Development of health monitoring method for pecan nut trees using side video data and computer vision

Optical Review - Increasing efficiency and productivity in the field of agriculture is important to provide sufficient food to the world’s increasing population. It is important to monitor...     

Improvement in flow-sheet of extraction chromatography for trivalent minor actinides recovery

Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry - Extraction chromatography flow-sheet employing octyl(phenyl)-N,N-diisobutylcarbonoylmethylphosphine oxide and bis(2-ethylhexyl) hydrogen phosphate...     

One‐Step Borylation of 1,3‐Diaryloxybenzenes Towards Efficient Materials for Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes

The development of a one‐step borylation of 1,3‐diaryloxybenzenes, yielding novel boron‐containing polycyclic aromatic compounds, is reported. The resulting boron‐containing compounds possess high singlet‐triplet excitation energies as a result of localized frontier molecular orbitals induced by boron and oxygen. Using these compounds as a host material, we successfully prepared phosphorescent organic light‐emitting diodes exhibiting high efficiency and adequate lifetimes. Moreover, using the present one‐step borylation, we succeeded in the synthesis of an efficient, thermally activated delayed fluorescence emitter and boron‐fused benzo[6]helicene.     

Uniaxial extension of an isothermal fluid cylinder in the presence of inertia,surface tension and gravity

Effects of inertia, surface tension and gravity in the constant force stretching of isothermal cylindrical filaments of Newtonian, power-law and Maxwell-type fluids were analysed in Lagrangian coordinates. Solution for the purely gravitational extension of Newtonian fluid cylinder was found to be as simple as = 1 – C ₃ (1 – ) where designates the cross sectional area, the Lagrangian distance and the time. Analytical solutions were also available for the case of inertialess Newtonian and power-law fluids.A first-order backward differencing scheme and minimal computer time were sufficient to numerically analyse the constant force extension of Maxwell-type fluids in the presence of inertia, gravity and surface tension. Effects of inertia, surface tension and gravity on the severity of neck down occurring at either end of the filament are summarized in diagrams. The present approach is valid on any other constitutive model as far as there is a numerical scheme to analyse thehomogeneous extension of a cylinder of that particular fluid.     

Synthesis of All Stereoisomers of Monomeric Spectomycin A1/A2 and Evaluation of Their Protein SUMOylation-Inhibitory Activity

A synthetic methodology to access all possible stereoisomers of spectomycin A1 (SMA1) and A2 (SMA2) has been established through late-stage diversification. The key reaction for the construction of all four diastereomers is an intramolecular cyclization based on the umpolung of π-allyl palladium species with bis(pinacolato)diborane (B₂(pin)₂). Silyl group assisted direct benzylic oxidation of each isomer enabled construction of the fragile β-hydroxytetralone skeleton to provide the SMAs. The relative and absolute stereochemistry of SMA2 was also determined, and the absolute stereochemistry of SMA1 was extrapolated based on the optical rotation of SMA2. The axial chirality of SMAs is discussed based on circular dichroism spectra and DFT calculations, and it is concluded that the M isomer is predominant in solution. Biochemical assessment of all isomers in vitro revealed that the C9 hydroxyl group and dimeric structure were both important for protein SUMOylation-inhibitory activity.     

Identification of conjugation positions of urinary glucuronidated vitamin D3 metabolites by LC/ESI–MS/MS after conversion to MS/MS‐fragmentable derivatives

A liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization–tandem mass spectrometry‐based method was developed for the identification of the conjugation positions of the monoglucuronides of 25‐hydroxyvitamin D₃ [25(OH)D₃] and 24,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D₃ [24,25(OH)₂D₃] in human urine. The method employed derivatization with 4‐(4‐dimethylaminophenyl)‐1,2,4‐triazoline‐3,5‐dione to convert the glucuronides into fragmentable derivatives, which provided useful product ions for identifying the conjugation positions during the MS/MS. The derivatization also enhanced the assay sensitivity and specificity for urine sample analysis. The positional isomeric monoglucuronides, 25(OH)D₃‐3‐ and ‐25‐glucuronides, or 24,25(OH)₂D₃‐3‐, ‐24‐ and ‐25‐glucuronides, were completely separated from each other under the optimized LC conditions. Using this method, the conjugation positions were successfully determined to be the C3 and C24 positions for the glucuronidated 25(OH)D₃ and 24,25(OH)₂D₃, respectively. The 3‐glucuronide was not present for 24,25(OH)₂D₃, unlike 25(OH)D₃, thus we found that selective glucuronidation occurs at the C24‐hydroxy group for 24,25(OH)₂D₃.