3N at room temperature, just by applying a vacuum. Additionally, we investigated the formation mechanism of the classical synthesis route of Cu3N that starts with CuF2 and flowing NH3 in the temperature range between ambient and 290 °C by means of thermal analysis and in situ neutron diffraction. The reaction proceeds at elevated temperatures through the formation of a blue and amorphous ammoniate Cu(NH3)2F2, the reformation of CuF2, and finally the redox reaction to form Cu3N. 相似文献
9.
Claudia Poloni Marc C. A. Stuart Pieter van der Meulen Wiktor Szymanski Ben L. Feringa 《Chemical science》2015,6(12):7311-7318
The external photocontrol over peptide folding, by the incorporation of molecular photoswitches into their structure, provides a powerful tool to study biological processes. However, it is limited so far to switches that exhibit only a rather limited geometrical change upon photoisomerization and that show thermal instability of the photoisomer. Here we describe the use of an overcrowded alkene photoswitch to control a model β-hairpin peptide. This photoresponsive unit undergoes a large conformational change and has two thermally stable isomers which has major influence on the secondary structure and the aggregation of the peptide, permitting the phototriggered formation of amyloid-like fibrils. 相似文献
10.
Renewability is not Enough: Recent Advances in the Sustainable Synthesis of Biomass‐Derived Monomers and Polymers 下载免费PDF全文
Dr. Audrey Llevot Patrick‐Kurt Dannecker Marc von Czapiewski Lena C. Over Zafer Söyler Prof. Dr. Michael A. R. Meier 《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2016,22(33):11510-11521
Taking advantage of the structural diversity of different biomass resources, recent efforts were directed towards the synthesis of renewable monomers and polymers, either for the substitution of petroleum‐based resources or for the design of novel polymers. Not only the use of biomass, but also the development of sustainable chemical approaches is a crucial aspect for the production of sustainable materials. This review discusses the recent examples of chemical modifications and polymerizations of abundant biomass resources with a clear focus on the sustainability of the described processes. Topics such as synthetic methodology, catalysis, and development of new solvent systems or greener alternative reagents are addressed. The chemistry of vegetable oil derivatives, terpenes, lignin, carbohydrates, and sugar‐based platform chemicals was selected to highlight the trends in the active field of a sustainable use of renewable resources. 相似文献